1、Period Three Grammar,一、时间状语从句 1引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，as，before，after，whenever，till，until，since，once等。 When we lived in town，we often went to the theatre. 当我们住在城里时，我们常常去看戏。 After she got married，she changed completely. 结婚之后她完全变了。,状语从句,Whenever she had a cold，she ate only fruit. 每当感冒时，她就只吃水果。 I have
2、written home four times since I came here. 自从我到这儿来，我往家写了四封信。 Once you remember it，youll never forget it. 你一旦记住了它，就永远不会忘记。,2when除了作“当时候”解之外，还有“那时(突然)，这时(突然)”之意，常用于下列句式：was/were doing.when.“正突然”；was/were about to/going to do.when.“正要突然”；had just done.when.“刚突然就”。,We were having a meeting when someone
3、broke in. 我们正开会突然闯进一人。 We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. 我们刚要出发，突然下雨了。 另外，when还可作“既然”解，引出原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. 既然能轻易地五分钟内步行到那儿，那么乘坐出租车你太傻了。,3before“在之前”，还可译为“还未就”；“不到就”；“才”；“趁着还没就”；“还没来得及就”等。 W
4、e had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。,Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。 Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。 Before they reached the station，the train h
5、ad gone. 他们还没到达火车站，火车就已开走了。,【辨析】 before/since before可构成句型：“it will(not)be.before”和“it was (not)before.”，意为“多久之后才”。 It will be half a year before I come back. 还要半年我才回来。 It wont be long before we meet again. 过不了多久，我们又会见面。 It was some time before I realized the importance of it. 过了一段时间我才意识到它的重要性。,since
6、可构成句型：“It is/has been.since.”，意为“做某事已有多久了”。 It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发有三年了。 It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。,4while和as都可译为“在期间；正当时”，表示主句中的动作和从句中的动作同时发生。但while从句中的谓语动词通常是持续性动词，而as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 其他人工作
7、时，请你们不要高声谈话。 He hurried home，looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙跑回去，一边走一边回头望。 John sings as he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。,注意：as还可译为“随着”，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程。 As she grew older，she became more pessimistic. 随着年龄的增大，她变得更悲观。 As the years went by，his hair turned grey. 随着岁月的流逝，他的头发变白了。 while有时可译为“而，却”，表示上下文的转折对比关系。,He li
8、kes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 while还有“虽然”之意，引出让步状语从句。 While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.虽然我理解你的观点，但我不同意。,5当表达“一就”之意时，可用as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute等引出状语从句，还可用no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.等句型。 The moment I heard t
9、he voice，I knew father was coming. 一听到嗓音我就知道父亲来了。 We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.我刚到达车站，火车就离站了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.一看到他母亲，男孩就哭了起来。,6短语every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time，by the time等也可引导时间状语从句。 Every/Each time I was
10、in trouble，he would come to help me out.每次我陷入困境时，他就会来帮助我。 Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.下次你来时，记得带来你的儿子。,The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed. 她最后一次看到詹姆士时，他躺在床上。 The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt nervous. 第一次爬墙时，我感到紧张。 You are welcome to come back any ti
11、me you want to. 你想回来时随时可回来。,二、让步状语从句 1引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：although，though，as，even though，even if等。 He is unhappy though he has a lot of money. 虽然他有许多钱，但是他不高兴。 Even though its hard work，I enjoy it. 尽管这项工作很难，但我喜欢它。 They will stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即使你没有成功，他们也将帮助你。,2as和though引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语
12、、状语或动词原形要置于句首。若表语是名词，其前不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句中要有may或might。 Smart though she is，she studies hard. 她虽然聪明，但学习仍很努力。 Child as he is，he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。,Much as I like it，I wont buy it，for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。 Try as he might，he could not find a job. 不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。 Hard though
13、they worked，they couldnt make any progress.尽管他们工作努力，但不会取得任何进展。,3while和when也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。 While I have some sympathy for them，I dont think they are right. 虽然我对他们有些同情，但我认为他们是不对的。 While they are my neighbors，I dont know them well. 虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。 He walks when he might take a taxi. 虽然可乘出租车，他却总
14、是步行。,4whether.or.可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是还是；不论是否”。 Whether my parents agree or not，I will study abroad. 不论父母同意与否，我都要出国留学。 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。,注意：whether.or.从句中的谓语动词可用原形动词来表示虚拟语气。 Whether she be right or wrong，she will have my support. 不管她是对是错，都将得到
15、我的支持。 Whether he succeed or fail，it doesnt matter much to me. 无论他成功还是失败，都和我没多大关系。,5Whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等与no matter what/who/which.等亦可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管； 无论”。 Whatever(No matter what)you say，he wont believe you.不管你说什么，他都不会相信你。 Whoever you are(No matter who you are)，you mus
16、t obey the rules. 不管你是谁，你必须服从规定。,However far it is，I intend to drive there today. 不管多远，我都打算开车去那里。 The quality will be the same，whichever of them you choose.无论你选哪一个，质量都是一样的。 Wherever he may hide，I will find him out. 无论他躲在哪里，我都会把他找出来。,三、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since等。 He was angry because we we
17、re late. 因为我们迟到他生气了。 As I had a cold，I was absent from school. 因为我得了感冒，没有去上学。 Since it is raining，Ill stay at home. 因为下雨了，我才待在家。,注意：since引出的原因状语从句通常是指说话双方彼此已经知道的原因或理由。 Since we are young，we shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.因为我们还年轻，所以不要太害怕犯错误。 此外，now(that)，seeing(that)，considering(that)，give
18、n(that)，as long as等短语也可引导原因状语从句。 Now that you are all here，lets try and reach a decision. 既然你们都在这儿，咱们就设法做出一个决定。 Seeing that it is ten oclock，we shall not wait for her any longer.由于现在已经10点钟了，我们就不再等她了。,Considering hes only been learning English for a year，he speaks it very well. 考虑到他学英语才一年，他讲得已经很好了。 G
19、iven that she is interested in children，I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 由于她喜欢孩子，我认为她非常适合当老师。 As long as youre here，we might as well talk about your last game. 既然你在这里，我们不妨谈一谈你上次的比赛。,for也表示知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于第一个分句之后，这时for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。 Its m
20、orning now，for the birds are singing. 现在是早上了，因为鸟儿在叫。(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。),注意：下列情况下只能使用because： (1)在回答why的问句时； (2)在用于强调句型时，即It is/was because.that.句型； (3)被not所否定时。,四、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so.that.，such.that.等。在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略。 I was caught in a shower，so that all my
21、 clothes got wet. 我被雨淋了，结果衣服全湿了。,It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.天如此的黑以致于他看不清同伴的面孔。 He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing. 他是一个如此奇妙的诙谐人物，(以致)弄得你不能不笑。 I am so busy with my work (that) I have no time to write a letter.我工作那么忙以致于没有时间写信。,Mike is such an h
22、onest worker that we all believe him. 迈克是那么诚实的一个工人以至于我们都相信他。 Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是那么诚实的一个工人以至于我们都喜欢他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气那么好，我们都想去公园。 He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他赚得如此少以致不能赡养家庭。,比较： It is no
23、t surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物并不令人感到惊讶。 Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams. 汤姆学习很用功，结果考试及格了。,五、目的状语从句 1目的状语从句的连词有：so that(有时省略so)，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等。 She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she revi
24、ews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记，以便她能在课后复习功课时用。 He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.他尽力大声叫喊，以便别人能听见。,I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声，以免打搅你。 He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他努力学习，以免考试不及格。 Take your umbrella in case it
25、rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。,2in order that与so that意思一样，作“以便，为了”解，目的状语从句中常用情态动词can/could，may/might。in order that比so that正式，其引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我将说慢一些以便你能理解我。 In order that we might see the sunrise，we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们一早就
26、向山顶进发。,3for fear that，in case与lest意思基本一样，作“以免；唯恐”解，它们引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用“should动词原形”。 The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father should see him. 小男孩藏在树后面，以免他爸爸看见他。,I dont let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold. 我不让他在这样的天气里出去，以免他感冒。 He ran away lest he should be c
27、aught. 他跑开了，以免被抓住。 注意：in case从句中可不用虚拟语气。 Take your raincoat in case it rains.,4判断so that引导的是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句的方法如下： (1)根据上下文及句子所表达的意思判断。 (2)从句中有情态动词的多是目的状语从句。 She listened to the lecture attentively so that she could understand it thoroughly. 她认真地听讲座，以便能彻底理解。(目的状语从句) She listened to the lecture attenti
28、vely so that she understood it thoroughly. 她认真地听讲座，完全理解了。(结果状语从句),语法专练 1I dont believe weve met before，_I must say you do look familiar. Atherefore Balthough Csince Dunless 【答案】B 根据句意：尽管我觉得你看起来面熟，但我认为我以前没见过你。although：尽管；therefore：因此；since：既然；unless：除非。,2I had hardly got to the office_my wife phoned
29、me to go back home at once. Awhen Bthan Cuntil Dafter 【答案】A 考查hardly.when句型。,3Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses_eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. Abecause Bthough Cunless Dif 【答案】A 句意：父母对孩子要太阳镜的要求应该重视，因为在阳光充足的日子里对眼睛的保护是必要的。because 引导原因状语从句。,4He spoke s
30、lowly_everyone could understand him. Ain order to Bin order Cin order that Din that order 【答案】C 句意：他说话很慢是为了让人人都能听懂。in order that引导目的状语从句。,5He whispered to his wife_he might wake up the sleeping baby. Aso that Bon condition that Cfor fear that Dso long as 【答案】C 句意：他低声和妻子说话，唯恐吵醒熟睡的孩子。 本句要表示的是“唯恐，怕的是”，
31、故用for fear that。,6One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help. Aafter Bwhile Csince Dwhen 【答案】D 句意：有一个星期五，我们正在打包准备周末出去旅游，突然女儿听到了呼救声。 when 引导时间状语，意思是： 突然，就在那时候。,7. You should try to get a good nights sleep_much work you have to do. Ahowever Bno matter Calt
32、hough Dwhatever 【答案】A 句意：无论你必须做多少工作，你都应该好好睡一晚上。此处强调“无论多少工作”，所以要用however来修饰much，这里的however much相当于no matter how much。,8. How should I deal with new words in reading? Well，youd better not stop_you come to a word or phrase you dont know. Athe time Ba time Cevery time Done time 【答案】C 句意：我该怎么处理阅读中的生词？ 哦，
33、每次遇到不懂的生词或短语时，没必要停下来。every time引导时间状语从句，意为“每次的时候”。,9Mary made coffee_her guests were finishing their meal. Aso that Balthough Cwhile Das if 【答案】C 句意：当客人们快要吃完饭的时候玛丽煮了咖啡。故选while“当的时候”。so that引导目的或结果状语从句，although引导让步状语从句，as if引导方式状语从句。,10The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _he wanted to sit
34、 next to his wife. Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif 【答案】C 句意：那位老人要求Lucy坐另一把椅子，因为他想与妻子紧挨着坐在一起。,11The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，_they have the interest. Awherever Bwhenever Ceven if Das if 【答案】C 句意：工程师们如此忙以致于没有时间进行户外体育活动，即使他们有兴趣。A.“无论哪儿”，B.“无论何时”，C.“即使”
35、，D.“好像”。,12Just use the room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one_it becomes available. Aas soon as Bunless Cas far as Duntil 【答案】A 句意：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给你。A.“一就”，B.“除非”，C.“就而言”，D.“直至”。,13The girl had hardly rung the bell_the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet he
36、r. Abefore Buntil Cas Dsince 【答案】A 句意：这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就突然开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。hardly.before.实际上为一固定句式，意思是“刚就”，相当于：“hardly.when.”。,14John thinks it wont be long_he is ready for his new job. Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince 【答案】C “It wont be long before.”是一常用的句式，意思是“不久就会”。,15It just isnt fair，_I was working as a waite
37、r last month，my friends were lying on the beach. Awhenever Bthough Cfor Dwhile 【答案】D 根据句意，此处表示“在的时候，在期间”，因此用while引导时间状语从句。,16_the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him. AAlthough BAs long as CIf only DAs soon as 【答案】A 考查从属连词的用法。根据句
38、意，此处引导让步状语从句。故选A。,17Peter was so excited_he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. Awhere Bthat Cwhy Dwhen 【答案】D 句意：当彼特收到朋友的去参观重庆的邀请时，他非常兴奋。本题易错选that，但由句意可知并不是表示“如此以至于”之意。where表示地点；why表示原因，均不符合句意，因此选D。,18I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free_the t
39、hird costs $30. Awhile Buntil Cwhen Dbefore 【答案】A 答句句意：前面两个免费，但是第三个要付30美元。“免费”与“收费”之间存在对比关系，因此答案为while。,19It was_he came back from America that year _ he met the girl. Awhen；then Bnot；until Cnot until；that Donly；when 【答案】C 本句考查强调句型It is/was.that/whom.。第一空应填“直到才”，根据用法not until应放在一起使用。,20The medicine will work more efficiently_you drink some hot water after taking it. Aas Buntil Calthough Dif 【答案】D 句意：如果你在吃了药之后喝一些热水，这种药会更有效果。分析句子结构可知，引导词表示条件关系。,
