1、科技英语写作中的常用句式,科学论文中的常用英语句型,“指出目的”的句式“限定范围”的句式“说明理论”的句式“描述实验”的句式“介绍方法”的句式“展示结果”的句式“作出评价”的句式,学习的必要性,科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。,一、“指出目的”的句式,指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言等部分。 指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的”，“该项工作主要是关于”，“该项工作的主要目的是
2、”，“该项研究的主要目的是”，“该项实验主要是为了”等等。,（1）本文的主要目的是, The purpose of this paper is The primary goal of this research is The intention of this paper is to survey The overall objective of this study is In this paper, was provided (given，illustrated) Our goal has been to provide In this paper，we aim at The emphas
3、is of this study lies in,（2）该项工作是关于, The present work is concerned with the processes underlying The above work deals with the mechanism involved in Our work at present is devoted to the changes occurring in The work we have done bears on the effects produced by The work we are doing is closely rela
4、ted to the deliberations described in The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following,（3）该项工作的主要目的是, The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of The main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of The major object of their further
5、 work will be research into the nature of Our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about The work which is being done now is designed to find some solution to the problem of Work of this kind has been started in order to assess the role of ,（4）该项研究的主要目的是 , The chief a
6、im of the present study is to find out The primary object of this fundamental research will be to reveal the cause of The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of The study of was made in order to clarify The above study has been carried out to determine Performing th
7、ese studies the author intended to reveal,（5）该项实验主要是为了, We made these experiments in order to show a correlation between The author attempted the set of experiment with a view to demonstrate certain phenomena Experiments onwere made in order to measure the amount of Experiments involvinghave been ca
8、rried out to determine Experiments using this technique are (not )under way test (check) Experiments onare made to answer the question whether,二、“限定范围”的句式,限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。限定主题范围时的常用表达有：“该问题是关于的研究”，“该问题在范围之内（外）”，“该问题涉及到范围”，“该问题可进一步推广到范围”等等。,（1）该问题是关于的研究, This problem is concerned (
9、chiefly)with the study of The problem of deals (largely)with the determination of The problem they have advanced bears on the elucidation of The problem to be discussed in this paper is related closely with The problem described previously was directed to the example of, which differs from The probl
10、em under investigation involves some significant agreements and disagreements in,（2）这是研究的问题, The problem concerned with the nature of The problem relating to the influence of The problem which deals with the role of The problem which bears on the effect of The problem in connection with The problem
11、as mentioned previously in,（3）该问题在范围之内（外）, The problem is within the scope of Our problem lies beyond the range of The problem you have just outlined seems to be outside of the province of The problem the authors have raised goes off the limits of The problem I have referred to falls within the fiel
12、d of The problem under discussion is not within the scope of,（4）该项研究涉及到范围, Studies of these effects cover(ed)various aspects of Investigations oninvolve(d) also specific situations. Our studies with this technique are confined to one particular aspect. More recent studies by this worker were chiefly
13、 concerned with the influence of The research on the conventional techniques explains well the phenomenon of The new findings from the experiment agree to the result obtained in,（5）该研究进一步推广到范围, The authors have extended their studies to some other related species. We hope to expand our investigation
14、s to include other materials. The research we have done deserves further studies. The investigation carried out by the experts suggests an increase of the application in The approach under study predicates a wider range of application.,三、“说明理论”的句式,说明有理论根据的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常出现在引言、实验描述及讨论等部分。说明理论根据时常用表达如下
15、：“该理论是提出来的”，“该理论的内容（特点）是”；“根据该理论，可以得出”，“该理论认为 ”，“应用该理论能（或不能）说明”等等。,（1）该理论是提出来的, The theory ofwas created 50 years ago The theory ofwas suggested the year before last year. The theory ofwas developed in the 1930s The theory ofwas elaborated in the early 70s. The theory ofwas proposed last year. The t
16、heory ofwas advanced as long ago as the 1860s.,（2）该理论的内容（特点）是, Underlying this theory is the idea that The underlying concept of this theory is The underlying principle of the theory is as follows This is an alternative theory that This is a similar theory to the effect that This is a working theory
17、 which is based on the idea that,（3）根据该理论，可得出, According to Bs theory both processes occur simultaneously. As follows from the theory by N, such situations lead to As can be seen from the theory and theory advanced bysuch interactions are the basis of In the light of the theory ,we have developed a
18、variation method to handle such problems. Based on the theory, the author has obtained sufficient information from recent experiments with,（4）该理论认为, The kinetic theory holds that This newly-developed theory maintains that The theory advanced byclaims that The theory of predicts that The principal co
19、ncept of the theory lies in The investigating theory,（5）应用该理论（不）能说明, We can interpret these findings in terms of the above theory. The theory developed byis valid (invalid) for other species. Xs theory proved to be true for all steps of These findings can be interpreted in terms of the above theory.
20、 Such phenomena cannot be explained on the basis of this theory. The theory can (not) apply to other cases of,四、“描述实验”的句式,描述实验过程的句式用语，顾名思义常用在与实验有关的段落之中。描述实验情况时的常用表达为“该项实验具体包括”，“到，从未有过该项实验研究”，“进行该项实验，以便检验”，“该项实验证实（未能证实），”等等。,（1）某项实验（所用设备）包括, The experiment consisted of three steps, which are describe
21、d in Table 3. The test equipment which was used consisted of five force-measuring transducers and two recording instruments furnished by Included in the experiment were a high- pressure vessel assembly, 2 UA 3 uranium analyzers, and a complete 1005050 cm soil bin. All high-pressure hydrogen creep ru
22、pture tests were carried out in specially designed high pressure equipment rated at,（2）到，从未有过某方面的实验, An experiment of the kind has not been made. The kind of experiment you have in mind has never been carried out until now. The kind of experiment you mentioned would not be undertaken in the near fut
23、ure. So far we have not performed any experiment of this kind. Until now the authors have not attempted any field experiments of However, no direct experimental measurements of this have been reported.,（3）进行该项实验，以检验, We (have) carried out several sets of experiments to test the validity of They unde
24、rtook many experiments to support the hypothesis which We initiated experiments to prove They have undertaken special experiments to disprove A number of experiments were performed to check Many studies have to be attempted to verify,（4）某项实验证实（未能证实）, Experiments by M and his associates (have) showed
25、 Recent experiments in this area (have) suggested that The present series of experiments (have) indicate(d) that The experiments reported here (have) demonstrate(d) These experiments involvingconfirm(ed) our evidence that Our experiments withfailed to prove,五、“介绍方法”的句式,介绍研究（实验）方法的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常见于摘要（
26、资料型摘要）、引言、实验描述及建议等部分。介绍研究方法时的常用表达如：“该方法首先由发明（使用）”，“该方法与其他方法有 差别”，“应用该方法可以进行工作”，“该方法称为”，“使用该方法已获得”等。,（1）该方法首先由发明（利用）, The method of was first developed by N. The method of was first applied by B. The method of was first used by A in the early XXth century. The method of was first brought into used by
27、 C. The method of came into use as long ago as 1920. The original proposal of this method was first made and published in 1963.,（2）该方法与其他方法有差别, The method of does not differ at all the routine one The method of we use differs greatly from the one used earlier. The method they developed is somewhat d
28、ifferent from the conventional one. The new technique is quite different from the old one. The newly-elaborated technique has something (nothing, little) in common with the one previously used. The method of deriving a program described here differs from previous practice in that,（3）应用该方法可以进行工作, The
29、 method allows us to demonstrate This technique enables us to observe The above procedure makes it possible to defect This method is capable of providing By the method we are able to investigate the insight of The method proves to be useful in,（4）该方法可称为（描述为）, The method used is known as The techniqu
30、e we applied is referred to as The procedure the followed can be briefly described as The approach adopted extensively is called Since the method was first put in use, we might as well name it as,（5）用该方法已获得 , We have obtained this information from recent experiments with Detailed information has bee
31、n acquisited by the authors using X-ray analysis. The researches have recorded valuable data using the newly-developed method. The experts in the research center are satisfactory with the experimental results achieved by the application of,六、“展示结果”的句式,展示研究结果的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常见于摘要、实验结果、结果与讨论及结论等部分。展示研究结
32、果时常用的表达有：“该项研究结果说明了”，“根据该项研究结果可以得出”，“该项工作提供了结果”，“该项实验取得了结果”，“概括了该项结果”等。,（1）该项研究说明（指出、揭示）了, The studies we have performed show(ed) that these particles are responsible for Their studies have confirmed the opinion that We carried out several studies which have demonstrated that the substance acts on T
33、he research we have done suggests an increase in The investigation carried out byhas revealed no resistance of Our research has supported the assumption that,（2）根据该项实验结果可得出, More recent experiments in this area lead us to conclude that the phenomenon is related to Most recent experiments to the same
34、 effect have led the authors to believe that the mechanism is out of action. Further experiments in this area have enabled these workers to suggest that As a result of our experiments, we concluded that From our experiments, the authors came to realize that From these experiments one can conclude th
35、at,（3）该项工作提供了（没有得出）结果, This fruitful work gives explanation of Their fundamental work provides some knowledge of The authors pioneer work has contributed to our present understanding of This joint work of many years has led to further progress in Our integrated work of the past few years adds to our
36、 current concept of The research work has brought about a discovery of,（4）该项实验（没有）取得结果, Some results ofare obtained in the experiment with Sufficient result forhas been observed with the new method Further progress can be provided by these experiments No clear advancement has (so far) been see in No
37、 direct outcome was then reported in No such finding could be available in No further result can be found with that technique.,（5）某图表总结了从得到的结果, Figure 3 shows the results obtained form studies of Table 5 presents the data provided by the experiments on This table summarized the data collect during t
38、he experiment of The results reported above have been shown in Figure1. Our experimental data briefly summarized as follows. Some of the authors findings are listed in tables.,七、“作出评价”的句式,研究成果评价的句型用语，在英语科学论文中常见于：摘要，讨论及结论等部分。从狭义上讲，研究成果评价是论文作者对自己所做工作的评价，从广义上讲，这种评价不仅限于对个人工作的评价，同时也包括作者对别人的评价，提出自己的观点和见解。
39、作出评价时，肯定和否定是两种最基本的评价。,常用句式, The authors work onhas been very successful Our work involving studies ofdid not prove to be encouraging. The new information has been insufficient to indicate that the change is dramatic. On of the assets of this technique is that it is very simple. The theory byseemed q
40、uite competent. We consider the new idea quite likely a suitable one,表示肯定评价的形容词,good, satisfactory, competent, convincing , adequate, reliable, correct, valid, helpful, fruitful, successful, stimulating, attractive, interesting, promising, exciting, careful;, profound, comprehensive, useful, encouraging, extensive, clear, sufficient, etc.,表示否定评价的形容词,deficient, faulty, inadequate, incomplete, unconvincing, unsatisfactory, meaningless, unreliable, incorrect, wrong, invalid, confusing, inexplicit, contradictory, controversial, divergent, puzzling, conflicting, ambiguous, insufficient, etc.,
