1、第一讲 句子的结构分析句子的划分I. 根据结构划分： 简单句S+V（主+谓）S+V+P(主+ 谓+表)S+V+O（主+ 谓+宾）S+V+o+O（主+ 谓+间宾+ 直宾）S+V+O+C（主+谓+ 宾+宾补）并列句 and, but, or复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）S+V 主语+ 谓语Eg: She smiles.S+V+P 主语 +系动词+表语Eg: The picture looks beautiful.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语Eg: I love you.S+V+o+O 主语+ 谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语Eg: The old man i
2、s telling the children stories in the long march.S+V+O+C 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语补足语Eg: We found him an honest person.区别：双宾语共同修饰动词的；宾补修饰的是宾语，可以和宾语构成“主+系+ 表”结构，如：We would like to make him our head.He is our head.1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语） 。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are America
3、n boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词 worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词 student) 2) 并列句：句型：简单句+ 并列
4、连词+ 简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.并列句的分类：1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then 等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有 or,
5、eitheror, otherwise 等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有 but, yet, while 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day
6、 I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。As is known to all, China is getting
7、 more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从句)Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where 引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercise: Join the following words into sentences.1. at, red, face, news, her, turned, the2. we, bus, catch, so as to, got up, first, the, early3. a, made, she, me, beautiful dress.4. hill, middle, a, th
8、ere, of, the, stands, in, park, the5. found, with, family, to, it, your, very, I, pleasant, be6. Ago, stopped, two, she, English, teaching, yearsSuggested answers: 1. Her face turned red at the news.2. We got up early so as to catch the first bus.3. She made me a beautiful dress.4. There stands a hi
9、ll in the middle of the park.5. I found it very pleasant to be with your family.6. She stopped teaching English two years ago.II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句一陈述句（五种句型）I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。I like ch
10、atting online.我喜欢网上聊天。Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。主语 谓语动词五种句型I am a webaholic表语Chatting on the internetis Interesting表语1.主+谓 +表Internet dating hurts 2.主+谓I like Chatting online宾语3.主+谓 +宾Chatting on the internetbri
11、ngs me间接宾语a lot of fun直接宾语4.主+谓 +间宾+直宾We can call Internet addicts宾语a webaholic宾语补足语5.主+谓 +宾语+宾补系词 be 它有三， am is are ，我（ I）用 am， you（你）用 are，is 用于他她它；单数 is，复数 are，. 常用作连系动词： 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. 看起来，好像：Appear, look, seem.
12、 感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.II. 代双宾语的动词“七给”一“带”to 不少,“买”画“制作”for 来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这 11 个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8 个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get
13、,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach 等。3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语 for 和 to 于直接宾语之后如：Richard made it for h
14、im。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我4、 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. 我问约翰I asked a question. 我问了一个问题I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce 等动词后必须跟介词 to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you e
15、xplain to us your point of view?6、 易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (错误）正确的说法：rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的还有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 从-中除去（不好的东西）supply sb with sth 供给某人某物provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remin
16、d sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况charge sb with sth 指责某人某事2.特殊疑问句你什么时候开始学英语？When you began to study English. Did you begin to study English?when did you begin to study English?你在想什么？WhatSomething is in your mind.Whats in your mind? 小结：用 who, what, where, which, when, why, how 提问。语序：疑问词+一般疑问句
17、 或 疑问词+ 谓语动词。More Practice：What time is convenient for you?你什么时候方便？Whats going on here?发生了什么事？/ 回事？3. 选择疑问句：Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？Did you speak to them, or did the manager?Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?1. 提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。2. 不用 Yes 或 no 来回答。3. 反意疑问句
18、1. 附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。2. 一般来说有两种形式：陈述肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?Boy: No Daddy.You have completed that job, havent you?You have not completed that job, have you?三祈使
19、句：1. 用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。2. 主语 You 常省略，只以动词原形开头。3. 一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets hope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.四感叹句：1. 主要由 what 和 how 来引导。2. What 结构主要有三种A What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分！W
20、hat a lovely boy he is!B. What + 形容词+ 不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！What foolish mistakes you have made.What nice weather (it is)!C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数！3. How 结构主要有三种：A. How+形容词/副词 +主谓部分How lovely the boy is!How fast the time flies!B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+ 主谓部分How lovely a boy he is!C. How+主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）How I hate exam! 我真烦考试！How he snores! 他鼾声如雷！III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句
