1、题型六 阅读理解,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势年份 体裁和话题 考查方式2016A记叙文：讲述了一个自己独立做了一辆模型车的小男孩的故事B广告图表：本文是美术博物馆的信息介绍C说明文：社会文化类阅读，介绍中国与西方国家宾主关系的差异细节理解题(52，53，54，56， 57， 58，59 ，60，61，62)，推理判断题(51，63) ，词义理解题(64)，主旨大意题 (55， 65)2015A记叙文：讲述期末考试时发生的一件事B广告图表：主要介绍Super International Crafts MarketC说明文：介绍了在选择工作时要考虑的三件事情细节理解题(51，52，53，54， 5
2、7， 58，59 ，60，61，62)，推理判断题(55，56，64) ，词义猜测题(63) ，标题归纳题(65)2014A记叙文：令作者难忘的一天B广告图表：介绍一个由青年探究协会开设的暑假三天探究大自然的活动C说明文：梦想不分老少细节理解题(56，57，58，59， 60， 61，64 ，65，66，67)，推理判断题(60，62，68) ，数字计算题(63) ，词义猜测题(69)，标题归纳题(70)2013A记叙文：介绍出国学习的方式寄宿在当地家庭中B广告图表：旅馆介绍C说明文：教育的目的细节理解题(56，57，58，61， 62， 63，65 ，67) 推理判断题 (59，64，66，
3、68) ，词义猜测题(69)，标题归纳题(70)2012A记叙文：一次野营及影响B广告图表：介绍狮子会自然教育中心C说明文：阅读习惯细节理解题(56，57，58，60， 61， 62，63 ，65，67) ，推理判断题(59 ，64，66，68) ，词义猜测题(69) ，标题归纳题(70)【规律总结】近五年A篇阅读文体主要为记叙文， B篇阅读均为广告图表，C篇阅读均为说明文；设题多为细节理解题和推理判断题，第68或69题通常为词义猜测题(2015年为63题，2016年为64题) ，第63题通常为数字计算题，70题通常为标题归纳题(2015为65题， 2016年为65题) ；设题形式以挖空型选择
4、为主；话题偏向教育、学习、职业、咨询建议和人生价值观等。【命题趋势及预测】体裁和话题：体裁主要为记叙文、广告图表和说明文，话题贴近学生生活。考查方式：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳和数字计算题。,解题方法与技巧阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能将各类阅读问题轻松搞定。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二
5、、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题判断得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题、数字计算题。三、重读原文，复核检查完成各小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。(2016河北中考)Let me tell you about a young boy who made a model car all
6、 on his own.The boy is me，six years ago when I was just 11.The car was small and simple，but in my imagination it was a highspeed racing car，speeding along the race road.It was during the school summer holidays and workmen were building a new driveway and garage(车库) beside our house.It meant to add s
7、omething new to our home.When I watched the workmen，I came up with an ideaI would build a car to drive into the garage in celebration of it.I told my mother and began with my plans.But I couldnt find the right things for making the car，so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing.My mothe
8、r noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why.I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had，rather than give up.And thats just what I did.I found small pieces of wood in my fathers workshop and made my car from anything that was lying around the hou
9、se.When I found a small engine(发动机) from one of my old model planes，I added that.The power came from a battery(电池) I found in a box.By the time the garage was finished，so was my car.I called my family together outside the house，started the engine and put the car on the driveway.It was fast，and I had
10、 to run to the garage to prevent it from hitting the new door.My family began to cheer and I smiled proudly.Thanks to my mother I learned the value of continuing to do things，especially something difficult.Soon I was making plans for my next project：a robot！( )1.The writer was _ when he made the mod
11、el car.Aa student Ba driver Ca workman Dan engineer( )2.The writer _ making the first planned car.Agave up B felt excited aboutCwas very busy Dspent several days( )3.To help the writer，his mother _Aexplained the plan to him Bbrought him to the workshopCgave him some suggestions Dfound him some piece
12、s of wood( )4.By the time the car was finished，_Athe writer thanked his mother B the family was called togetherCthe writer put it into the house Dthe family began a new project( )5.What did the writer mainly tell us?AKeep on doing things to the end. BThink hard before doing something.CAlways ask for
13、 help when in trouble. DTry the best to find the right things to do.【考点】人生感悟类阅读；内容归纳；文中细节。【主旨大意】本文叙述了一个小男孩在自己独立制作模型车的过程中感悟到了遇到困难的时候要坚持而不是放弃，从而学到了继续做事情的价值。1A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据“six years ago when I was just 11”和“It was during the school summer holidays”，可知 “六年前当我11岁的时候”和“在暑假里”，从这里可以判断作者当时应该是一个学生。故选A。2A 【解
14、析】细节理解题 。根据“But I couldnt find the right things for making the car，so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing”可知“但我找不到合适的东西来制造汽车，所以我放弃了，伤心地度过了几天什么都没做 ”，从这里可以看出一开始他放弃了制作第一辆车的计划。故选A 。3C 【解析】 细节理解题 。根据“I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had
15、，rather than give up”，可知“她建议我也许应该改变我的计划，用我所拥有的东西去做，而不是放弃”。故选C。4B 【解析】 细节理解题 。根据“By the time the garage was finished，so was my car.I called my family together outside the house”，可知“当车库完工的时候，我的车也完工了。我把家人都喊到了房子外面”。故选B。5A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Thanks to my mother I learned the value of continuing to do things， e
16、specially something difficult”，可知 “多亏我的母亲我学到了继续做事情的价值，特别是一些困难的事情”。从这里可以看出我们做任何事情都应该坚持不懈。故选A 。【点评】本题考查的是一篇人生感悟类阅读理解，首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，然后根据题干和选项选出正确答案，做完后要及时再检查一遍，查缺补漏。,考点：推理判断题方法突破：阅读时首先要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾问、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料
17、的实质性东西。考点：细节理解题方法突破：细节理解题要注意同义不同句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求考生根据对短文的理解，直接选出正确的答案，一般在通读文章后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层次理解题。考点：主旨大意题方法突破：从文中的首尾句(段) 寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文中的主旨大意。做主旨大意题，要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。不少文章一开头便展示出文中的主题。尤其是新闻报道之类
18、的，第一段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心含义。在文章的段落中往往由开头的一句作为主题句来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次( 主题句或主题段)、作者的写作目的等方面。要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、任务特征和环境特点等。,河北2016考点精练A篇 记叙文话题1 人物经历和感受Passage 1(2016路南区升学质检一)山中野营One day Kerrys dad asked her if she would like to go camping out
19、in the woods.Kerry was really happy about going camping，so she invited her best friend Jo to come over and go with her.Kerrys dad drove them to their camping area in the mountain.He showed Kerry and Jo how to set up a tent(帐篷) and then he took them on a hike.Kerry made sure to bring her camera.Befor
20、e they started，Kerrys dad said，“There are two rules.First，you must stay close to me.No running off on your own.Second，you each must find something special，something you cant get in the city. ”The first thing they saw were deer tracks(足迹)Jo remembered seeing tracks like these in the park near her hou
21、se.“Not special enough， ”said Jo.A little while later，Jo found a feather(羽毛) on the ground.Kerrys dad said that the feather belonged to a golden eagle(鹰) “We dont see it in the city，”said Jo.Kerry looked around for something special，too ，but she could not find anything.“Rocks are everywhere，”she tho
22、ught，“and we have trees and songbirds at home，too.”Finally they reached the camping area.“Well，Kerry，what did you find？”asked her dad.Kerry looked around the camp.She saw their sleeping bags rolled out in the tent and the stove(炉子) set up on a tree trunk.She looked at her dad and smiled.“I found thi
23、s beautiful picture.”With that，she held up her camera and took a picture of her dad and her friend smiling in front of the tent.( B )1.This story is mainly about _Aa picnic in the forestBcamping in the mountainCfriends in the cityDbuying a camera( C )2.Jo found a feather on the ground，which belonged
24、 to a _Awhite bird BsongbirdCgolden eagle Dwild cock( B )3.Which of the following caused Kerry to take a picture?AKerry saw a beautiful golden eagle flying over head.BKerry saw a perfect picture at the end of the hike.CKerry wanted Jo to have something special to take home.DKerry wanted her dad to t
25、ake a picture of her and Jo.( A )4.Jo thought that the feather was special because _Ashe could not find it in the cityBshe thought it would bring her good luckCit would remind her of a special birdDshe would beat Kerry in the contest( C )5.What special thing did Kerry find?ADeer tracks. BSome songbi
26、rds.CA beautiful picture. DA big rock.话题2 动物的启示Passage 2(2016河北升学四模)更新我们自己Sarah ran in，shouting，“Look what I found！”Over the top of the paper I was reading，came a terrible thing that caused me to jump.It was a snake skin found in our garden.“Isnt it beautiful？”said my sevenyearold daughter.I opened
27、my eyes widely and looked at the snake skin in fear.I didnt think it was beautiful，but I learned never to appear nonchalant(冷漠的) with children.Everything they see for the first time is important to their sense of beauty；they see only excellence in the world.“Why does it do this？”Sarah asked.“Snakes
28、shed(蜕) their skins because they need to renew themselves，”I explained.“Why do they need to renew themselves？”Sarah asked.“We often need to shed our skins，those coatings that we cover ourselves with，”I said to my daughter.“We leave some things and find other things unwanted or unnecessary.This snake
29、 no longer needs this skin.It is probably too little for him，and he probably doesnt think he looks as smart in it as he once did.”As we talked，I knew that she began to understand.Although she couldnt understand clearly，she would know that renewal is part of progress that we need to take a good look
30、at ourselves，our rooms，schoolwork and spirit，and see what we need to keep and what we need to leave.I was careful to tell that this is a natural way，not one to be forced.“Snakes dont peel off their skins when they like them，”I explained，“It happens as a natural thing of their growth.”“I see，Dad，”sai
31、d Sarah as she held the snake skin，and then ran off.I hoped she would remember this，we need to throw some away because they are worthless or unnecessary.Then we can store them as memories in our deep hearts.( B )1.Father jumped up when his daughter came to him with a snake skin because _Ahe didnt wa
32、nt to read anymoreBhe was in great fear of itChe wanted to praise his daughterDhe hated snakes( B )2.Fathers patient explanation shows that _Ahis daughter didnt want to listen to him at allBhe knew children saw only excellence in the worldChis daughter couldnt follow him at allDhe wanted to teach ev
33、erything to his daughter( C )3.The underlined word “renew” means“_”in the passage.Abeginning to do something againBmaking something newer than beforeCreplacing something old with something new来源:学优高考网Dcovering something old with something new( A )4.We learn from the passage that _Athe girl seemed to
34、 understand what her father saidBthe girl wasnt interested in the explanationCthe father was good at raising snakesDthe father liked the snake skin better( B )5.Which is the best title for the passage?ASnake Skin BRenew OurselvesCFather and Girl DGreat Discovery话题3 文化信息Passage 3(2016张家口升学二模)接受惩罚When
35、 someone says “Well，I guess Ill have to face the music”，it doesnt mean that he is planning to go to a concert or hear a singer.It is something far less happy，as you are called in by your leader to explain why you did this and did that or why you did not do this or that.At some time or another，every
36、one of us has to “face to music”，especially as children.We can all remember fathers angry words“I want to talk to you”and only because we did not listen to him.What a terrible thing it was!In the middle or at the end of every term，we students have to “face the music”The result of the exam will decid
37、e whether we will“face the music”or not.If that means parents cold faces and the laugh of the classmates.The expression “face the music” is wellknown to every American，young or old.It is at least 100 years old.Where did it come from?James Fennimore Cooper，an American writer，said in 1851 that the exp
38、ression was first used by actors while waiting to go on stage.After they got their clue(提示) to go on，they often said，“Its time to go to face the music.”And that was exactly what they did face the orchestra(管弦乐队) which was just below the stage.An actor might be worried or nervous as he moved on to th
39、e stage in front of the audiences that might be friendly or perhaps unfriendly especially if he forgot his lines.But he had to go out.So，“face the music” came to mean that you have to go through something，no matter how unpleasant the experience might be，because you knew you had no choice.Sour music，
40、indeed ，but it has to be faced.( C )1.If you didnt listen to your father，he would _Ado something to please youBdo something interesting insteadCbe angry with youDbe pleased with you( A )2.In the third paragraph，“If” really means “If _”Awe are not the bestBwe get an “A” in the examCthe exam is easyDt
41、he exam is difficult( C )3.The phrase “face the music” was first used by _Aall the AmericansBan American writerCsome American actorsDthe American orchestra( D )4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A“Face the music” is wellknown in the United States.B“Face the music” has a hi
42、story of more than 100 years.C“Face the music” means “do something we dont like to”DWhen your leader is pleased with you，you will “face the music”( D )5.The passage is mainly about _Ahow to enjoy musicBhow to go through difficultyChow to deal with something unpleasantDthe phrase “face the music” in
43、America话题4 哲理故事Passage 4(2016石家庄28中九年级模拟)财富、成功和爱A woman saw three old men sitting in her front yard.She invited them to come in to have a cup of tea though she did not know them.“We do not go into a house together though we are thirsty，”they replied.The woman asked why.One of the old men told her th
44、at the two of his friends names were Wealth and Success.And he also told her that his name was Love.Then he added，“Now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home.”The woman went in and told her husband what had happened.Her husband was very happy to hear that.“How nice
45、！” he said，“Let Wealth come in，then our family will be even richer！”His wife disagreed and said，“My dear，why not invite Success？”“Wouldnt it be better to invite Love？Our home will be filled with love then，”their daughter gave her own suggestion.“Lets accept our daughters suggestion，”said the husband
46、 to his wife，“Go out and invite Love to be our guest.”Love got up and walked into the house，followed by the other two.The woman was very surprised and asked Love， “I have only invited you，but why have the other two also come in？You said you wouldnt go into a house together，did you？”The old men repli
47、ed together，“If you invite Wealth or Success，the other two of us will stay out.But since you invite Love，wherever he goes ，we go with him.Wherever there is Love，there are also Wealth and Success！”( A )1.The woman asked the three men to come in and have something to drink because _Ashe was a warmhear
48、ted womanBthey were her neighborsCthey asked her to do itDthey were her friends( C )2.From the third paragraph，we can see _Athe husband argued with his wifeBthe woman never listened to her husbandCthey accepted their daughters suggestionDthe family was very poor at that time( C )3.If the woman invites Success，_AWealth and Love will leave her front yardBshe will treat the three men with three cups of teaCWealth and Love will not enter her houseDher husband will get angry with her( D )4.Which is NOT true according to the passage?AThe husband wanted to be rich.BThe woman wanted to be successf
