1、专题五 介词和介词短语,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求 介词和介词短 语考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值介词辨析2016 28 with表工具 at/into/on/with 1分2012 28 时间介词 in/on/to/by 1分固定搭配2014 28 固定搭配 at/as/for/with 1分2013 28 固定搭配 in/at/on/for 1分2012 54 介词短语at last/at most/at_first/at least1分介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用写)，at age数字( 在岁时)，be dif
2、ferent from(不同于 )。同时也注重 on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at ，for，to，by，of等。设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为912。另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of 等。此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)， think about(考虑) 等。预测2017年河北中考的单项选择仍会与2016年保持一致，对介词考查不会有太大变化。,河北中考重
3、难点突破介词【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法1at，on，in介词 用法 举例at时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点”。 at half past ten在十点半 at one oclock在一点某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。 at Christmas在圣诞节at the Spring Festival在春节习惯用法和固定搭配。来源:gkstk.Comat last在最后at first起初at lunch在午饭时间at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在岁时at the end of在最后on表示具体的某日(月份或星期)。 on September 1st 在9
4、月 1号on Mondays/weekdays在星期一 /工作日表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上。on Saturday morning/after-noon在周六早上/下午；on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨具体( 限定)的日子或节日的当天。 on National Day在国庆节on Christmas Day在圣诞节in较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月份等)。in the 21 century在21世纪in 2009在2009年in summer在夏季in July of 2015在2015年7月泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。in the morning/aftern
5、oon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天习惯搭配。in the future在将来in the end最后in class在课堂上in a minute一分钟后口诀记忆年月周前要用in ，具体日子却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用 in；要说某日上下午，用 on替换in 才行；午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用 in，at也在时分前。2in，after ， before介词 用法 举例in “in时间段”表示“(将来)以后”。They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。after与将来时连用表示“之后”，后接时间点。Hell
6、come back after two oclock.他两点后将回来。与过去时连用表示“之后”，后接时间段。He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。before 表示“在之前”。 Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法1at，in，on介词 用法 例句at用于较小的场所前 (如：建筑物，公共机关等 )。at home在家at the station在车站用于门牌号码前。 at 403 Avenue Street在403林荫街道in用于较大的地方前 (如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等
7、)。来源:gkstk.Comin the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：)。in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些习语中。 in the sky在天空上in space在空间on与表面相接触 (即：)。on the floor在地板上来源:gkstk.Com在任何广阔的面上。 on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，under，above，below介词 用法 图示 例句over “在正上方”，表示两者不接触。We can build a bridge over the r
8、iver.我们可以在河上建一座桥。under “在正下方”，表示两者不接触。My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。below“在的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法介词 用法 例句with后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，指“借助于，用”，后面跟人称代词时表示“和一起”，
9、表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。此外，with还可以表示“带有，具有”。I often do my home work with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词。Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。by 表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不 加冠词。 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器， 在名词前一般加定冠词 the。I could do all m
10、y work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。四、其他常见介词的用法1over “遍及；超过” 如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。2against “反对”如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。3into“在里”如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。4from
11、“从”如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。5for“为，给”如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。6of“的”如：a map of China一幅中国地图7without“没有”如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。8to“给，对，到，往”如：go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园【考点抢测】( C )1.(2016石家庄
12、42中模拟)It is really terrible _ me to wait for a long time _ a rainy night.Aof；on Bof；atCfor； on D for；at( A )2.(2016石家庄 18县市大联考)Would you like some coffee?Yes， and please get me some milk.I prefer coffee _ milk.Awith BtoCof Dfor( D )3.(2016裕华区中考模拟 )What are Japanese supposed to do when they meet _ fi
13、rst time?They are supposed to bow.Afor BonCamong Dat( B )4.(2016石家庄28中模拟)We should thank our moms every day，not just _ Mothers Day.Ain BonCto Dby( B )5.(2016邯郸升学一模)Our future depends _ ourselves.Aat B onCin Dfor( A )6.(2016桥西区中考模拟 )I dont want to miss seeing that film _ television tonight.Aon BatCin
14、 Dwith( B )7.(2015张家口9中模拟)Most of my classmates go to school _ bike.Aat B byCon Din介词短语【满分点拨】介词名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work 在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同时； at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while过了一会by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time
15、到时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后； in order整整齐齐；in order to以便； in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English 用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future ( 整个)将来；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on
16、fire着火；on duty 值日；on the other hand另一方面on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船( 飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打) 电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/ 右边；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy w
17、ith忙于做；be good at擅长于；be full of充满be excited about对感到兴奋；be kind to对和善； be interested in对感兴趣be famous for因而著名； be late for迟到；be popular with受 欢迎be pleased with对感到满意；be proud of对感到骄傲；be ready for为准备好；be satisfied with对 满意；be worried about为担心动词介词agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with 以开始；come from出生，来自；call
18、at探访die of死于；get on/off 上车/下车；fillwith 用装；fall off从 落下hear from 收到 (某人)的信；hear of 听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school 去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾listen to听讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给；worry about担心laugh at嘲笑；fall beh
19、ind落在后面；knock at敲介词名词介词at the foot of在脚下；on the top of 在顶端；in the middle of在中间；in the front of在前面；in the east of在 东部；by means of 借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到为止；at the age of在岁时；at the head of在前头【考点抢测】( A )1.Welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen._ start with，Id like to introduce mysel
20、f.ATo BAt CWith DOn( B )2.The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded _ the end.Aat B in Con Dby( B )3.David suddenly felt nervous._ all，it was his first time to go on stage.AAt BAfter CBy D In( A )4.The charity provides homeless people _ food and clothes.Awith Bfor Cas Dto( C )5.H
21、earing from this good news，her eyes are filled _ tears.Aon Bat Cwith Din( A )6.The coat is made _ animals fur.That is cruel.Aof Bfor Cfrom D in,河北中考考点精练( A )1.(2016盐城中考 )The 3D film The Angry Birds opened in Chinese cinemas_May 20，2016.Aon Bat Cin D to( C )2.(2016威海中考改编 )Id like to hold our next mee
22、ting_June 23rd.Is that OK for you?Ain Bat Con Dfrom( A )3.(2016株洲中考改编 )Her birthday is_winter，the most beautiful season in a year.Ain BatCon Dbetween( B )4.(2016十堰中考)Prime Minister Li Keqiang arrived in Shiyan_May 23nd，2016.Aat B on Cin Dfrom来源:学优高考网( A )5.(2016丹东中考 )Some people are used to getting
23、up late_a cold morning.Aon Bin Cat Dof( D )6.(2016黔南中考 )Would you please provide us_some information about the accident?Sure.It happened_the morning of June 5th.Ato；on Bfor；inCwith；in Dwith；on( C )7.(2016黄冈中考 )Junior high school days will be over_a week.How are you feeling?Im trying to keep my cool
24、because weve been together_three years.Ain；in Bfor ；inCin；for Dfor；for( B )8.(2016呼和浩特中考)Im looking after Tom today.Hes been in my house_8：00 this morning.Aat B since Cfor Dtill( B )9.(2016昆明中考)Shanghai Disneyland opened_June 16th，2016.We are thirsty to go.Ain Bon Cat DOf来源:gkstk.Com( C )10.(2016东营中
25、考)Stephen Hawking got more than 380，000 followers in two hours_first message on Weibo.Abefore B since Cafter D until( C )11.(2015石家庄 20中模拟)The traffic accident happened_Saturday.Luckily，no one was hurt.Aat B in Con Dfor( D )12.(2015衡水三模 )Kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal，_a bird on h
26、is head.Afrom BintoCabout Dwith( C )13.(2015保定二模)The birds singing came into our room_the window and woke me up in the early morning.Adown BfromCthrough Dacross( D )14.(2015张家口中考模拟)Healthy eating_regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.Aless than Binstead ofCsuch as Dtogether with( B )15.(2015保
27、定实验中学中考模拟)Well play basketball_Class 3 tomorrow.Aover BagainstCto Dfor( D )16.(2015承德 2中模拟)The blind man walked across the street_the help of a boy.Aby Bat Cin Dwith( D )17.(2016保定 8中模拟)This photo reminded the old man_the days when he was young.Awith Bfor Cby Dof( C )18.(2017原创预测 )_our surprise.MH37
28、0 has not been found since it was lost on March 8，2014.AWith BIn CTo DBy( A )19.(2017原创预测 )Some workers in that factory have to work_night.Aat B forCwith Damong ( A )20.(2017原创预测)Everyone wants to win.But_me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.Aas for B thanks toCinstead of Dsuch as
