1、Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?Section A知能新视窗本节主要通过了解香蕉混合饮料和水果沙拉的制作过程，学习食物制作的过程和方法。同时学习听从指令的祈使句和可数名词与不可数名词的区别。名师开小灶1. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。(1) 这是一个祈使句。表示命令、请求、劝告、建议等语气的句子称作祈使句，它的结构与陈述句一样，但主语往往省略。另外，祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。祈使句的否定一般在谓语动词前加 Dont，有时也可用 Never。如：Be careful! 当心！Listen to
2、the tape and answer my questions. 听录音然后回答我的问题。Lets discuss it. 我们来讨论一下。Dont read in the sun. 别在阳光下看书。Never be late again next time. 下次决不要迟到。(2) turn on 是一个“动词+副词”构成的短语，意思是“打开（电灯、自来水、煤气等）”。如：There is a football game on TV. Please turn it on. 有一场足球赛，请把电视打开。I want to listen to music. Could you turn on
3、the radio?【辨析】turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down这四个都是“动词+副词”构成的短语，都与“电器、开关”有关，但 turn on 意思是“打开”，turn off 意思是“关闭，关掉”，turn up 意思是“开大，调高”，turn down意思是“关小，调低”。如：The music is too loud. Please turn it down. 音乐太吵人了，请调低点音吧。【金钥匙】“动词+副词”构成的短语，当接代词作宾语时，代词只能放在动词与副词之间。【拓展】与 turn 有关的短语：turn left / right 向左/右转
4、turn green 变绿 turninto把变成turn to翻到 turn over 翻转 turn in 上交2. Cut up the bananas. 把香蕉切碎。cut up 意为“切碎”，相当于 cut into piece，是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语。如：Please cut up the apples. 请把苹果切碎。【链接】“动词+副词”构成的短语：put on 穿上 give up 放弃 take out 取出 give back 归还write down 写下 cut down 砍倒 give away 赠送 take off 脱下3. Pour the milk
5、 into the blender. 把牛奶倒进果汁机里。pour 作动词，意为“倾，倒”。pourinto意思是“往倒，把倒进里”。pour sb. sth. 或 pour sth. for sb. 意思是“为某人倒”。如：Can I pour you a cup of tea? 我可以给你倒一杯茶吗？The factory is pouring waste water into the river. 那家工厂正把污水放进河里。4. Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender. 把香蕉和冰激凌放入搅拌器。put 是动词，意思是“放，加入”。p
6、utinto 意思是“把放入里，把翻译成”。如：He put some sugar into the coffee. 他在咖啡里放一些糖。Can you put the sentence into English? 你能把这个句子译成英语吗？【链接】与 put 有关的短语：put away 放好，把收好 put off 拖延，延期put on 穿上 put together 放在一起put up 举起，建造，张贴 put down 放下，记下5. How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少香蕉？How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶
7、？(1) how many, how much 意思都是“多少”，前者后接可数名词，后者后接不可数名词。如：How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人？How much money do you have? 你有多少钱？(2) need 在此句中作行为动词。当 need 作行为动词使用，有人称和数的变化，后可接名词、代词、动名词及带 to 的动词不定式，可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。如：She needs three books. 她需要三个本子。The bike needs mending. = The bike needs to be
8、 mended. 自行车需要修理一下。I dont need to see the doctor. 我不需要看医生。Do you need to go now? 你需要现在去吗？【拓展】 need 作名词，表示“需要，必要”，无复数形式。但有时与 a 连用，后面可接不定式及 for 或 of 引出的短语。如：There is no need for you to come. 不需要你来。They all feel a need for a good teacher. 他们都觉得需要一位好老师。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 need 作情
9、态动词，无人称和数的变化，后接不带 to 的动词不定式（即动词原形），多用于否定句和疑问句中。如：You neednt worry about your study. 你不必担心你的学习。Need I go with you? 需要我和你一起去吗？【金钥匙】由 need 引出的一般疑问句，肯定答语常用 must 或 have to；否定答语用neednt。如：Need I answer the question? 我需要回答那个问题吗？Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的，你必须回答。No, you neednt. 不，不必了。6. We need one
10、 cup of yogurt. 我们需要一杯酸奶。英语中，不可数名词不能在其前直接用数量修饰，为了表示“数量”，常用“基数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如：one cup of tea. 一杯茶 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶three bottles of apple juice 三杯苹果汁【金钥匙】 “量词”可以有复数形式。 可数名词也可以用此形式。如：four kilos of oranges 四公斤橘子【拓展】不可数名词与可数名词不可数名词指物体的数量不可数，没有单复数之分，也不能直接在词前直接加冠词a 或 an。表示不可数名词的数量时可以在词前加相应的量词短语
11、，如：a piece of （一片，一块，一条）， a cup of （一杯），a teaspoon of (一茶匙)等，也可用下面的词来修饰，如：much (许多), a little (一点), little (很少), lots of (许多), a lot of (许多), some (一些), any (一些)。可数名词指物体的数量可数，有单复数之分，在单数名词前可以直接用 a 或 an 修饰，也可以用其他的基数词修饰，还可以用 many (许多), a few (几个), few (很少), some (一些), any (一些), a lot of (许多), lots of (
12、许多)等修饰。 规则变化的可数名词复数的构成方法：a. 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：mapmaps pencilpencils bookbooksb. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：busbuses boxboxes watchwatches dishdishesc. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，先将 y 改为 I，再加-es。如：familyfamilies citycities countrycountiesd. 以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，把-f 或-fe 改为 v，再加-es。如：knifeknives leafleavese. 以辅音字母+o
13、结尾的名词，在词尾后加-es。（photo 除外）如：tomatotomatoes heroheroes7. Finally, mix it all up. 最后，把所有的都混和起来。(1) finally 作副词，意为“最后，终于”。相当于 in the end 或 at last。如：The car didnt work. We had to walk home finally. 车子坏了，最后我们只好走回家。【辨析】finally, at last, in the end finally 只指一系列事物或论点的顺序，一般不带感情色彩。如：He spoke at the meeting f
14、inally. 他在会上最后发言。 at last 有时可与 finally 互换，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，因而带有较浓厚的感情色彩，如不耐烦、放心、如愿等。如：I have obtained my wish at last. 我的愿望终于实现了。 in the end 指经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后，某事才发生。还可用于预卜未来。如：He bought the house in the end. 他终于买下了这栋房子。(2) mix 作及物动词，意为“使混和”。mix up 是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，意思是“混合起来”，是指把两个或两个以上的东西混合起来，有“混乱，杂”的意
15、思。如：Dont mix up all the clothes. 别把衣服搞混了。If you mix red and white, you will make pink. 如果你把红色和白色掺起来，就会酿成粉红色。实战演练场夯实基础一、将下列名词分类。1. 可数名词：_2. 不可数名词：_3. 既可作可数 _也可作不可数_二、用 how many, how much 填空。milk, banana, ice cream, yogurt, salt, apple, watermelon, honey, orange, beef, noodle, tomato, popcorn, ingredi
16、ent, ,salad1. _ bananas do we need?2. _ yogurt do you need?3. _ tomatoes would you like?4. _ milk is there in the glass?5. _ honey do you add into the milk shake?6. _ salt do you put in the noodles?三、选用方框内的动词的适当形式填空。1. How long does it _ to get to school?2. I cant come. I _ a really busy day.3. Mr.
17、Green likes to _ sandwiches with lettuce.4. Lets _ some bananas before eating it.5. _ some more salt to the popcorn, please.6. You have to _ the banana before eating it.7. Can you help me _ these tomatoes?8. Dont _ waste water (废水) into the river.9. Next you need to _ all these things into the blend
18、er.10. Finally, _ on the blender and youll get some fruit salad.四、根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 到新闻联播的时间了，请打开电视机。Its time _ CCTV News. Please _ _ the TV set.2. 我们需要多少杯酸奶？_ _ _ _ yogurt do we need?3. 让我们制作水果色拉吧。Lets _ _ _.4. 请把西红柿和牛肉切碎。Please _ _ the tomatoes and beef.5. 请把蜂蜜和牛奶混合起来。Please _ honey and milk _.五、句型转换。
19、1. Put the butter on the bread. (改为否定句)_ _ the butter on the bread.2. There are two glasses of honey in the bottle. (就划线部分提问)_ _ glasses of honey _ _ in the bottle?3. I need one teaspoon of salt. (就划线部分提问)_ _ salt _ you _?4. There is a bottle of water. (改为复数)There _ some _ of water.5. You should dri
20、nk some hot tea with honey. (改为祈使句)_ _ hot tea with honey.能力提高六、补全对话。A: Lets 1._ fruit salad.B: OK. Good 2._. Do you have the ingredient?A: Yes, I do. We have bananas, watermelons, apples and yogurt.B: How 3._ bananas, apples and watermelons do we need?A: Three bananas, two apples and one watermelon
21、. And we 4._ two teaspoons of yogurt.B: 5._ do you make fruit salad?A: First, 6._ the bananas and apples. 7._, cut up the bananas put, pour, have, take, add, make, eat, turn, peel, cutand apples and the watermelons. Put them 8._ a bowl. Then, put in two teaspoons of yogurt. 9._, mix it all 10._.B: O
22、K. I think its very delicious.Section B知能新视窗本节继续学习可数名词和不可数名词，谈论个人所喜欢的食物，并学会如何制作这些食物，掌握制作这些食物的操作过程。名师开小灶1. Do you like lettuce in sandwiches? 你喜欢加生菜的西红柿吗？like 作动词，意为“喜欢”，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式作宾语。如：Do you like hamburgers? 你喜欢汉堡包吗？The dress looks nice, I like it. 这裙子看起来很漂亮，我喜欢它。Do you like swimming? 你喜欢游泳
23、吗？Do you like to go shopping? 你喜欢去购物吗？【金钥匙】like to do sth. 表示目前或较近时间内喜欢做某事，着重强调一次动作；like doing sth.表示爱好、习惯，强调经常、习惯的动作。如：Do you like watching TV? 你喜欢看电视吗？Do you like to play basketball this afternoon? 今天下午你喜欢踢足球吗？【拓展】like 作介词，意为“像”，常和系动词连用。如：She is like her sister. 她像她的姐姐。He looks like his father. 他看
24、起来像他的父亲。2. Put some relish on a slice of bread. 将一些佐料放在一片面包上。slice 是量词，常与数词及 of 一起用来表示名词的数量。表达复数概念时，slice 变为复数，不可数名词不变。如：two slices of bread 两片面包【金钥匙】当 of 后为可数名词时，该可数名词通常用复数。如：a basket of eggs 一篮子鸡蛋3. First, put the butter on a slice of bread. 首先将黄油抹在一片面包上。(1) first 作副词，意思是“第一次，最初地，首先”，可放在句前，也可放在句尾。
25、序数词用作副词或作表语时，前面不加冠词。如：Ill tell you how to use the computer first. 我先告诉你如何使用电脑。Meimei comes to school first every day. 梅梅每天最先到学校。(2) first 用作序数词，意为“第一”，其前一般要加冠词 the，但序数词前若有物主代词时，则不用 the。如：He is the first student to come to class. 他是第一个到班的学生。My first vacation was spent in Beijing. 我的第一个假期是在北京度过的。4. Th
26、en cut up an onion and a tomato. 然后切碎一个洋葱和一个西红柿。(1) then 意为“然后”，与 next 意思基本相同，但 next 更强调“接着做某事”，而then 则着重于表示“下一个动作在之后”，常与 and 连用。如：He did his homework, and then he watched TV for an hour. 他先做作业，然后看一个小时的电视。(2) 本句中的洋葱和西红柿都是不确定的，所以用不定冠词修饰。【辨析】冠词 an / a 与 one 的区别 a 用在辅音开头的单数名词前；an 用在元音开头的单数名词前；one 用在任何单
27、数名词前。如：My father is a doctor, but my mother is an nurse. 我父亲是一位医生，妈妈是一位护士。Could you give me one glass of water? 你能给我一杯水吗？ a / an 作为冠词，主要强调事物所属的类别；而 one 作为数词则强调数量。如：Do you have a pen pal? 你有笔友吗？I can see one bird in the tree. 我可以看见树上有一只鸟。 one 可以作代词，复数形式是 ones。如：I dont like this one. 我不喜欢这一个。5. Finall
28、y, put another slice of bread on the top. 最后，把另一片面包话在项上。another 表示“又一，另一”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个，是一个不确定的概念。如：Would you like another cake? 你想再要一块蛋糕吗？【辨析】another, the otheranother 和 the other 均可表示“另一个”，但前者每时同类人或事物不确定数目中的另一个，后者指两个人或物中的另一个。如：I dont like this shirt. Please show me another one. 我不喜欢这件衬衫，请给我看看另的。I
29、have two rulers. One is red, the other is blue. 我有两把尺。一把是红色的，另一把是蓝色的。【金钥匙】another 一般后只接单数名词，但其后可接带有 few 或数词的复数名词。如：Shes going to stay in Beijing for another few days. 她将在北京再呆几天。 more 也有“又，再”的意思，其结构为“数词+more+名词”，这与 another 的结构“another + 数词+名词”不同。如：Shes going to stay in Beijing two more days. 她将在北京再呆两
30、天。6. Heres a recipe for a great turkey sandwich! 这是美味火鸡三明治的菜谱！(1) 这是一个倒装句。当副词位于句首时，句子需用倒装语序，即谓语位于主语之前。如：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。(2) 当主语为人称代词时，则不需要用倒装语序。如：Here you are. 给你。实战演练场夯实基础一、 将下列各词分类。Vegetable: _Fruit: _Meat: _Food: _Others: _bread, butter, tomato, relish, onion, turkey, lettuce, sandwich,
31、banana, beef, noodle, orange二、根据汉语及句意完成单词。1. How do you make a milk _ (混合饮料)?2. Put the apples into the _ (榨汁机).3. Before using the cell phone, please read the _ (说明) carefully.4. Would you like some _ (三明治)?5. You should put a little _ (黄油) on the bread?6. Salt is a kind of _ (调味品).7. On Thanksgivi
32、ng Day, Americans often like to eat _ (火鸡) as a big meal.8. Zhang Li beat Liu Fang in the tennis _ (最后).9. The girl became a _ (超级的) singer.10. We can see the whole city on the _ (顶部) of the building (建筑物).三、翻译下列短语。1. 一汤匙酸奶 _ 2. 两片面包_3. 三碗面条 _ 4. 四杯茶 _5. 五包盐 _ 6. 六瓶牛奶_7. 七盒铅笔 _ 8. 八公斤鸡蛋_9. 九杯水 _ 10.
33、 十篮橘子_四、单项选择。( ) 1. _ slices of bread do you need?A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How often( ) 2. Its good to have _ every day.A. two glass of milk B. two glasses of milksC. two glasses of milk D. two glass of milks( ) 3. Do you like lettuce _ sandwiches?A. in B. on C. to D. for( ) 4. Here is
34、 a recipe _ a great turkey sandwich!A. at B. to C. for D. in( ) 5. British people eat _ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways. A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken能力提高五、补全对话。A: How do you 1._ a turkey sandwich?B: Well. 2. _ put some butter on a slice of bread.A: How 3._ butter?B: Oh, abou
35、t a teaspoon. 4._ cut up some tomatoes. Maybe one is enough(足够的). Put it on the sandwich. 5._ cut up an onion, too A: Sounds good. How 6._ the turkey?B: Put all three 8._ of turkey on the sandwich.A: OK. Is that all?B: Not quite. Put some relish on the turkey.A: How 8._?B: Two teaspoons should be 9.
36、_ it. And dont forget the lettuce. 10._, put another slice of bread on the top.六、阅读填词。请根据表格中提示的信息，做一个美味的水果乃昔。Make a fruit milk shakeIngredients Amountapple juice half a cupbanana onestrawberry one and a half cupsice cream one teaspoonDo you know how to make a fruit milk shake? If you dont know, let
37、me tell you. First, you have to peel a 1._ and cut it up. Next, cut the 2._ into pieces. We need 3._ of them. Then you have to put the 4._, 5._ and 6._ of apple juice into the blender. Then 7._ the blender for about five minutes. Finally, you can pour the mixture (混合物) into the glass and enjoy it. Y
38、ou can put 8._ ice cream into the blender after you put apple juice into it.Self Check知能新视窗本节主要复习动词及短语动词的用法，复习祈使句的结构及用法。了解食物的制作过程，并学习写出操作过程。名师开小灶1. I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。本句表示请求，need 也可以用 want，但二者是有区别的。(1) 两者都可以表示“需要，要”，后面接名词、代词或数词。如：He needs / wants some more water. 他需要多喝水。(2)两者后都可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意
39、义，或直接用不定式的被动形式。如：The desk needs / wants repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。(3) need 可以用作情态动词，而 want 不可以。如：You neednt put every sentence into Chinese. 你不必把每句话都译成汉语。(4) want 可以接复合宾语，need 则不可以。He wanted you to ring him up. 他想要你打电话给他。(5) help 的用法： 作名词时是不可数名词，意思是“帮助”。如：Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 作动词时是及物动词，意思是“帮助”
40、。如：Dont worry. I can help you. 别担心，我能帮助你。【链接】与 help 有关的短语：help oneself (to)请随便 th ones help 在某人的帮助下help sb. with sht. 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事2. First, check you have all the ingredients. 首先，检查你所有的原料。(1) check 作动词，意思是“检查，检验，核对”。后可直接接名词、代词作宾语，也可接宾语从句。如：Check your answer, please. 请核对你们的答案。Y
41、ou should check whether you have answered all the questions. 你应该检查你是否答完了所有题。(2) ingredient 是可数名词，意为“原料，材料”.(3) all 在此作形容词，用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词，一般放在定冠词 the、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之前。如：He ate all his vegetables. 他把蔬菜都吃完了。We walked all the way. 我们一路上都是步行。【拓展】all 作代词，意为“全部，全体”，反义词是 none。在句子中作同位语时可位于系动词 be、情态动词或助动词之后，
42、行为动词之前。如：All of us are going to see the game. 我们都去看比赛。Thats all. 完了。We are all at school today. 今天我们大家都在学校。We all study hard. 我们大家都努力学习。与 all 有关的短语：all right.行，好吧 all over 遍及 not at all 一点也不 all the same 仍然after all 毕竟 in all 总共【金钥匙】all 作主语时，all 的数取决于 of 之后的名词或代词的数。实战演练场夯实基础一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1. My mothe
43、r asked me to buy some _ (salt).2. Can you make _ (fruit) salad?3. We need two _ (teaspoon) of honey.4. How many _(tomato) are there on the table?5. I have a glass of milk and three _ (slice) of bread.二、从方框中选出合适的词并用正确形式填空。1. You must _ the banana before you eat it.2. Please _ your answers to the que
44、stions.3. What will it be like if you _ the colors?4. Can you _ the TV? The match is going to be on.5. Its too salty. Please _ a little water.6. _ the honey into the bowl.7. You have to _ apples when you make a fruit salad.三、单项选择。( ) 1. _ milk do you usually drink every morning?A. How much B. How many C. How long D. How soon( ) 2. Which vegetable do you like _, lettuce or cabbages?A. well B. better C. go
