1、2010 年中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells?【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 in fact 其实；实际上 run out of 用完；用尽by the way 顺便；附带说说 be interested in 对感兴趣more than 比多 make a list of 列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事II. 重要句型 1. How long have you been doing? 2. Ive been do
2、ingsince3. How long did sb. do? 4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start?7. How many do you have? 8. What do you like to collect in the future? 9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?III. 交际用语 学会如何询问某人的某个动作进行了多久了，并知道如何回答。IV. 重要语法 现在完成进行时How long have you be
3、en skating?I have been skating for two hours.I have been skating since two hours ago.【课文解析】1. since 的用法：(1)conj(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时) 自从以来；以后。egIt was years since l had seen her自从我见到她(到那时) 又过去好几年了。his just a week since we arrived here我们到这儿刚好有一周了。(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首) 既然；因为egSince he says so，it
4、must be true 既然他这么说，那一定是真的。(2)prep 自以来egI have lived here since childhood自小我就住在这儿。He hasnt been home sincel9931993 年以来他还没有回过家。(3)adv学优中考网 (与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来 egHe left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since他 1985 年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。以前(4)构成短语：ever since 从那以后(一直)long since 很久以前；早已2. since，from
5、 和 for(1)from 是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以 from 短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 表示“叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事 ”。例如：What can stop me(my)going? 有什么能阻止我去呢?Nothing shall stop us from studying什么都不能阻止我们学习。5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不”I have to finish the work by myself 我不得不自己完成这项工作。
6、6. run out of 意为“从地方跑出来；用光” Class is over The students run out of the classroom 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出课文解析1. How long have you been in class today? 你今天上了多长时间的课？ (或你在课堂多长时间？)(1)how long “多长”或“ 多长时间 ”。对长度或时间段提问。- How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了?- For two years. 两年了。(2)in class 在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为 out
7、of class “在课外”。We should read more books out of class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。I have been in class for one hour. 我上了一个小时的课。(3)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。egWe shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eight我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。I was reading when the earthquake occurred，by the way，it was “The Last Day of Pompeii”地震发
8、生时我在看书，顺便提一下，我看的是“庞培城的末日”。By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗 ?(2)名词 hobby 表示“爱好”是可数名词。例如：Your hobby is reading 你的爱好是看书。One of my hobbies is astronomy 我的爱好之一是天文学。学优中考网 Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby 很多男人菜做得好，只是作为一种爱好。6It made me think about differences in food cultures b
9、etween China and western countries它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。(1)make 使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带 to，类似的还有 let 和have。egHe made the students laugh他把同学们逗笑了。The children must be made to clean their own room 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. 李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。(2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为egthink
10、about a plan 考虑一项计划I always think about her when it snows每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。What do you think about the film last night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?He was thinking about the time he spent in the army他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。We need to think about the plan我们需要考虑一下这个计划。(3)介词 between 表示在二者之间There is a fence between his garden and
11、our garden 在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。Youre to sit between Moira and me 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。五.【词语辨析】1. every 和 each(1)each 一定数目中的“每一个”；“ 个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。eg Each one has his weakness 每人都有每人的弱点。(2)every 数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“ 每一个”； “总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。eg Every one of us is here 我们都到了。(3)each 可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而 every 只能作定
12、语。2. interest，interesting 与 interested(1)interest 作名词，意为 “兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指 “使(人)产生兴趣”。例如： He shows an interest in music 他对音乐感兴趣。What you said interests me 你的话引起了我的兴趣。(2)interesting 作形容词，指 “有趣的，引起兴趣的”，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。例如： The film is very interesting 电影非常有趣。He is an interesting man 他是一个有趣的人。(3)intere
13、sted 是由动词 interest 加-ed 构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”，其主语一般是人，常用于 begetbecome interested in 结构中，表示“对感兴趣”。例如：When he was only a child，he got interested in science当他还是个孩子时，就对科学产生了兴趣。3. how long，how often 与 how soon(1)how long 的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是 more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。例如：-How long are you going to stay
14、 here? 你打算在这里待多久 ?-Five days 5 天。-How long did he live in China? 他在中国住了多长时间?-More than two years 两年多。(2)how often 的意思是“多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是 never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year 等表示频度的副词或短语。例如：-How often do you go to the library? 你多长时间去一次图书馆?-Once a day 一天一次。(3)how s
15、oon 用来询问“需要多长时间能，过多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用 in a weekmonth year等。例如：-How soon can you finish the work? 你完成那项工作还要多久?-May be in three days 大概 3 天后。-How soon will he get here? 他到这儿需要多久 ?-In half an hour 半小时。4. have 与 musthave to 与 must 都有“必须”的意思，但有其不同之处：(1)have to 有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，
16、意思是“不得不”；must 无时态和人称变化，后面接不带 to 的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是 “必须，一定”。例如：I have to go nowIts dark 我必须得走了。天已黑了。I must go 我得走了。(2)must not 表示“不许，一定不能”；dont have to 表示“不必”。例如：You mustnt go now 你现在不许走。You dont have to go so early 你不必走那么早。(3)Must I?的否定回答是 No，you neednt或 No，you dont have to例如：-Must I stay here now? 我必须
17、留在这吗?-NO，you neednt you dont have to 不，你不必。5. fairly 与 ratherfairly 与 rather 同义但用法不同：fairly 一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather 一般指( 贬义的 )不太理想的情形。例如：The weather is fairly fine today今天的天气相当好。The weather was rather bad yesterday昨天的天气相当不好。It is a fairly easy question 这是一个相当容易的问题。(容易而适当)It is a rather easy question 学优
18、中考网 这是一个相当容易的问题。(大容易了而不适当)语法讲解：1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn ，study，work 等。(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。(2)She has been skating
19、 for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have 和 has 是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在 have或 has 后面加 not，have not 和 has not 可以分别缩写成 havent 和 hasnt，如：(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？(2)Has he been wr
20、iting the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？(3)I havent been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如： I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2
21、)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。如： She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）【典型例题解析】例 1 How long have you _?A. borrowed the book B. bought the bikeC. been back D. received the letter 解析 问句是现在完成时，而 borrow, buy, receive, 是非延续动词，故选 C。 答案 （C）例 2 Since Ji
22、m came to China, he _ a lot about Chinese history.A. has begun learning B. have been learnedC. has been learning D. began to learn 解析 since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，在这四个选项中，只有 C 选项符合现在完成进行时的结构 have/has been +动词-ing 结构，其余三个既不符合现在完成时的结构也不符合现在完成进行时的结构。答案 （C）例 3 _have you been here?Ive been here for m
23、onths. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many正解 A 错因分析 how often 是指做事情的频率,对频率进行提问，而 how long 是对时间段提问，根据答句中的“for months”表示一段时间，故选 A。例 4 Im sorry, I dont know .Please ask _.A. someone else B. anyone else C. else anyone D. else someone正解 A 错因分析 句意为：“对不起，我不知道，请问别人”。在肯定句中用 someone，不用 anyone，故排除
24、 B、C 选项，又因为 else 修饰不定代词或疑问词时，else 放在所修饰词的后面。故选 A。例 5(2008 年铜仁)Is the woman over there Mrs. Chen?She has gone to Yuping. It _ be her.A. cant B. neednt C. wont D. wouldnt【析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。在肯定推测中用 must，如果是否定推测时，就用cant。答案 A学优中考网 单元测试题一、单项填空1There is_knocking at the doorGo and see who it isAnobody Bsomeb
25、ody Canybody Deverybody2How is the weather today?Its_Asunny BSunday CJune 26 Dseven oclock3Would you please wait for the next bus? This one is_Afull Bempty Ctidy Dquiet4How long have you_the book?For a weekAborrowed Blent Ckept Dbought5_a cold morning，I opened the window and was glad to find that it
26、 was snowing outsideABy BIn CAt DOn6E-mail is much_than long-distance callingAcheap Bcheaper Ccheapest Dthe cheapest7_you pass me a pen? I d like to write down the telephone numberANeed BCould CMust DShould8We_you are hereWe looked for you everywhereAcant know Bdont know Cdidn t know Dwon t know9Nob
27、ody could tell me the way because_people were there in the nightAfew Ba few Clittle Da little10Could you tell me_?Awhere does he live Bwhere lives heChe lives where Dwhere he lives11_you free last night?AWere BWas CAre DDo12Well have a_holidayWhat about going to the Great Wall?Atwo days Btwo-day Ctw
28、o-days Dtwo-days 13The Internet_it easy to get much new information in a short timeAfinds Bmakes Cfeels Dtakes14She is too busy to help us finish the workLets do it_Aherself Bmyself Courselves Ditself15I dont know Sams telephone numberWill you please_in your address book?Alook at it Blook for it Clo
29、ok up it Dlook it up二、完形填空Many years ago George Franks brother left a medical collegeThe young man worked in 1 nowHe had a lot of knowledge on medicine and often 2 sick peopleOf course he was paid3 and lived a happy lifeFrank envied (羡慕) his brother very much and hoped to be a good 4 ，tooHis father，
30、 an important person in their city，agreed to Franks 5 ，but he knew the young man 6 in themiddle school He had to help him 7 college and told him to put his heart into his studiesAt first Frank worked hard at his lessons and listened to the teachers carefullyBut several months later he 8 because he c
31、ouldnt catch what his teachers said in classSo he couldnt finish his homeworkHe 9 the exams and at last he dropped 10 of his subjectsAs he liked anatomy (解剖学) ，sometimes he went to listen to itOne day，MrsGrace asked Frank 11 questions，but he could answer neither of themThe anatomy teacher felt sorry
32、 and said， “How many teeth does a person have? Its the easiest!”“Twenty-four ” Frank answeredHis classmates began to laugh，and MrsGrace said12 ， “You are the most foolish student Ive seen ”Franks face turned redHe stood up and said， ” Im 13 ，MrsGrace，but your words really 14 my heart ”“Its not true，
33、class! He doesnt know where 15 ! ” said MrsGrace 1Aa college Ba city Ca hospital Da school2Aoperated on Bworked Cstudied with Dgot on well with3Aa lot Ba littleCas much as he wanted Das much as he could4Ateacher Bperson Cstudent Ddoctor5Achoose Bchose Cchosen Dchoice6Alearned a lot Bworked hardCdidn
34、t learn much Ddidnt listen to him7Aentered Benters Centering Dto enter8Acaught up with his classmates Bfell behindCfollowed his father Denjoyed himself9Atook part in Bkept busy withCfailed in Dpassed10Amost Ball Ceach Dboth11Afive Bfour Cthree Dtwo12Ato all the students Bto herselfChappier Dangrily1
35、3Aglad Bsorry Clucky Dwell14Ahurt Bchanged Clost Dwoke15Ahis teeth are Bhis heart isChis father is Dhis brother is三、阅读理解Last weekend we found a really beautiful shell while my friend and I were playing volleyball at the beachHe picked it up and said it was hisIn fact，I saw it firstI was so angry tha
36、t I thought about hitting himHowever ， “Violence (武力) is the worst!”came to my mindOur parents and teachers often tell us not to fightI didnt fight but talked with him insteadIf two adults use violence towards each other in order to win，it s quite wrongIf one 学优中考网 injured the other，he would be caug
37、htIf one killed the other，he would be put into prison for years，even for the rest of his lifeNow when two countries have different thoughts，they often use violence and fight a war between the countriesIts rather bad! Thousands of people have been killed and injured at warAnd it brings much trouble t
38、o the worldA war is rather violentAdults will say they are fighting wars to solve problems and make peace But can wars really“make peace”? I suppose notGuns cant create love and careWhy cant adults use their brains?They might say things are not so easyHowever，why are they doing so? Adults are our mo
39、dels! Can wars make peace?1The writer and his friend_at the beach last weekendAfought badly Bhit othersCplayed volleyball Dpicked up shells2Using_between two countries means fighting a warAviolence Btalk Cideas Dthoughts3Lots of people are injured and lose their_during the warAparents Blives Ckids D
40、houses4The word“it” means_in the sentence“And it brings much trouble to the world”Awar Bpeace Ccare Dlove5The writer of this passage may be_Aan officer Ba parent Can adult Da child四、补全对话AA：Hi，Bill! Youre reading the novel again B：Yes，TomIll never be tired of itA： 1 ?B：Three timesEvery time I read it
41、，I can always learn something newB：Really? 2 ?A：Charles DickensI think he is a great English writerWhat do you think?B： 3 He is also my favorite foreign writerPlease let me have a look at itA： 4 I havent read such a novel for longWhere did you buy it?B：In the Rose BookshopA：I dont know where it is 5
42、 ?B：NoOnly 10 minuteswalk from here ，next to the Peoples CinemaA：Oh，I seeIm going to get one，too Thank you!B：Youre welcome!1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_ BA：Excuse me， 6 you from Australia?B：Yes， 7 how do you know?A：The 8 you speak When 9 you come to China?B：This time 10 yearA：So you have been in China for about a
43、year B：YesYou are rightA：What do you 11 of China?B：Its greatI like it very muchA：What do you like about China?B：The people，the food and the 12 of interestA：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?B：No，I haventI am going there next month 13 the way，can you tell 14 how to get to the park?A：Certainly Take
44、 the No18 busItll take you right thereB：Thanks a 15 A：That s OK6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 11_ 12_ 13_ 14_ 15_ 五、单句改错1Why not ask for help when you are with trouble?A B C D ( )_2We have learned English since two years and a half A B C D ( )_3A friend of him went to Japan last SundayA B C D ( )_4There will have
45、a class meeting next Monday afternoonA B C D ( )_5The police told us not play in the streetIts dangerousA B C D ( )_6Look! What happy the children are in the a garden!A B C D ( )_7With my help，he finished made the kite at lastA B C D ( )_8Father tells his son how far is it from the earth to the moonA B C D ( )_六、用所给单词的适当形式填空1My father_(watch) CCTV news at 7:00 every day2They_(have) a football match if it_(be) fine next Thursday afternoon3Listen! Jacks radio_(
