1、中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿第六章 介 词介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词 v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。一、表示时间的介词（一）表示时间段的介词（1）in , afterin +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：Hell come back in two days. 但点钟用 after( after thre
2、e oclock)He left on July 2 and returned after three days.（2）in , during表示在一段特指的时间内，可用 in 或 duringThe work was done in / during the holidays.表示年份、月份、季节用 in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, during表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.（4）fo
3、r 表示延续一段时间。Ill study in the U.S for two yearsIve waited for Bingo for half an hour.（二）表示某一时间的介词（1）at, onat 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：in the morningon a winter / snow / cold / morningat nighton the night of March 7th in the eveningon
4、 Friday evening（2）before, bybefore 表示某一时间之前，而 by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:：You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. 学优中考网 到上月底这个男孩已得了 4 个 A.（3）after , sinceafter 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而 since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如；My father lived in Sh
5、anghai after liberation .解放后我父亲住在上海.Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会（4）fromto, until / tillfrom-to 表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而 until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如：My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.从 1960 年到 1964 年我妈妈在北京大学学习。My mother entered
6、Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.我妈妈 1960 年进入北京大学，一直学习到 1964 年。 （但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组含 this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。二 、 表 示 事 物 之 间 位 置 的 介 词（1）at, in当事物被视作一点
7、，不强调其空间常用介词 at, 而表示空间内部用介词 in, 如：Well meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里*动词 arrive 后接 at ,表示较小的地方 , 如: 车站、村庄等.后接 in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等（2）in, toin 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部Japan lies
8、to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。in front of 表示在前面 ,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。（3）after, behindafter 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于 in front of 而言, 如：He entered the classroom after the teacherHe hid himself behind the door 他在门后。（4）on , inon 表示“在某事物表面上” 。如将事物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词 in。There is a modern
9、painting on the wall .There is a modern painting on the wall .（5）from , off 都表示“离开” OnOnOnOverUnderAboveBelow（6）above , over, below , underover , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而 above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。（7）between, amongbetween 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间 ”。三 、 表 示 运 动 方 向 的 介 词（1）into, inside , i
10、n 从外到内 如：He went quickly into / inside the room.He went quickly into / inside the room.（2）out of 从里到外，相当于 outside, 或从里向外,相当于 fromShe went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。（3）on 在表面，onto 到上A boat is on the
11、 river. 一条小船在河上。He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树（4）across 穿过一平面、 through 穿过一空间The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去She swam towards the sh
12、ore 她朝岸边游去。四 、 常 用 介 词 用 法 比 较（1）as , likeas 表示“作为”强调身份， like (介词)表示“像”As a teacher, he cares for these children.Like a teacher, he cares for these children.（2）with , inwith 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西 ” ,“ 用作工具”in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用 inA man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.A man in black wanted to bu
13、y drinks.The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.He retold the text in English.（3）for , tofor 表示“为了.”To 表示动作对象, “ 对, 向.” 如:He would do anything for his motherland.Did you mention this to my father?学优中考网 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：Its quite warm today for February.就二
14、月的天气，今天够暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜for 表示“目的,用途” 。与 go, come 动词连用，（4）except , besidesexcept 表示 “从总体中排除一部分”, 与 bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。（5）注意成对介词的用法：get into (out of ) the car, get
15、 on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of （6）介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：to ones surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last,
16、at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agre
17、e with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,.（7）表示加减乘除，分别用介词 plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词 divided + by第二节 实战演练一 、 例 题 选 讲例 1 We will play football three oclockA In B AfterC To D since答案： B提示： 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in 常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意 after也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本
18、题里 after 表示将来某一特定时刻。例 2 The story took place a cold night.A in B afterC to D since答案： B提示： on 通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语 a cold night 已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词 on。例 3 We will play football three oclockA In B AfterC To D since答案： B提示： 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in 常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after可表示从过去为起点的一
19、段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意 after也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里 after 表示将来某一特定时刻。例 4 The story took place a cold night.A in B afterC to D since答案： B提示： on 通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语 a cold night 已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词 on。例 5 This is the bus the Peoples ParkA at B forC to D towards答案： B提示： 四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at 表示“在某处，
20、在旁边” ，for表示“（动身）去处” ，to 表示“到某处” ，towards 表示“向某处” 。例 6 Are your parents workers?No， is a workerA neither B noneC either D both答案： A提示： neither 是对两个人或事物的否定，谓语用单数形式；而 both 则是对两个人或事物的肯定，谓语用复数形式。 例 7 The work cost us more than five weeks.（保持原意）more than five weeks the work.答案： We spent, on提示： cost 表示花费时间
21、，只能用表示事物的词作主语，而 spend 也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意 spendon，表示在某事上花费。例 8 Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.（合并一句）答案： Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also a lot of new ones提示： 这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。例 9 My brother likes skatingI like swimming （合并一句）答案： My brother likes
22、 skating but I like swimming学优中考网 提示： 这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人，谓语动词之后的部分也不同，实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面，所以用 but 把两个句子连接起来。例 10 He is too young to join the army （改复合句）答案： He is so young that he cant join the army提示： so that 表示否定时可与 tooto 转换。例 11 There is a hole the wallA in B onC of D with答案： A提示： 在墙的里面，用 in the
23、wall，而 on the wall 指在墙的表面上。例 12 English names are different Chinese namesA between B ofC from D about 答案： C提示： be different from 表示“与不同” ，是一个固定词组。例 13 We always have a class meeting Monday afternoonA at B onC in D of答案： B提示： 在某天的上午下午或晚上，介词应使用 0n。例 14 Please write it inkA with B inC by D of答案： B提示： 如
24、果表示用墨水写该用 in，不能用 with。例 15 Ill return the book to the library I finish reading itA when B ifC as soon as D as答案： C提示： 此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆，as soon as 是“一就”的意思。二 、 复 习 时 需 要 注 意 的 要 点（1） 介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。（2） 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注
25、意。如：a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait forb.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be prond ofc. 名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to第三节 巩固练习I 选择填空1. Ill get off _ Nanjing Road. I live _ 200 Nanjing Road.A at, at B on, on C at, in D on, at2. He is good _ volleyball,.He was _ the school volleyball team.A in, in B at, at C on, on
26、D at, on3 Children always get presents _ Christmas Day in the west.A on B at C on D in4. _ the help of the teachers, he has made great progress _three months ago.A Infor B Insince C Withsine D Withfor5 When class is over, the students go _ the classroom.A into B in C on D out of6. Theres no smoke _
27、fire. A. with B without C if D in7. What does your father look _?- Tall and thin.A like B as C for D in8. The teachers are often given _ some flowers _ the students _ Teachers Day.A X, by, in B to, by, onC X, by, on D to, by, in9. He is reading magazines _ the reading-room _.He will come back _ half
28、 an hour.A in, at that time, in B on, at that moment, afterC by, at some time , on D in ,at the moment, in10.Have you got everything ready _ a picnic?A on B for C in D duringII 在每格中填入适当的介词：1. He jumped _ joy.2.When still a child _ four, he could already write. 3.Youd better speak _ the manager about
29、 it.4.He spend too much time _ playing video games. It is bad _ him.5. We must be strict _ the students and _ our work.6. Please give the book to the boy _ the corner.7. I bought a copy of Shanghai Students Post _ my way _home. I read it _ the underground. By the time I arrived _学优中考网 my neighbourho
30、od, Id read half _it.8. I was born _ the morning _ December 3, 1985. We were born _ the same year.9. My mother opened my letter instead _hers. I was angry _ her.10. How much did you pay _ the new bike?III. 用方框内的介词填空 on, by, from, in, without, behind, of, across, along, before, until, to, beside, bet
31、ween1.He found himself fall _ the others after he came back from the U.S.A2._ all the streets, Nanjing Road is the busiest, I think.3.Have do you often go to school?_ underground train.4._ your help, I cant finish the work _ a short time.5.Go _ the road, turn right at the first crossing and go _ the
32、 stone bridge. Youll find a new post office _ a supermarket and a school.6.Dont leave _ 7:30. Ill return _7:30.7.My uncle is learning French _ English.8.We go to school _ Monday _ Friday. We dont have lessons _ Saturday and Sunday.IV.改正错误：1. He will attend a meeting instead of watch a football match
33、.A B C D2. Theres a bridge on the river.A B C D3. She arrived at home at 8:45 yesterday.A B C D4. Please go on your homework.A B C D5. Does she spend a lot of time on reading?A B C D6. The article is written with easy English.A B C D7. Mary has been used to live in China.A B C D8. We are looking for
34、ward to work in that company.A B C D9. What did you think the film?A B C D10. By who was the nice bottle broken ?A B C DV. 改写下列句子，保持原意（每格一词）1. It took Wang Wei two hours to write the composition. Wang Wei spent two hours _ writing the composition.2. Can computers take the place of humans?Can compute
35、rs be used _ _ humans?3. She began to learn singing two years ago.She has learned singing _ two years ago.4. What made him think so?_ what was he made _ think so?5. Mother didnt let him go out last night.He wasnt allowed _ go out last night _ her mother.6. He made some money when he was in Aprica.He
36、 made some money _ his stay _Africa.7. The girl was surprised to pass the exam._her surprise, the girl passed the exam.8. These children waited before their parents came back.These children didnt leave _ their parents came back.9. We shall go on a trip to Wuxian (无锡)。We shall go _ Wuxian _ our holid
37、ay.10. How do you like the movie?do you think the movie?VI. 将下列词组译成英语1.The woman (为- 而感到骄傲) her son.2.She helped me (在英语方面).3.I (收到她的来信) yesterday.4.My father (对我生气).5.He studies hard in order to (赶上) the class.6.I didnt believe that until I saw it (亲眼).7.She is (用法语唱)8.I am (忙于复习功课 )9.I will (离开上海去
38、悉尼) tomorrow. 10.We (领外国朋友参观我们的学校) in this time yesterday.答案I、1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10.BII、1.with 2.of 3.to/ with 4.in/ /, for 5.with/in6.at 7.on, /, on, at, of 8. on, of, in 9.of, with 10.forIII、学优中考网 1.behind 2.Of 3.By 4.Without, in5.along, across, between 6.until, before 7.besid
39、es 8.from, to, onIV、1. watching(D) (instead of 接动名词 )2. 2.over(C)3. at 去掉(B) (home 副词不需要加 at)4. 4.加 with(B) (go on with sth.)5. in (D) (spend in doing sth.)6. 6.in(C) (“用英语”介词应用 in)7. living(D) (be used to doing 习惯于做某事)8. 8.working(C) (look forward to doing9. of(D)10. whom(A) (介词后面用宾格)V、1.in 2.inste
40、ad of 3.since 4.By, to 5.to, by6.during, in 7.To 8. until 9.to, for 10.What, aboutVI、1.was proud of 2.with my English 3.heard from her 4.was angry with e up with 6.with my own eyes 7.singing in French 8.busy with my homework9.leave Shanghai for Sydney 10.show the foreign friends around my school学)优$中考.，网
