1、2010 中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit 1 Will people have robots?【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1 There will be 将会有2 There is going to be +单数将会有3 There are going to be+复数 将会有4 Study at home on computers 在家里的电脑上学习5 in 100 years=100 years from now 100 年后6 Everything will be free 一切将免费7 on paper 纸上8 live to beyears old 活到.岁9 in t
2、he future 将来10 less pollution 较少的污染11 free time 空闲时间12 on a space station 在太空站13 fall in love with 爱上14 Olympic Games 奥林匹克15 come true 实现16 look smart 看起来时髦17 for the first time 第一次18 more than 比多， 超过。19 less than 少于,不到.20 at least 至少21 work for. 为工作, 效力于22 far away (from) 离很远23 be able to 能够24 hund
3、reds of 大量，许多 , 好几百25 thousands of 数以千计的 , 好几千26 the World Cup 世界杯27 fewer people 较少的人 28 use the subways less 更少用地铁29 be crowded 拥挤的30 Cities will be big and crowded. 城市将会变得大而拥挤31 uncountable nouns 不可数名词32 be in high school 在读高中33 be in college 在读大学34 What sport will she play? 她将会做什么运动？35 the city
4、of tomorrow 未来的城市36 tall buildings 高楼37 live in an apartment 住在公寓里38 fly rockets to the moon 发射火箭到月亮上39 as a reporter 作为一名记者40 I dont like living alone 我不喜欢一个人住学优中考网 41 keep a pet parrot 养一只鹦鹉作为宠物42 wear a suit 穿一套制服43 dress more casually 穿得更随意44 go to .on vacation 去度假45 fly to the moon for vacation
5、s 去月亮上度假46 Predicting the future can be difficult预测将来是困难的II. 重要句型 1. Will there be less pollution? No, there wont. 2. There will be more pollution. 3. Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. 4. Kids wont go to school. Kids will study at home on computers.III. 交际用语 People will have robots in thei
6、r homes.There will be less pollution.There will be fewer trees. IV. 重要语法 1. 表数量多少的比较级的使用：fewer, less. 2. 使用“will / wont动词原形 ”表示对未来的预测。学习一般将来时的正确表达。 【课文解析】 1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) money 金钱；货币 eg Whats the money? 价钱是多少?paper money 纸币；钞票2) in 100 years 在 100 年之后“in+一段时间”常
7、用在将来时态中eg Ill come in an hour. 我一小时后来。Ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. There will be less leisure time空闲时间会更少。1) less 形容词：较少的(是 little 的比较级) ，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是 least；反义词是 more。eg Janes less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。Five is less than six 5 比 6 少。2) leisure time 空闲时间egWhat do you do in your
8、 leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. I think there will be more pollution 我认为将会有更多的污染产生。1) think 后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是 there be 句型的一般将来时，结构为“there will be+物+其他成分”。eg I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。 2) pollution 表示“ 污染” ，用作不可数名词。例如：They did a lot to stop water
9、pollution他们采取大量措施制止水污染。4. I dont agree 我不同意。agree 在本句中作动词，I dont agree是一句交际用语，表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，如果表赞成，则为 I agree。1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用 agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。eg Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?I dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。厌做某事”。egHe hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游
10、泳。8. Ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1)go doing sth. 结构，表示“ 去做 go skating 去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳 go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船egMy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。I like going skating我喜欢去滑冰。2) every day 与 everyday 区别：every day 表示“每天” ，通常与一般现在时连用；而 e
11、veryday 表示“日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的”，是形容词。例如：I get up at six every day. 我每天 6 点起床。He wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. During the week Ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。学优中考网 1) during 表示“在期间”，during the week 是介词短语，意为“ 在工作日里”。 egThe sun gives us light during the day. 太
12、阳在白天给我们阳光。He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。2) look 表示“看上去 ”，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。egThat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear 表示“穿” ，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。egWe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。She is wearing a new coat 她穿着一件新衣服。Do
13、es he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？put on 是“穿上 ”，“戴上” 的意思，强调动作。egShe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。 注意：put on 是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。他整天戴着草帽。 误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day. 10. Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation 我会去香港度假。on vacation 意为“在度假”，on 表示“处于状态中” 。eg He will go to Hangzh
14、ou on vacation 他要到杭州度假。My father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?1) Whats the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于 How is the weather？What be like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是“怎么样?” 类似的说法还有 What do you think of? How do you like?等句型。egWhat
15、is the book like? What do you think of the book?How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?Whats the weather like today?How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?2) What isare1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。egWhats the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?Whats the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样?What was the bo
16、ok like? 那本书怎么样?12. There were many famous predictions that never came true( 过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测1) 本句中 that never came true 是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词 predictions，that 为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。2) come true 指“ 理想，梦想等实现”。come 是连系动词；true 是形容词，做连系动词 come 的表语。egMy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。Her dream to go to
17、 university has come true 她上大学的愿望实现了。语法讲解：一、一般将来时1用 be doing 表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive 等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner.We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示2. 动词 be 单复数形式要跟 there be 之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据
18、就近一致原则来变换 be 的单复数形式。如 There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。 How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？ There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。 There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。 There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 There
19、is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和一些学生。 3. 在 there be 引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。 There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。 There is nothing to do. (=to be done) 无事可做。 4、There is no doing.(口语 )不可能.There is no telling when
20、 he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。【典型例题解析】例 1 Are you _ your winter holiday next week?A. going to have B. will have C. had D. have学优中考网 解析 next week 意思是：下一周，很显然应该用将来时态。will have 虽然是将来时态，但题干中有are，所以应该用 be going to 结构。答案 ( A )例 2 There _ a fashion show in my
21、 home town tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is C. will be D. is going to正解 C错因分析 这是因为没有掌握好 there be 句型的将来时态的结构。There be 句型的将来时态的结构是：There is going to be 或 There will be 这里面的 be 不能用 have。have 的执行者（或主语）是人。例 3 He is happy that he _in a tall apartment next year.A. live B. lives C. will live D. will livi
22、ng正解 C 错因分析 这是在学习的过程中没有牢固掌握将来时的结构，将来时态的结构是：will+ do ，即will 后面跟动词原形，living 是现在分词结构，不是动词原形。例 4.(2008 年遵义市)All the _ a few _ taken with the welcoming groups.A. heros, photoes B. heros, photos C. heroes, photos【析】本题考查以 o 结尾的名词单数变复数。以 o 结尾的名词单数变复数有两种情况，一是有生命的名词加 es，无生命的名词变复数加 s。中学阶段只有四个单词加 es。可根据下面口诀记忆：英
23、雄(hero)和黑人(negro)爱吃西红柿 tomato)和土豆(potato) 。答案 C单元测试卷一、单项填空1Do you think _more cars?Yes， there willAwill there be Bare there Cthere will be Dthey will2I will fly to the moon for vacation _Ain twenty years Bafter twenty yearsCtwenty years ago Dtwenty years before3I think Brazil will _in the next World
24、 CupAwin France Bbeat FranceCbeat the World Cup Dlose France4I cant find my pen一 It _in your pencil-boxAmay Bmaybe Cbe Dmay be5There will be less _in the futureApeople Btrees Ccountries Dwater6I think people will live on the moon_I dont think people can live thereAI think so BYes，they willCI disagre
25、e DI m sure7I think I will go to Hong Kong _vacationAin Bon Cat Dwith8The English novel is quite easy for youThere are _ new words in itAa 1ittle B1ittle Ca few Dfew9Tomorrow David will have an important meeting，so he will_a suitAwear Bput on Cdress D in10Hurry up Its time to leaveOK_AIm coming BIll
26、 come CI ve come DI come11_will your grandfather be back to the office?In half an hourAHow often BHow long CHow far DHow soon12There _an English competition in the school this afternoonAis going to have Bis going Cis going to be Dis13In many countries，there are already a lot of robots _in factoriesA
27、working Bwork Care working Dto work14I want to know _Awhen do they finish the workBwhen will they finish the workCwhen they will finish the workDwhen he finish the work15In Japan，many scientists have already made robots _Ato walk Bwalking Cwalk are walking二、完形填空There are robots all around usSome do
28、very 1 as like flying airplanes and driving subway trainsAnd some do simple jobs When an automatic(自动的)washing machine 2 ，water goes inThe machine waits until the water is hot 3 washing the clothesIt does this by“feedback(反馈) ”Information about whats happening is “feedback” into the robot to tell it
29、 4 next Our eyes，ears and other senses (感官) are our feedbackThey tell us 5 around usSo robots are like people in 6 ways They work and they have feedbackBut 7 robots look like people Many are hidden awayRobots control (控制) the temperature of our houses，our cookers and our hot water systemsWe can set
30、the controls to the temperature we wantThe robot does 8 Its feedback usually comes from a thermostat (自动调温器)One kind of thermostat is a strip(条带)of metal(金属)， which bends when it gets hotAt the right temperature，it bends just enough 9 a switchThis turns off the heatAs the air around it gets 10 ，the
31、metal gets straight，and this turns the heat on again1Aeasy Bsimple Cdifferent D difficult2Ais switched on( 打开) Bis switchedCis switching Dswitches on3Aafter Bbefore Cas soon as Dwhile4Ahow to do B what to do Cwhat to do it D to do what5Awhat will happen B whats happeningCto happen what Dsomething wi
32、ll happen6Asome Bany Ctwo Dthree学优中考网 7Amany Ba lot of Cvery few Da little8Asomething Bsomething other thingsChalf the work Dthe rest9Ato work B working Cto working Dworks10Acold Bhot Ccoo1 Dwarm三、阅读理解AOne day a little boy came into a shopHe had five pence and wanted to buy some pears“Please give me
33、 pears for five pence，”he said to the shop assistantWhen the shop assistant gave him the pears，the boy counted themThen he said，“Last week my mother bought pears here for five pence， and she got more than I have got todayWhy did you give me so few?”“Dont ask questions，my boy， I have no time for ques
34、tions”“But ?”said the little boy“Its all right，my boy，”said the assistant，“Don t you understand? The fewer pears you get， the less fruit you will have to carry”“All right，”said the boy Then he put four pence on the counter and was going to leave“Come back！You must give me five pence”The shop assista
35、nt shouted“Thats all right，”said the boy，“Don t you understand? The fewer pence you get，the less money you will have to count”1Last week the boys mother bought pears here_Afor four penceBfor five penceCfor more money than the boy didDfor less money than the boy did2The boy thought_Ahe should get one
36、 more pearBhe should get fewer pears than the assistant gave himChe got fewer pears than his motherDhe got more pears than his mother3The shop assistant thought the boy_Awas stupidB was troublesomeCshould get fewer pears than his motherDwas too young to carry the pears4The boy thought the assistant_
37、Abullied(欺负 )the childrenBcould not countCcould not understand what he saidDwas too busy to count the money5According to the passage，the boy_Awas nimble(思维敏捷的)Bwas mean(吝啬的)C bothered about trifling matters(斤斤计较的)Dwas inconceivable(不可思议的)BOn October 12， 2005，China launched its second manned spaceshi
38、p，Shenzhou VI，sending two spacemen into spaceIt was the second time that our country had sent up manned spaceship after Shenzhou VChina has become the third country to send people to space after Russia and the USAShenzhou VI lifted off on a Long March 2F rocket from Jiuquan，Gansu ProvinceTwo spaceme
39、n Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng traveled around the earth 80 times in 115 hours and thirty-two minutes and landed safely in the Inner Mongolian grasslands on October 17,2005The spaceship has three modules(飞船舱) ：the orbital module where scientific experiments(实验) like testing space foods and drinks ar
40、e done；the reentry capsule(轨道舱)where the spacemen spent most of their time and the service module，which has fuel(燃料) ， air and other technical equipment(技术设备)in itUnlike Yang Liweis space trip two years ago， Fei and Nie went up and down between the modules for scientific experimentsFor the first tim
41、e，they took off their space suits and moved around in the modules freelyFrom space，Fei and Nie could make long distance calls to their families at the launch centre Nies daughter even sang “Happy Birthday” to her Dad during the phone callIt is said that our country will launch Shenzhou VII in 2007 T
42、he plan for Shenzhou VII 学优中考网 四、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词1Exercise more and eat l_ junk food，and you will be healthy2I think there will be less p_ in the future3The teacher wants to hear everyones p_ about the future4His friend Mary k_ a pet pig in her house5They live in a big a_ near the beautiful lake6Last
43、summer Peter and his parents f_ to Australia for their vacation7Yang Liwei is the first Chinese a_ who went into space8D_ the week，I will look smart and will be very busy9Robots wont get b_even if they do the same job over and over again10Nobody knows what will h_in the future五、用所给单词的适当形式填空1Im sure
44、there_(be) robots in our homes in the future2He is a nice boyHe always_(get) to school early3It often_(rain) in summer in South China4Computers，space rockets and even electric toothbrushes _ (seem ) impossible a hundred years ago5They are_(try) to make the streets cleaner6Its a nice day_we_ (go) out
45、 for a walk?7Leave the old bread in the gardenThe birds _ (eat) it8Yesterday she_(be)in ParisTomorrow she_(be) in London9Do you think Diana_(phone) us tonight?10It is very difficult for a robot_(do) the same things as a person does六、单句改错1 Its impossible to prediction who will win _2There will have a
46、 meeting tomorrow _He will be a teacher after a year _Will they play football after school? Yes，theyll _5There are different kind of books in the library _七、从 A 栏中选出 B 栏的合适答语AANo，there wontThere will be more and more studentsBI think soPeople will have bigger places to live in CYes，there willThe population will be smallDCertainly Air will be cleaner and cleaner EYes，t
