1、专题十一 动词的语态,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.一般现在时的被动语态 2.一般过去时的被动语态 3.一般将来时的被动语态考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值情态动词的被动语态2016 28 allowing/be allowed/allow 1分2015 28 allow/allowing/be allowed 1分2014 29 allow/allowing/be allowed 1分一般过去时的被动语态2013 29 invent/inventing/was invented 1分2012 29 invented/inventing/was invented 1分动词的语态为怀化
2、中考近五年单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态或情态动词相结合。主要表现为一般过去时和情态动词的被动语态。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态，语境设置在近五年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境或句意才能判断出选项，语句多为单句形式，词数多为913词。预计2017年怀化中考的单项选择题必定会出一道题考查被动语态，并与情态动词相结合。,怀化中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿有很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行
3、为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示 )”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下：时态 被动结构 例句一般 am/is/aredone来源:gkstk.Com This kind of car is made in 现在时 China.这种车是中国制造的。一般过去时 was/were done来源:gkstk.ComThe flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游
4、戏是大学生们发明的。一般将来时will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词情态动词bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：T
5、hey held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由其主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】分析怀化近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题选项中通常有一个主动，一个动词ing形式和一个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：(1)判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态。读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者
6、。一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若是主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句中的时间状语作出正确选择。(2)确定句子的时态。被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即
7、直接宾语和间接宾语 )的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth. We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词( 如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即： hear(see) sb.do sth. sb.be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was
8、heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词( 如：make ，let 等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老
9、师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。5不能使用被动结构的情况来源:学优高考网(1)连系动词，如：look ，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某事 )，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen 或take place，无被动结构。如：The story
10、 happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。【考点抢测】( A )1.(2016长沙中考 )Now smart phones_in many ways in our daily life.Aare used Bis used Care using( A )2.(2016益阳中考 )Tea_by farmers in our hometown.Ais grown Bgrew C grow( B )3.(2016张家界中考) Please come back earlier，honey!Im not a child！I should_what to do!Abe
11、told B not be told Ctell( A )4.(2016永州中考 )The new railway_in our hometown in 2013.Awas built Bis built C has built( C )5.(2016常德中考)The classroom_by the students every day.Aclean Bcleans Cis cleaned( B )6.(2016邵阳中考) A new bridge_in our hometown last year.Really？Our hometown must be more beautiful.Ais
12、 built Bwas built Cbuilt来源:gkstk.Com( A )7.(2016威海中考 )There arent any libraries in our hometown，are there?No，but it is said one_next year.Awill be built Bis builtCwill build( B )8.(2016郴州中考) What happened to Billy?He_because of his drunkdriving.Ais caught Bwas caughtChas caught( B )9.The task_in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished( C )10.Im sure that stricter rules_to control smoking very soon.Amade B will makeCwill be made
