1、(备考词汇专攻)2015 届中考英语小复习 251-260(10 份 10组专题)251 lift/ raise. lift “举起、提起、抬起”常常表举(提、抬)起某物时需要费些力气。如: This is too heavy for me to lift. 这太重了,我举不起。 He lifted a pail of water from the ground. 他把一桶水从地上提了起来。. raise “举起、抬起”着重指使某物竖立起来。如: Those who are ready, please raise your hand. 准备好的人,请举手。 He raised his head
2、. 他抬起了头。252 like/ love/ be fond of. like “喜欢、喜爱”与 dislike相对。是本组词中语意最弱的词。如: I like the poem. 我喜欢这首诗。 I dont like smoking. 我不喜欢抽烟。. love “爱、热爱”与 hate相对。带有强烈的感情,是本组词中语意最强的词。如: We love our socialist motherland. 我们热爱我们的社会主义祖国。 I like her , but I dont love her. 我喜欢她,但并不爱她。. be fond of “喜欢、爱好” ,语意比 like强,但
3、比 love弱。其后不能接不定式。如: He is fond of music. 他爱好音乐。 I am fond of reading. 我喜欢读书。 He is very fond of his mother. 他很喜欢他的母亲。注:prefer “比起更喜欢” ,其比较对象通常用在介词 to 后。如:Which would you prefer, tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee. 茶和咖啡,你喜欢哪? 比起咖啡来我更喜欢茶。253 little/ small. little “小的”与 big 和 great 相对,表本身小,不含比一般小的意味。
4、用这个词时,往往带有感情色彩。如: What a pretty little house! 一所多漂亮的小房子! I want the little box, not the big one. 我要小箱子,不要大的。说明:little 指人时,表和成年人相比,个子小年龄也小。. small “小的”与 large 相对,它常与 little 通用。但多指,就一般标准而言比较小的东西,不带感情色彩。如; The boy is small for his age. 就年龄来说,这男孩的个子小了些。 He lives in a small room. 他住在一个小房间里。254 like / as.
5、 like 用于比较或比喻,表示“像一样” 。 Sometimes he behaves like a fool. 有时他的行为举止像个傻瓜。 I beg you not to say anything like that to my parents. 我恳求你不要对我的父母说那样的话。. as 则表示某人或某事实际上具有 as后面所描写的特征或身份,此时 as当“作为;当作”解。如: He works as a gardener. 他的工作是个园丁。 Originally, our house was used as a hotel. 原先我们的房子是作旅馆用的。. 另外一点要提及的是 as
6、可用作连词,后面接句子;like 在正规英语中不能用作连词。如: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (谚) 入国问禁,入乡随俗。255 look/ look at/ notice/ see/ watch / read / gaze. look “看”强调看的动作,指有意思地看,是不及物动词。接宾语时用介词 at 即:look at.如: Look, whats the boy doing? He is looking at the picture. see 强调“看”的结果。指视力。如: He looked at the blackbord but he d
7、idnt see nothing. . notice 是指用眼睛或其它感官或感 觉去“注意到” ;“看到” I noticed that he came early,我注意到他来得很早。 I noticed him enter(ing) the office. 我看到他走进了(正在走进)办公室。. watch 强调“观看”其行为动作,跟踪其运动着的目标。含有“监视”之意。如:watch TV / a game /a play /sb. 看电视 / 比赛 / 戏曲/某人, read 指“看书、报、杂志等” , 指用大脑去思考,含有阅读之意。如: He is reading a book. 256
8、 look/ look for/ find/ find out / look up. look “看”指看的意识,强调看的行为动作。是不 及物动词。不能直接接宾语。如: Look, they are playing on the playground. look for “寻找”指有目的地找。强调“寻找”这一动作。 What are you looking for? 你在找什么?. find “找到、发 现”指经过一番努力后“找到”丢失的人或东西。强调“找”的结果。如: I cant find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。 The poor granny is looking for
9、her little son. I hope she can find him. 这个可怜的老奶 奶在找她的小儿子,我希望她能找到他。. find out “找出、查明 ”用着及物动词短语,常表达找出答案,弄明真相,查明情况等意思。如: Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。. look up “向上看;查字典”如: She looked up and she saw many birds in the sky. You must look up the new words when you dont know how to p
10、ronounce it.257 whats like?/ Hows ?. Whats like? “询问某人或事物的 持久的特性、特征, 如相貌等。 如: -Whats your elder sister like? -Shes a kind and humorous woman. 你姐是怎样一个人? 她是一个既和善又幽默的女人。 - Whats your father like? -He is tall and fat. 你父亲长得怎么样? 他又高又胖。 -Whats the spring in the north like? -Its usually very windy and dry.
11、 北方的春天怎么样? 通常风很大而且干燥。. Hows ? 用来询问 暂时 的情况,或对经历过事的感受,或问候别人的健康。如: -Hows your study these days? -Very well. Thank you. 近来的学习情况怎样? 很好, 谢谢。 How was the film last night? Great! 昨晚的电影怎么样? 好极 了! How is your sister? Shes very well. 你姐好吗(身体怎样)? 她很好。注意:下面两句子的含义是不一样的。 How was the film? 这电影怎样? What was the film
12、like? 这电影讲什么?(请对方对电影作一番描述或评论)258 none / nobody / no one. none 既可指人,也可指物,意为“没有人;没有东西”等,表三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定。与 all是反义词。后可接 of 短语。作主语时,如果它指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用单数、复数形式都可以,用单数时强调个体,表“没有一个人” ;用复数则强调整体,表“所有人都没有” 。如果它指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。常常用来回答 how many & how much 以及有特定范围的问题。如: How many of the women are teachers? None
13、 (of them is / are). 这些女士中有多少是老师? 一个也没有。 How much water is left in the bottle? Nove (of it is left). 瓶子里还剩多少水? 一点儿也没剩。 Which of the boys plays football well? None(of them does). 这些男孩中哪个足球踢得好? 一个也没有。. nobody & no one 指代人,意为“没有人” 。作主语时谓语动词有单数形式,后不能跟of 短语,常常用来回答 who 和不确定的问题。如: Luckily, nobody / no one
14、was gurt in this accident. 幸运的是,没有人在这场事故中受伤。 Who went to the net bar this week? Nobody / No one. 这周谁去过网吧? 没有人。259 look/ seem. seem “看来、似乎”既可作连系动词,以可做不及物动词,后接:形容词、名词、介词短语或不定式。 如: 。 spirt.hg in semyou (3)Mar,atd2H y. qi1你 似 乎 情 绪 很 好玛 丽他 看 上 去 象 个 老 实 人他 似 乎 很 快 乐 Mother seemed to know that. 母亲好像知道那件事
15、。 Bill doesnt seem to a understand. 比尔似乎不太理解。= Bill seems not to understand.(这更正式). 常用搭配: It seems (that)好像、看来、似乎,如:1 It seems to me that her accident is all your fault! 在我看来她出事都是你的错。2 But it seemed that it wasnt the only letter. 但是好像这不是唯一的一封信。 seem as if / though. “看起来像”如:1 It seems as though Ken w
16、ill win the rice.看来赛跑 Ken好像要赢。2 It seems (as if ) it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨了。. look “看来、似乎”着重于由视觉得出的印象,seem 则暗示有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。在搭配上两者都可接:形容词、名词(前常有形容词修饰) 、动词不定式to be、过去分词 和 介词短语。如: He looks / seems a nice man.他看上去是个好人。 You look / seem tired. Lets have a rest. 看来你累了,我们休息一会儿。 The boy looked / seeme
17、d to be very ill. 那男孩看上去病得很重。, 但在下面情况下,只能用 seem, 不能用 look:1. 后面接动词不定式:to do 时。如: The captain seemed to know all his soldiers.2. 用于 It seems that 结构时。如: It seemed that he had missed the train.看来他没搭上火车。3. 用于 There seemed to (不定式) 结构时:如:There seemed to be hundreds of people on the playground. 运动场上好像有几百
18、人。260 lose/ miss. lose “丢失、失去”语气较强,一般指失去后不易找回;而 miss 指人们觉察到东西已经“丢失” ,含有可能找回的意思。miss 还有“想念”之意。而 lose 则没有。如: My grandfather lost a leg in in the war. 我爷爷在战争中失去了一条腿。 We shall all miss you when you go away. 你不在时,我们都会想念你 的。. 作定语和表语用时, lose 用过去分词 lost, 而 miss用现在分词 missing.如: Who has found my lost pen?谁找到了我丢失的钢笔? Missing book is found now. 丢失的书现在已经找到了。