1、(备考词汇专攻)2015 届中考英语小复习 171-180(10 份 10组专题)171 error/ mistake/ fault.error 的意思是错误、过失,指背离某种准则的偏差,表示精确、不正确、不对。在本组词中,这个词用得最广泛。例如: This is an error in grammar. 这是一个语法上的错误。 He made an error in opinion. 你的意见有错误。. mistake “错误” , 指由于粗心、疏忽、缺乏正确的理解等原因而造成的“错误” 。与error可通用,但在某些固定词组中不能换用。如:by mistake. In error 等。如:
2、 You have made a mistake in your spelling. 你在拼写上弄错了。 I took his umbrella by mistake. 我拿错了他的伞。. fault“缺点、毛病”也可表“过失、过错”含有当事人对造成的过错有责任的意味。如: With all his faults , he is still a good comrade. 尽管他有缺点,分还是一个好同志。172 even if / even though/ though 三者都可以引导让步状语从句 。 Even if 与 even though一般可以换用,意为“即使、纵然” ,引出的从句叙述
3、的是假设或把握我大的事情,有时动词可用虚拟语气; though 意思是“虽然” ,引出的从句叙述的是事实。如: He wont tell me about it though he knows the news 虽然他知道这个消息但他不愿意告诉我。 (他是肯定知道的) He wont tell me about it even if / though he knows the news 即使他知道这个消息,但他不愿意告诉我。 (他对消息或知或我知,句子含有一定的推测意味) I will try even if I may fail. 即使失败,我也要尝试一下。 Though it was ve
4、ry late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,他还继续工作。注 though 和 but 不能同时出现在句中。173 evening/ night.evening 的意思是“傍晚、晚上” ,指从晚餐至就寝这段时间,如: I must start by tomorrow evening. 我至迟到明天傍晚必须动身。 We have a film every Saturday evening. 我们每星期六晚上都有电影。.night 的意思是“夜、夜里、晚上” ,指从日落到日出或从黄昏到拂晓这段时间。如: They spent the night in the forest
5、. 他们在森林里过夜。 We sleep during the night and work during the day. 我们夜里睡觉,白天工作。 We saw the play on the first night. 这戏第一晚上演我们就看了。174 every day/ everyday.every day 连写和分开,不但在句中的作用不同,意义也不同。 every day 是副词词组,意为“每天、天天” ,在句中作状语。如:We go to school every day. .everyday 是形容词,意为“日常的、普通的” ,在句中作定语。如:I study everyday
6、English every day.175 every one/ everyone.every one是“每个”的意思,通常指物,后面常跟 of短语。但跟 of短语的 every one既可指人,也可指物。具体指什么要看 of短语的内容。如: He ate up every one of those apples. 他把那些苹果一个个都吃完了。 Every one of us went there. 我们每个人都去了那儿。.everyone 是代词(=everybody),意思是“每个人、人人” ,但一般不指具体哪个人,后接单数动词。如果需要跟物主代词,应用 their或 his,其后不跟 o
7、f引起的介词短语。如: Is everyone here? Everyone can do it.注every one 后不与 of连用时,即可指人又可指物,指人时与 everyone 相同。如:Everyone (every one) can do it.every one与 of连用必须分开写。everyone 与 not连用,只表示部分否定,并不是每个人的 意思。176 examination/ test/ quiz.examinat ion表示考试的意思时,通常指比较正式的考试,如学期考试、入学考试等。如: We have an examination in English today
8、.我们今天考英语。 The students did very well in the terminal examination. 学生们学期考试成绩很好。 (这里指多门课程的考试,故 examination 用复数形式) Theyve passed the entrance examination for Nanjing Teachers College. 他们通过南京师范学院的入学考试。.test 表示考试的意思时,指小考或考查。如: We are going to have a midterm test next week.。 我们下周进行期中考试。 The teacher gave u
9、s a test in grammer. 老师对我们进行了 语法考查。.quiz 表示小考测验的意思时,指事先无准备,随时进行的短促的测验。如: The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的测验。 How ofter do you have your quiz? 你们多长时间测验一次?177 exciting/ excited. exciting 与 excited 都含有“激动”的意思,在句 中可作定语或表语。exciting 指某事物“令人兴奋、激动” ,主语常是物。如: Skiing is more exditing than
10、 skating. 滑雪比滑冰更令人兴奋。 It was an exciting match. 那是一场激动人心的比赛。. excited 表示某人对某事物“感到兴奋、激动” ,主语常是人。如: The boys were excited when they saw their team was winning 男孩们看到自己的球队要赢了,都十分激动。 The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开各自的圣诞礼物。注意英语中与它有类似用法的词常见的还有:interested 感兴趣的 interesti
11、ng 令人感兴趣的worried 感到着急的 worrying 令人着急的tired 感到疲倦 tiring 令人疲倦的bored 觉得厌烦的 boring 令人厌烦的frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的178 excuse for/ excuse from. excuse for “原谅某事” 。如: He excused me for being late. 他原谅我迟到了。 Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. 请原谅我没经你允许就用了你的电话。. excu
12、se fr om “使免于 ,允许不”如: The teacher excused him from the examination. 教师同意他免试。 The boy was excused from doing housework. 允许这男孩不做家务事。179 expect/ wait .expect 是及物动词,作“期待,预料,指望”解,表“期待某人会来或某事会发生”的意思,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。如: We expected you yesterday. 我们昨天就盼你来。 We expect to meet you again next year. 我们期待明年再见到你。
13、 expect 可引申为汉语的“等待” ,多用于进行时态,主要指“期盼”的心理状态,其后不可接介词 for. 如: Mr Brown was anxious. He was expecting you.布朗先生很焦急,他在等着你来呢?. wait 是不及物动词,常常与 for连用,主要指“等候”的具体行为。如: Xiao Hu is waiting to have a word with you. 小胡等着和你说几句话。 I have a month to wait yet. 我还得等一个月。 We are waiting for a bus. 我们在等公共汽车。180 family/ hom
14、e/ house这三个词都可以作“家”讲。.house 指供一家人住的房子,侧重于具体的建筑物。如:There are four rooms in the house. .family 指由父母、子女所组成的家庭,是集体名词,既可把它看成单数(指整体概念) ,以可视为复数名词(指家庭成员) 。如: His family is a large one. 他的家是一个大家庭。 My family are all watching TV. 我们家的人在看电视。.home 指一个人出生或居住的地方,具有抽象的含义。如:Hise is home near the station. 他的家在火车站附近。另外,home 还可作副词。如:Lets go home.