1、单元语法聚焦(十一),宾语补足语 英语中，有些及物动词后接宾语时，还需要加一个词或短语来补充说明宾语的情况，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、v.ed形式或v.ing形式等。 一、具体情况如下： 1名词作宾语补足语，通常放在call，name，keep，make，find，think，consider等动词之后，补充说明宾语的身份或特性等。eg： We call him Smith.我们都喊他史密斯。,2形容词或副词的原级或比较级作宾语补足语，通常放在make，keep，find，get，let等动词之后，补充说明宾语的状态或特征等。e
2、g： Singing makes her happy.唱歌使她快乐。 3带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常放在ask，tell，like，want，get，teach，order，prefer，warn，advise，remind，wish，would like，would love等动词(短语)之后。eg： My brother often asks me to teach him to play chess.我的弟弟经常叫我教他下象棋。,4省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常放在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等之后。但是
3、，变为被动语态时省去的to要还原。eg： Nobody could make him change his mind.没有人能使他改变主意。 【注意】作动词help的宾语补足语的动词不定式可带to，也可省略to。eg： He often helps his mother (to) do housework.他经常帮助他妈妈做家务。 5v.ed形式或v.ing形式作宾语补足语，通常放在have，make，keep，hear，watch，see，notice，find等动词之后。,【注意】感官动词see，hear，watch等后接省略了to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，往往表示动作的整个过程，着眼于动
4、作已经完成或经常发生；后接ing形式作宾语补足语，则表示动作正在发生或进行。eg： He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高了自己的嗓音让大家能够听到。 I kept my friend waiting at home.我一直叫朋友在家等我。 6介词短语作宾语补足语，通常放在find，make，keep等动词之后。eg： At that time she found herself in trouble.那时，她发现自己处于困境中。,二、make作使役动词的用法： make作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即“使役用法”，在表示“使(要)某人(事物
5、)做什么(怎么样)”时，它除了要有一个“宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才能完整，这种“宾语宾语补足语”是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，其用法有： 1“make名词/代词十形容词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(感到)”。make是谓语动词，名词/代词是make的宾语，后面的形容词或形容词短语在此作宾语补足语。eg： Drinking coffee can make me energetic.喝咖啡能给我活力。,2“make名词/代词动词原形”意为“使某人做某事”，此处的动词原形是省略to的不定式，也作宾补。eg： Cloudy days make me want to sl
6、eep.多云的天气使我想睡觉。 The teacher made her copy the whole text.老师让她抄写整篇课文。 【注意】如果将此类句型改为被动语态，主动语态中的宾补，即不带to的不定式，应改为带to的不定式作主语的补足语。eg： The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.变为被动语态应为：He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.,3“make名词/代词名词(短语)”意为“使某人/某物(变得)”，名词(短语)作宾补。eg： We made him our monito
7、r.我们选他当我们的班长。 4“make宾语过去分词”意为“使某人/某事被”。宾语补足语是过去分词时，宾语是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。eg： We must make it done in two hours.我们必须在两个小时内做完这件事。 5“make宾语现在分词”意为“使某人/某事一直在”。现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。eg： He makes the boy standing all the time.他让那个男孩一直站着。,6make还用于以下短语： make a decision 做决定 make a face/faces 做鬼脸 mak
8、e a mistake/mistakes 出差错；犯错误 make (a) noise 制造噪声 make friends with 与交朋友 make a living 谋生,make progress 取得进步 make sure 确信；弄清楚 make up ones mind 下决心 make the bed 整理床铺 make money 挣钱；赚钱 make a sentence with 用造句,一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1Our teacher advises us (study) hard. 2We often see him (play) football on
9、 the playground. 3We must make computers (serve) us better. 4My parents told me not (spend) too much time watching TV. 5I saw him (play) basketball when I passed the playground. 6My roommate often asks me (teach) her to play chess. 7I am often made (do) some housework.,to study,play,serve,to spend,p
10、laying,to teach,to do,8I just couldnt make myself (understand) while talking to a foreigner. 9The news made me (surprise) 10She was heard (leave) 11Dont get your parents (worry) 12I found him (run),understood,surprised,to leave,worried,running,13How can you get him (study) hard at home? 14I often he
11、ar this song (sing)by many people，but I have never heard her (sing) it. Listen！You can hear her it now.15Soccer makes him (excite),to study,sung,sing,singing,excited,二、单项选择。 ( )16.What will they do with the accident? Ten doctors and five nurses have_a medical team and will start out right now.Aworke
12、d out Bmade up Chelped out Dbelonged to ( )17.The little boy_by his brother this morning. Awas made to cry Bwas made cry Cmade to cry Dmade cry,B,A,( )18.We all like Miss Wang. I agree with you.She always makes her English classes_ Ainterested Binterest Cinteresting Dinterests( )19.The boss made him
13、 work 14 hours a day. That means，he_work 14 hours a day. Awas made Bmade Cwas making Dwas made to,C,D,( )20.His family is poor，so he needs to think of ways to_ Amake a decision Bmake money Cmake progress Dmake sure,B,三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 21那位父亲想让他的女儿学法语。 The father his daughter French. 22他可以听到自己的心跳动(beat)得
14、很快。 He could his heart very fast. 23我发现地上有一块手表。 I found a watch .,wants,to learn,hear,beating,on the ground,24吃得多使他生病了。 Eating too much .25昨晚父亲让我学习到12点钟。 My father till twelve last night.,made him ill,made me study,四、按要求完成句子。 26Hot days make her uncomfortable.(改为否定句) Hot days her uncomfortable. 27Ha
15、rd seats make people stay a_short_time(对画线部分提问)hard seats make people stay? 28They usually make me read two hours a day.(改为被动语态) I usually two hours a day.,dont make,How long do,am,made to read,29I had fun with my friends last Sunday.(改为同义句) I with my friends last Sunday.30It made me kind of angry to wait for him.(改为同义句)for him me kind of angry.,had a good time,Waiting,made,
