1、单元语法聚焦(一),一、介词by的用法 1by表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为“使用某物；靠；乘(车、船)等”。eg： Do you learn English by reading aloud？你通过朗读来学习英语吗？ 2by表示时间，意为“到时(为止)；在以前、不迟于”。eg： I have to go to bed by ten oclock.我必须十点前睡觉。 Can you finish your work by nine oclock？你能在九点前完成你的工作吗？ 3by表示地点、位置，意为“靠近；在旁边”。eg： The boy often reads books b
2、y the river.这个男孩经常在河边读书。,4by表示移动的方向，意为“从旁边过”。eg： He walked by me without speaking.他从我旁边经过，没有说话。 5by表示根据，意为“按照”。eg： What time is it by your watch？你的手表几点了？ 6by表示被抓着的、被接触的身体的某一部分。eg： She took me by the hand.她拉着我的手。,二、动名词用法小结 1动名词在句中作主语 (1)动名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。eg： Doing morning exercises is good for
3、 our health.做早操对我们的健康有好处。 (2)可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。eg： Getting up early is good for your health.Its good for your health to get up early.早起对你的健康有益。,2动名词在句中作宾语 动名词在句中作宾语时，一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。 (1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词有：finish，enjoy，keep，stand(忍受)，suggest，advise，practice，allow，mind，imagine等。eg： The tour
4、ists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round.游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。 Do you mind opening the window？你介意开一下窗户吗？,(2)动名词作介词的宾语，包括以介词结尾的动词短语，如：give up，take part in，be good at等。eg： I know you are good at drawing pictures.我知道你擅长画画。 Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年轻人在植树节那天参
5、加了植树活动。,Learning English is just like learning to ride a bicycle.When learning becomes a kind of habit，well find we can be successful not only in English but also in other subjects.When learning becomes a kind of habit，I think，no，I believe，one day well succeed and the success will belong to us forev
6、er.,一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1Do you often memorize new words by (make) vocabulary lists? 2Can you finish (do) your homework before nine oclock? 3Dont worry about (make) mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English. 4. (help) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship. 5We have worked for
7、three hours.Lets stop (work) and have a rest.,making,doing,making,Helping,working,二、用by的相关短语完成下列句子，每空一词。 6I think the best way to learn English is (听磁带) 7Henry was sitting over there (在窗户旁) 8Shall we go (乘火车)? 9The trees (沿河的) are all very tall. 10John is afraid to stay at home (他自己),by listening to
8、 tapes,by the window,by train,by the river,by himself,三、根据汉语意思完成句子。 11我通过听磁带并大声重复来练习听力。 I practice listening 12她是通过向老师请教来学习化学的。 She studies 13你通过参加物理俱乐部的方式学习物理吗？ Did you study ?,by listening to a tape and repeating out aloud,chemistry by asking the teacher for help,physics by joining a physics club,14谁通过记笔记来学习语法？ Who learns grammar ?15我通常通过记忆句子结构来练习英语。 I usually practice my English ,by taking notes,by memorizing sentence patterns,
