1、（八）动词的分类01 命题趋势 考标导向化近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类动词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的词义辨析及短语动词的辨析，其中，动词和短语动词的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。预计 2015 年动词考查的趋势将是：在具体的语言环境中考查基础动词及其短语动词的辨析。02 定义 概念清晰化动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语
2、)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。03 知识归类 知识网络化动词的种类分类图解类别 功能及用法 例子及物动词 vt.可以接宾语afford,buy,enjoy,keep行为动词不及物动词vi.本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 不可以直接接宾语arrive,cry,die,fall连系动词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构
3、成谓语。be,smell,look,taste助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。do,does,will,shall情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。may, must,can, need特例清单1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑呢。He died of hunger.他死于饥饿。Please listen to the teacher carefully.
4、请仔细听老师讲课。2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词 to 或 for 引导，变成介词短语。能接以 to 引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write 等。如：Could you lend your dictionary to me?请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。能接以 for 引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bri
5、ng,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write 等。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。Ill fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个凳子。【题组训练】( )1.(2014眉山)Who _ the tennis game yesterday?Jack，he _ all the others.A.beat;won B.won;wonC.beat;beat D.won;beat(
6、)2.(2014河南)Choosing the right circle of friends will _ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.A.save B.share C.keep D.bring( )3.(2014十堰)Smart phones are more and more popular now.So they are.But they still _ too much.A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend( )4.(2014山西)During the Wor
7、ld Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has _ a great place for fans to have fun.A.made B.kept C.become( )5.(2014宿迁)Tom is an honest boy，_ he?Yes.We trust him all the time.A.isnt B.is C.does D.doesnt常见连系动词的用法分类图解常用连系动词词义 例句be 是 Im a girl with short hair.become 成为，变得 Mike becomes intere
8、sted in Chinese.turn 变得 Mr. Whites face turned red.get 变得 The weather is getting bad.smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice.sound 听起来 The plan sounds good.taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious.stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow 成长，变得 Her hair is growing white.keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the ti
9、me.feel 感到，摸起来The coat feels very softlook 看起来 My mother looks very young.注意 1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。2.含连系动词(be 除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词 do,does,did 等。【题组训练】( )6.(2014眉山)Shall we go for a walk? _great.A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks( )7.(2014荆州)Do you like swimming in winter?Of course.The wate
10、r _ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks( )8.(2014河北)Mom is making dinner. It_ so nice!A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds( )9.(2014宿迁)Your trainers _ colourful.Yes.And they are popular among young people.A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look( )10.(2014乐
11、山)I cant stand the smell of the stinking tofu.Would you like to have a try? It _ quite delicious!A.looks B.sounds C.tastes情态动词的用法分类图解情态动词意义及用法 例句表示“请求许可” ，意思是“可以，可能” ，其一般疑问句的否定回答为 mustnt。May I go out and play football?No,you mustnt. may表推测，意思是“可能” 。Mr.Li may be at home.表示“能力” ，意思是“能，会” ，否定形式为 cant,c
12、ouldnt。Mike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见” ，could比 can 的语气更委婉、客气。Could you tell me something about your school?表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。He cant be at home. He has gone to Japan.can(could)can 用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to 可以用于各种时态。He can spell these word
13、s.He has been able to draw pictures already.表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该” ，否定形式为mustnt，意思是“不应该，不允许” ，表示警告。You must be careful next time.You mustnt take photos here.must表示推测，意为“必 He must be in the 定” 。 room.表示说话人的主观看法。I must go home now.must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have to；否定回答时用 neednt 或dont have to。Must I fini
14、sh the homework today?No,you neednt/you dont have to.表示“需要” ，多用于否定句。He neednt worry about it.need 作实义动词，后接动词不定式。Im very tired and I need to have a rest.【题组训练】( )11.(2014台州)Are you interested in shopping online?Not so much. We_see real products but pictures.A.shouldnt B.cantC.mustnt D.neednt( )12.(20
15、14威海)Bob，Where is Linda?She _ be in the library.But I am not sure.A.must B.may C.need D.has to( )13.(2014菏泽)Look，someone left a book.Oh，yeahThis book_ be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books.A.can B.must C.may D.might( )14.(2014福州)Lisa ，hurry up! The bus is coming.Oh，no. We _ cross the
16、street until the traffic lights turn green.A.mustnt B.neednt C.should( )15.(2014江西)Last year I _ drive.I used to take the bus.A.could B.couldntC.should D.shouldnt短语动词分类图解类别 实例 汉义add up 加起来break out 爆发动词+ carry on 坚持下去；继续下去change into 转换成；变成clean up 清除；收拾干净clear up 整理，收拾；(天气)放晴come back 回来；想起来come do
17、wn 落下来come in 进入，进来cut down 砍倒cut off 切断cut up 切碎eat up 吃光，吃完fall behind 落在后面；输给别人find out 发现；查明get along 取得进展get together 聚会，联欢get up 起床give away 分发；赠送give back 归还,送回give in 屈服give out 分发；用完，耗尽give up 放弃go ahead 继续go away 走开，离去go on 继续grow up 长大成人，成长hand in 上交；交纳hand out 分发hold on 坚持；(打电话)别挂断keep o
18、n 继续(进行)let in 让进来，放进look ahead 向前看look up 查找pay back 偿还(借款等)pick up 拾起，捡起；开车接；学会point out 指出，标明put off 推迟put on 穿；戴上；上演put up 举起；张贴start off 出发stay up 熬夜take off 脱下；起飞turn down 声音调小turn in 上交turn off 关闭副词wake up 唤醒，醒来watch out 当心work out 计算出动agree with 赞同，同意(某人的看法)arrive at/in 到达ask for 请求；询问base o
19、n 以为依据belong to 属于break into 破门而入call for 需要；呼吁care for 在乎，关心come from 来自deal with 处理；对付depend on/upon 依靠；相信；依赖get over 克服get to 到达go by 走过，经过go over 仔细检查；复习knock at 敲laugh at 嘲笑learn from 向学习look after 照顾look at 看，观看look for 寻找look like 看起来像pass by 经过point to 指向quarrel with (和某人)争吵stand for 代表(某事物)
20、；支持stick to 坚持talk about 谈论，议论think about 考虑think of 想起，想出；认为词+介词wait for 等待add up to 加起来总计catch up with 赶上come up with 想出get along with 相处go on with 继续进行keep away from 远离keep up with 跟上；和保持联系look down on/upon看不起动词+副词+介词look forward to盼望look out of 朝外看make up of 由组成，构成run out of 耗尽注意:对于动词+副词类的短语，如果是
21、名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。【题组训练】( )16.(2014咸宁)When will your new book _?It has not been decided yet.A.find out B.come outC.look up D.set up( )17.(2014山西)Mum.I did
22、best in our group discussion today.Well done! I _ you.A.am mad at B.am patient withC.am proud of( )18.(2014河南)This bus doesnt go to the train station.Im afraid youll have to _ at the library and take the A52.A.take off B.put offC.get off D.turn off( )19.(2014十堰)The song Where did the time go _ the o
23、ld days and the love of family.Sure.Its my favorite song.A.helps us out B.reminds us ofC.lets us down D.regards us as( )20.(2014安徽)As time _，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.A.goes by B.runs outC.takes off D.turns up04 整合集训 反馈层级化( )1.Can I borrow your English book,please?Sur
24、e.But you must _ it to me soon.A.keep B.buyC.return D.hold( )2.Have you ever listened to the song Baby?Yes,it _ wonderful.All of us like it very much.A.smells B.sounds C.looks D.tastes( )3.How about the silk skirt?It _ soft!Ill take it.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels( )4.After the serious illness
25、,he finally _ how important health is.A.realized B.meantC.added D.impressed( )5.The old mans eyesight isnt very good.He often _ Tim for Jim.A.regards B.treatsC.mistakes D.thinks( )6.Why is Lily so popular among the students?Because she often_us with help and care.A.gives B.offersC.provides D.support
26、s( )7.Do you think Houston Rockets will beat Lakers?Yes.They have better players,so I _ them to win.A.hope B.think C.depend D.expect( )8.How long do you think the terrible weather will_?Why not listen to the weather report?A.appear B.last C.change D.discover( )9.Listen! The whole class is quiet now.
27、 It _ that everyone falls asleep.A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.gets( )10.The children are making too much noise.I cant _ it.A.stand B.hear C.consider D.know( )11.Wow,the dish _ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it?A.keeps B.tastes C.sounds D.feels( )12.Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy?Beca
28、use her best friend didnt _ her to go on a picnic.A.make B.letC.invite D.refuse( )13.David _ his friends invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest.A.expected B.refusedC.received D.told( )14.Whos that boy in the red coat?He is my new friend.Let me _him to you.A.introduce
29、B.tellC.promise D.say( )15.What about the picture over there?It _ nice.A.tastes B.gets C.looks D.sounds( )16.May I go to the cinema,Mum?Certainly.But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A.can B.may C.must D.need( )17. _I speak to May,please?Im sorry she _ come to the phone because she is busy now.A.Might;won
30、t B.Can;mustntC.May;cant D.Could;shouldnt( )18.I want to know if I _ smoke here.No,you_ .Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?A.can;neednt B.must;cantC.shall;wont D.can;mustnt( )19.My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _ look it up.A.must B.should C.would D.has to( )20._ you p
31、ass me the dictionary,please?Sure.Here you are.A.Could B.Need C.Must D.Might( )21.Must I go there with you?No,you_ .David _ go with me.A.mustnt;can B.cant;mustC.dont;should D.neednt;may( )22.You _ be careful when crossing the roadthe traffic lights arent working.A.might B.should C.could D.may( )23.C
32、ould I borrow your ruler?Yes,of course you _.A.will B.should C.can D.need( )24.Ive taken someone else s green sweater by mistake.It _ Henrys.He always wears green.A.has to be B.will beC.mustnt be D.could be( )25.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but luckily everyone _ get out.A.had to B
33、.wouldC.was able to D.could( )26.Is Paul coming by train?He should,but he _.He likes driving his car.A.cant B.needntC.may not D.mustnt( )27.Isnt that Anns husband over there?No,it _ be him.Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.must not C.won t D.may not( )28.Susan,you _ leave all your clothes on t
34、he floor like this!A.wouldnt B.mustntC.neednt D.may not( )29.Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. Who_ it be? Is it Zhu Lei?No.It _ be her.She is at school now.A.will;may not B.must;mustntC.may;cant D.may;wont( )30.Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very exp
35、ensive.A.must B.can C.mustnt D.cant( )31.Do you know if he is still living?Im not sure.I think he _die in a battle in 1943.A.have to B.shouldC.must D.might( )32.You can sit and read the books here if you _.Thank you very much.A.can B.will C.may D.must( )33.Must I wash all the clothes this afternoon?
36、No,you_.A.dont have to B.mustntC.cant D.may not( )34._ the work be finished by the end of this week?Yes,it must.A.Will B.Shall C.Need D.Can( )35._ I go there at once?No,I dont think you _ now.Its still early.A.Can;have to B.Do;need toC.Need;must D.May;would( )36.Tom,its cold outside. _your coat when
37、 you go out.OK,Mum.A.Take off B.Take awayC.Put away D.Put on( )37.I work very hard because I dont want to_ .A.let my parents downB.let down my parentsC.let my parents to be disappointedD.let my parents go( )38.When will Han Hans new book _?Sorry,I dont know.Im looking forward to his new book,too.A.c
38、ome on B.come outC.come in D.come over( )39.Great changes have taken place in this city.Right.Many modern buildings have been _ these days.A.turned up B.put upC.shown up D.fixed up( )40.Dont worry!Im sure youll _ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.A.catch up with B.agree withC.get along well with D.make friends with参考答案：(八)动词的分类题组训练15DABCA610BAADC1115BBBAB1620BCCBA整合集训15CBDAC610CDBAA1115BCBAC1620CCDDA2125DBCDC2630CABCA3135DBACC3640DABBC
