1、第二部分 语法专题突破篇专题一 名词,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势编者按：系统分析河北近 5 年试题，重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题，逐命题点统计考查频次，表格直观呈现，并在各命题后批注考情，便于快速把握重点，逐一攻克。考纲要求1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专有名词 4.名词所有格考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值名词词义辨析201529 printer/radio player/camera 1 分43 glass/weight/water/height 1 分44 minute/night/day/week 1 分45 mother/teacher/doctor/frie
2、nd 1 分201430 ice/soup/salt/sugar 1 分46 boys/girls/men/women 1 分50 town/market/garden/school 1 分55 pay/time/advice/love 1 分201329 color/size/smell/shape 1 分49 fear/trouble/surprise/danger 1 分50 titles/orders/stories/questions 1 分51 discussion/practice/ 1 分meeting/review201230 potato/banana/candy/pie
3、1 分53 results/films/prizes/drawings 1 分55 chance/practice/difference/experience 1 分201130 prize/prizes/hobby/hobbies 1 分48 advice/picture/idea/card 1 分52 note/word/address/letter 1 分名词单复数201579 riverrivers 1 分80 wishwishes 1 分2013 81 footfeet 1 分2012 85 festivalfestivals 1 分名词转换201182 sciencescienti
4、st 1 分82 playplayers 1 分分析河北近 5 年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点，且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析，句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合，注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合，侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在 912 个。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格的考查。预计 2016 年河北中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会
5、涉及 23 道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。,河北中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格s 所有格的构成及用法of 所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语名词辨析【考点抢测】( )1.If Peter comes to us by any chance，please ask him to leave a _Aletter BsentenceCmessage Dnotice(
6、)2.(2015 石家庄 42 中模拟)If you go to visit London，dont forget to bring your _. Because it rains a lot.Apassport BmoneyCmap Dumbrella( )3.(2015 石家庄 28 中模拟)Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students.Aduty BhobbyChabit Dmanner( )4.(2015 保定 13 中模拟)Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is
7、always full of _Aknowledge BenergyCchange Dcourage( )5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit BjobCmenu Dskill( )6.I want to write for international _ to become a writer.Achairs BcomputersCdoors Dmagazines( )7.The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings BtroublesC
8、questions Dinformation( )8.(2015 唐山友谊中学模拟)Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors BplayersCwaiters Dwriters( )9.Please pick me up at the _. My plane arrives at 8：00 am.Ahotel BairportCmuseum Dtheatre( )10.(2015 保定 17 中模拟)I will stay at _ when the summer holiday come.Ahouse BhomeCfa
9、mily D flat( )11.Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat BspaceCplace Droom( )12.(2015 张家口 9 中模拟)Now there are more and more new drivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea BfeelingCexperience Dsense【满分点拨】分析河北中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。1语境辨析分析河北中考近几年单选和完形，名
10、词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。学生可结合河北试题研究话题词汇分类速记表中常见名词基本词义，并背诵教材中常见的固定搭配。2近义词辨析近义名词在河北中考中没有涉及，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。1family，home，house 与 room2noise，sound 与 voice3question 与 problem4work 与 job5message，information 与 news6village ，city 与 countrys
11、ide7clothes ，cloth 与 clothing8photo，picture 与 drawing9population 与 people10road ，street ，path 与 way11exercise，exercises 与 practice12class 与 lesson13country，nation，state 与 land14police 与 policeman15trip，journey，travel 与 tour名词的数【考点抢测】一、词语运用woman foot apple sheep glass1The students of Grade 7 visited
12、Mikes farm and saw many _ there.2All the _ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _ a little cheaper?5These shoes are too big for my _二、 单项选择( )6.(2015 唐山友谊中学模拟)Hurry
13、up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.Aminute BminutesCchance Dchances( )7.(2015 沧州 14 中模拟)I gave a bunch(束) of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers BflowerCflour Dflours( )8.(2015 保定 13 中模拟) Mom，Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cook
14、ed meat.Achicken BchickensCa chicken Dthe chicken( )9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes， there are.AGermen BGermansCGerman DGermany( )10.Do you have any _？Yes， I like chess and drama best.Ajobs BjobChobby Dhobbies【满分点拨】1名词的分类类别 意义 例词专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组 织等名称的词 Alice，Canada ，the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名
15、词 表示个体的人或事物的词 book， desk，table，bike ，plane集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词 family，class，police，team，group不可数名词物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料 的词 glass， water， air，paper，wood抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 抽象概念的词 danger，health，love ，success，interest2.可数名词单复数变化规律情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 加s capcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driver drivers以字母 s，sh，ch ，x 等结尾 加
16、es busbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 esladyladies ； centurycenturies； familyfamilies ；storystories以 f 或 fe 结尾 一般变 f，fe 为 v，再加es leafleaves；life lives；halfhalves；knifeknives以 o 结尾 o 前为辅音音素时加es ，o前为元音音素时加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes ；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，pho
17、tophotos ；pianopianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数 toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母 footfeet ；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice词尾加ren childchildren单复数同形 ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把 man 改成men。但 German 不是合成
18、词，故其复数形式为直接加s。(2)man 和 woman 作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cook women cooks(女厨师)3常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物 bread 面包 meat 肉 cheese 奶酪液体 milk 牛奶 water 水 wine 酒 oil 油自然物体 soil 土壤 sand 沙子 wood 木头抽象名词情感 joy 高兴 friendship 友情 peace 和平学科 math 数学 geography 地理physics 物理
19、 chemistry 化学概念 population 人口 knowledge 知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of 一块 a bottle of 一瓶a group of 一群 a pair of 一组，一双，一对a piece of 一片(张，块) a pile of 一堆短语 a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是 pair(piece)(pieces)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是 two pairs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是 two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。(3)可数与不可数易混
20、归纳exercise(锻炼) some exercises(练习，训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)wood(木头，木材) a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room( 房间)life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)名词所有格【考点抢测】1One of my _ homework wasnt handed in today.(classmate)2When is _ Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.(child)( )3.How far is your hom
21、e from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours C hours D hour( )4.(2015 石家庄 41 中模拟)On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centersDcitiess center( )5.(2015 石家庄 28 中模拟)Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba frien
22、d of mineCa friend of you Da friend of yours【满分点拨】含有 and 的所有格用 and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加s，用 A and Bs 表示。如：Mrs. King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。用 and 连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加s，用 As and Bs 表示。如：There are Toms and Marys bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。双重所有格两种形式：of名词所有格。如：He is a friend o
23、f my brothers.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。of名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？,河北中考考点精练( )1.(2015 德州中考)The New York Times is a popular daily _.Adictionary BmagazineCnewspaper Dguidebook( )2.(2015 广安中考)How many _ can you see in the picture?Two.Adog Bchild Csheeps Dsheep( )3.(2015 凉山中考)_fathers didnt come
24、 to the meeting.Why?Because they have gone to Beijing.AJeffs and Amys BJeff and AmyCJeffs and Amy DJeff and Amys( )4.(2015 温州中考)Annie has a _，and she is going to see her dentist today.Acold B fever C cough Dtoothache( )5.(2015 重庆中考 A 卷)Dave really likes driving.I think being a _ is just right for hi
25、m.Adoctor BteacherCfarmer D driver( )6.(2015 临沂中考)I live near the station.Its only about five _ walk.Aminutes BminuteCminutes Dminutes( )7.(2015 天津中考)In 1998，Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.Aability BtradeCelectricity Dmemory( )8.(2015 承德 2 中模拟) Are all the students from _in your
26、 class?No，there are only 3 _in our class.The others are from other countries.AGermany；GermenBGermany；GermansCGerman；GermansDGerman；Germany( )9.(2015 武威中考)He has a collection of _He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters.Astamps BnovelsCinstruments Dmagazines( )10.(2015 兰州中考)You pa
27、id ￥10 for _this morning.A4 bottle milksB4 bottles of milkC4 bottles of milksD4 milk( )11.(2015 邯郸 25 中模拟)None of them talked.They finished their meal in _Asilence BorderCplace Dpublic( )12.(2015 保定 8 中模拟) Whats your favorite，Jim?My favorite is _.I often listen to it on MP3.Asports BdanceCscience Dm
28、usic( )13.(2015 河南中考)Is this photo taken in Tibet?Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountain in the _ of the photo.Aform BbackgroundCshape Dinstruction( )14.(2015 邢台金华中学模拟)Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents.Asatisfaction BdevelopmentCcommunication Dpreparation( )15.(2015
29、济南中考)Im a little hungry now.I only drank some _ before I came to school.Abread BmilkCbanana Dnoodle( )16.(2015 宁夏中考)Listen! Who is singing?Its Betty.She has a sweet _.Asound BvoiceCnoise Dspeech( )17.(2015 石家庄 40 中模拟)There are fifty _ in our school.They are all friendly to us.Awoman teachers Bwomen
30、teacherCwoman teacher Dwomen teachers( )18.(2015 张家口 9 中模拟) You look so young! How old are you?Aha! Its a_.Asuggestion BreasonCsecret Dproblem( )19.(2015 保定 17 中模拟)The customers are pleased with the_ of the restaurant.Abalance BexperienceCsurface Dservice( )20.(2016 原创预测)Knowledge can help open up the _ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.Astudents BstudentsCstudents Dstudent
