1、题型四 还原句子,题型特点该题型要求考生根据短文内容，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的句子填入短文空白处，其考查内容有细节与细节的关系、主题与细节的关系以及大主题与小主题的关系等。,解题策略一、解题技巧1把握文章整体，了解文章大意首先通读全文，掌握文章大意。解此类题的关键是把握文章的整体意义，特别要分析文章前后内容之间的联系，以保持文章内容的连贯性、结构的紧凑性以及逻辑的严密性，并作为还原句子的依据。2分析选项，瞻前顾后认真分析选项及文章，尤其是文章空格处前后两句话中的代词究竟指代的是什么。可以参照时间的先后顺序，前后因果关系等；也可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，通过下句的信息推断上句的信息。这
2、样前后对照、承上启下、上贯下通，抓住文章的脉络，更容易恢复原文的语义。3根据空格位置，判断选项特征(1)空格位于段首时：此时，空格处通常为该段的主题句，找到该段的关键词，选项中能与之接近的即为答案。(2)空格位于段尾时：空格处有时为该段的主题句( 同上)；有时为总结句，即首尾呼应之句，此时应着重看首句，对照选项，找出重合之解；有时为承上启下的过渡句，此时应注意下段文章，找出下段文章的关键词，对照选项，与本段重合的即为答案。(3)空格位于段中时：空格若在主题句后，则为主题句之扩展句，找出与关键词有关的选项；空格若在段中间，则依据前后句判断。(4)空格为独立段时：此时应注意看空格上、下两段的文意，
3、判断是顺承还是转承，若前后所讲的为同一个意思，则空格段为论据；若前后所讲的为几个不同的意思，则空格段或为过渡段，或为新话题段，注意找出含有下段关键词的选项。注意：当选项中出现了序数词或选择性代词时，如secondly，the third，on the other hand，another等，一定要注意看文章中是否已“埋伏”了这些词的对应词。一般来说，出现这些词时，可首先考虑该选项。4重读还原后的原文，验证答案与原文是否连贯，选项选好后，应将所选的选项代入文中去验证，检查全篇文章是否贯通流畅，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，相近的选项是否颠倒顺序，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系，等等。二、解题步骤1读
4、选项，画关键词，暗排序。2读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。3先易后难来解题。4回读文章定答案。解题步骤口诀：读原文，了大意；读选项，找关系；先填易，找顺序；定答案，回读文。三、得分技巧1抓住过渡词，看住上下句。2盯紧横线的前后词语。(2017成都中考)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出适当的选项补全短文，并将选项编号字母依次填入题号后横线上。As time goes by，are you still the same person you were? Many of you would think you are.1._ You could be a completely different per
5、son when you get old.Psychologists(心理学家)at the UKs University of Edinburgh did the study on a group of Scottish people. 2._In 1950，a group of teachers gave over 1，200 14yearold students personality tests.3._ They were selfconfidence，sense of responsibility ，perseverance( 耐性) ，strong wishes to win，cr
6、eativity and moods(情绪)In 2012，researchers successfully found 174 of those 1，200 students and gave them a test similar to the one they had received before.4._ They were surprised to find great changes to all six personality traits of these people.5._ It was “as if the second test had been given to di
7、fferent people.” the study reported.In the past，personality was widely believed to be unchangeable.This new study may bring some fresh ideas to the world.AThey tested six basic personality traits.BThen they compared the thenandnow test results.来源:学优高考网CThey wanted to know if peoples personality was
8、unchangeable.DBut according to a new study，your personality can change greatly.EThe younger and older self seemed to be totally different for each person.FThe research found almost everyones personality changed when they grew old. 来源:学优高考网【短文大意】通过浏览全文，我们可知这篇短文是一篇科普知识类阅读，主要介绍过去，人们普遍认为人格是不可改变的，随着时间的推移
9、，人的性格会发生变化，短文用实验的结果来证明这一个结论。1【答案】D【解析】选句题。根据上句As time goes by，are you still the same person you were？Many of you would think you are.“随着时间的流逝，你还是原来的你吗？你们很多人都会认为自己是。”可知，下句应该是“但是根据一项新的研究，你的个性可能会发生很大的变化。”，选D 。2【答案】F【解析】选句题。根据上句Psychologists(心理学家)at the UKs University of Edinburgh did the study on a gro
10、up of Scottish people.“英国爱丁堡大学的心理学家对一群苏格兰人做了这项研究。”可知，下句应该是“研究发现，几乎每个人的性格随着年龄的增长而改变。”，选F。3【答案】A【解析】选句题。根据上句In 1950，a group of teachers gave over 1，200 14yearold students personality tests.“1950，一组教师对1 200多名14岁学生进行了性格测试。”及下句They were selfconfidence，sense of responsibility，perseverance， strong wishes t
11、o win，creativity and moods.“他们有自信、责任感、毅力、强烈的获胜愿望、创造力和情绪。”可知，中间应该是“他们测试了六个基本的性格特征。”，选A。4【答案】B【解析】选句题。根据上句In 2012，researchers successfully found 174 of those 1，200 students and gave them a test similar to the one they had received before.“2012年，研究人员成功地找到了 1 200个学生中的174个，并给他们做了一个类似于他们以前接受过的测试。”可知，下句应该是
12、“然后他们比较了当时和现在的测试结果。”，选B。5【答案】E【解析】选句题。根据上句They were surprised to find great changes to all six personality traits of these people.“他们惊奇地发现这些人的六个性格特征都发生了巨大的变化。”可知，下句应该是“年轻的自己和老的自己每个人看起来都完全不同”，选E。,实战演练A(2017南充中考 )阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项只能用一次。In Britain，Boxing Day is usually celebrated
13、 on December 26th.1._C_ This means its not a working day in the whole of Britain.When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday，the following Monday is the public holiday.2_E_ One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages，when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land，a Christmas
14、 Box was placed by a priest(神父) on each ship.Those sailors who wanted a safe return would drop money into the box.3._B_One more thought is about the “Alms Box”placed in every church on Christmas Day.Worshippers(做礼拜的人) put gifts for the poor into it.These boxes were always opened the day after Christ
15、mas.4._A_Today， many businesses，organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by giving away money to Food Banks，providing gifts for the poor，or helping families in need.5._D_AThat is why that day became known as Boxing Day.BIt was sealed up(密封) and kept on board
16、until the ship came home safely.来源:学优高考网gkstkCLike Christmas Day，Boxing Day is a public holiday.DBesides，spending time with family and shopping are necessary activities on Boxing Day now.EThe exact origin( 起源) of the holiday is unclear.B(2017河南中考)根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。Starting
17、high school is a great experience for any teenager.Whether you are coming from a middle school(grades six through eight) or a junior high school(grades seven through nine)，there are many things about high that are different from your old school environment.1._A_You will face being in a new school，ma
18、king new friends in an unfamiliar class and getting to know new teachers.These new teachers will usually have higher academic(学术的) level than your middle and juniorhigh schoolteachers.2._B_ In return，they expect you to work hard and develop your skills.On top of all this，peer pressure( 同伴压力) to drin
19、k and smoke often increases in high school.3._E_ Although there is a lot of pressure，it is nothing you cannot deal with.If you are feeling pressure to do something that you feel is wrong，talk to a friend，parent or counselor to find a solution(解决).4._D_ If you are not succeeding academically， find so
20、meone to help you.If you feel lonely，try to join a school club or group to make new friends.5_C_ With time，you will come to be thankful for everything about your experience.On the point of starting your high school，are you ready?AYou will experience many changes.BThey want to help you get into colle
21、ge.CHigh school may seem discouraging at first.DThey are there to help you get into this great new time in your life.EBesides ，the pressure could also come from grades，loneliness and so on.C(2017福建中考 )阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。Teenage lifebetter now，or in the past?Does this si
22、tuation sound familiar(熟悉)?You are complaining(抱怨) to your parents about something.Maybe your computer isnt powerful enough to play the latest games.1._C_ Then you hearWhen I was your age，there werent any computers or video games.And I didnt get a bike until I was sixteen.And it was secondhand.2._A_
23、 So，is it really true that life is better for teenagers now？It is certainly true that many teenagers have got more things nowadays.3._B_ So parents have got more money to spend on each child.And many things are cheaper than they were when our parents were children.4_E_ Forty years ago，no one could i
24、magine a world with tiny computers and amazing smartphones.And now these things are necessarywe cant imagine living without them!However，technology often means we spend more time at home.And often its just us，with our computer or television.Teenagers dont do enough exercise.5._D_ And，although young
25、people still get on well with their friends， some people think teenagers today dont have so many social activities as they did in the past.What do you think？How is teenage life better these days?来源:gkstk.ComAAnd it was too big for me.BA typical family is smaller now.COr your friends bikes are better than yours.DSo they arent as healthy as they were in the past.ETechnology is probably the greatest change in our life.来源:gkstk.Com请完成精练本第22页作业
