1、第34课时 动词的时态动词的时态是中考考查的重点内容，初中阶段涉及了以下八种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去将来时、过去完成时，其中前六种是常用时态，要求重点掌握。对于动词的时态的考查主要涉及以下考点：1掌握常用的六种时态的构成、用法以及标志性时间状语；2理解过去将来时和过去完成时的用法。一般现在时1构成(1)be(am/is/are)表语(名词、形容词等)(2)实义动词用原形或单三人称单数形式2用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用 ，如often ，sometimes ，usually，always，once/twi
2、ce a week/month，every day/week/month，on Sunday等。如：Lucy often goes to school by bike.露西经常骑自行车去上学。I brush my teeth twice a day.我一天刷两次牙。(2)表示主语现在的状态、性格、身份、能力等。如：Lily is more outgoing than Linda.莉莉比琳达更开朗。Peter likes beef noodles.彼得喜欢牛肉面。(3)表示客观事实、真理或用于格言警句中。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Practi
3、ce makes perfect.熟能生巧。来源:gkstk.Com(4)某些动词如come ，go，leave等，可用一般现在时( 或现在进行时) 表示一般将来时，这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车将于明天早上六点出发。The bus is coming soon.公交车快来了。(现在进行时表示即将发生的动作)【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1Of all the mountains，Qomolangma _rises _ (rise)the highest and is the
4、most famous.2My father is a teacher and he _teaches_ (teach)in a middle school.3Uncle John _goes_ for a walk after supper every day.一般过去时1构成(1)be(was/were)表语(名词、形容词等 )(2)实义动词用动词的过去式，要注意常用不规则动词的过去式2用法表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，the day before yesterday，last night/week/year，an
5、hour/two days ago，a moment ago(just now)，in 2014，when he was very young等。如：She worked in a hospital last year.她去年在一家医院工作。注意：(1)一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often ，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。 如：My father always drove to work last year.去年我爸爸总是开车去上班。(2)“used to动词原形”也可表示过去的习惯或状态。如：The river used to be clean，but now i
6、ts polluted.这条河过去很干净，但现在它被污染了。【即时训练】来源:学优高考网用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1My dog wanted a walk ，but I _was_ (be)too tired.2As I was waiting in line with others，I _heard_ (hear) a loud sound.3Grace_saw_ (see)the film Beauty and the Beast two days ago.一般将来时1构成(1)will/shall动词原形 (shall用于第一人称)(2)be(am/is/are)going to
7、动词原形2用法(1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用 ，如tonight ，tomorrow，soon，next week/year ，in the future，in一段时间等。如：I will go to visit my grandparents next week.下周我将去看望我的( 外)祖父母。(2)“be going to动词原形”可表示按计划、安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事。如：Theyre going to have a football match next Friday.下周五他们将举行一场足球赛。Look at the dark c
8、louds! It is going to rain.看这些乌云！要下雨了。【即时训练】来源:gkstk.Com用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1Neither the headmaster nor the teachers_are_ (be)going to take a vacation next week.2I _will_cook_ (cook)Chinese dishes for my foreign friends tomorrow evening.3I wonder if she_will_call _ (call)me when she arrives.现在进行时1构成：be(
9、am/is/are)现在分词(v.ing)2用法(1)表示现在(说话瞬间 )正在进行或发生的动作，常和now，at present等时间状语连用。Look！和Listen! 也是现在进行时的提示语。如：Its 6：30 pm now.My mother is cooking dinner. 现在是下午六点半。妈妈正在做晚饭。(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作， 此刻不一定在进行，常和these days连用。如：We are working on a farm these days.这些天我们一直在农场工作。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1Pass the ra
10、incoat to me.It _is_raining_ (rain)hard now.2Dont enter the area.The students _are_taking_ (take)an English exam.3Be quiet.The baby _is_sleeping_ (sleep)过去进行时1构成：be(was/were)现在分词(v.ing)2用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与以下时间状语连用：this time yesterday，at 9：00 last night，at that moment ，then，when my mother cam
11、e(即 when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句)等。如：I was doing my homework at 8：00 last night.昨天晚上八点我正在做作业。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1Frank took a photo of her girlfriend while she _was_singing_ (sing) at the party.2The girl _was_waiting_ (wait) for the bus when the rainstorm came.3I saw Tom and Jack in the playground ye
12、sterday afternoon.They _were_playing_ (play) games with their classmates then.现在完成时1构成：have/has过去分词2用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用时间状语：already，yet，just，never ，ever，before ，so far，recently ， in the last/past years等。如：I have had breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了。( 现在我不饿了。)注意：already用于肯定句中 ， 意为“已经”，可放在句中或句末； yet用于
13、疑问句中，意为“已经”，yet用于否定句中，意为“还”，常放在句末。(2)表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语 (these days，for 时间段 ，since 过去时间点，since一般过去时的从句)连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。如：They have been friends for 30 years.他们成为朋友已经三十年了。3现在完成时需要注意的几点(1)since与for的用法区别：单词 词性 含义来源:gkstk.Com 用法since since过去时间点(如具体的年、月 、日期、钟点等 )介词来源:学优高考网since一段时间ago
14、连词自以来since从句 (一般过去时)for 介词 表示一 段时间 for时间段( 谓语动词为延续性动词)I have lived here since 2008.自从 2008年我就住在这儿了。She has taught English since 10 years ago.She has taught English for 10 years.她教英语十年了。Great Changes have taken place since you left.自从你走后，发生了很大的变化。(2)have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in的
15、区别：have/has been to “去过某地” (现在已经回来了)。常与ever，never，twice等词连用。have/has gone to “去某地了”(人不在说话现场)。只能用于第三人称。have/has been in “在某地待了多久”(强调从过去到现在一直待在某地)。通常与一段时 间连用。I have never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。Where is Amy？埃米在哪儿？She has gone to the library.她去图书馆了。Mr Smith has been in Shanghai for five years.史密斯先生在上海
16、已经待了五年了。(3)延续性动词转化为非延续性动词与 “for时间段 ”连用的动词须为延续性动词，若是非延续性动词 ，则要转换成与之对应的延续性动词。常见非延续性动词与延续性动词(词组 )的转换如下：arrive/reach/become/come/gobe begin/startbe on borrowkeep buyhave catch a coldhave a cold come backbe back closebe closed die be dead fall asleep/illbe asleep/ill finishbe overget upbe up joinbe in/be
17、 a member of leave be away (from) openbe open put onwear注意：并非有 “for时间段”作状语的句子都用现在完成时。如：Im going away for a few days.我要离开几天。(4)固定句型：It is/has been一段时间since从句(一段时间has passedsince从句)。意为“ (自从)多长时间了。” 如：It has been two years since I graduated from university.(Two years has passed since I graduated from u
18、niversity.)我大学毕业两年了。4现在完成时和一般表示过去时的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last weekend，two days ago，in 2007等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：She has lived here since 2000.自从2000年起她就住在这里。(她现在还住在这里。)She lived here in 2000.2000年她住在这里。(不涉及她现在是否还住在这里。)【即时训练】用括号内所给
19、单词的适当形式填空。1I_have_visited_ (visit)the Science Museum twice.Ive learned a lot there.2She_has_been_ (be)away from her home town for a long time.She really miss it.3This medicine _has_saved_(save)millions of peoples lives since it was put into use.过去将来时1构成(1)would动词原形(2)be(was/were)going to动词原形2用法(1)表示
20、从过去某时看到将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如：He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们的。(2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would动词原形。如：Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。(3)“was/were going to动词原形”这种结构表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。如：She was not going to do anything that evening.那天晚
21、上她不准备做任何事。(注：此时态理解其用法即可)【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。She hoped that they_would_meet_ (meet)again someday.过去完成时1构成：had过去分词2用法(1)表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，常和以下时间状语连用：by the time，一段时间 before，when/before 一般过去时的从句等。如：By the time I got back to school，the bell had rang.我到学校的时候，铃已经响了。(2)表示从过
22、去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态，谓语动词应用延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用(如for 一段时间 )。如：When he was born，his grandfather had been dead for one year.他出生的时候，他的爷爷已经去世一年了。(注：此时态理解其用法即可)【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Before I got to the train station，the train_had_left_ (leave),过关检测.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1I still remember my happy childhood
23、when my mother_took_ (take)me to Disneyland at weekends.2Just go down the road，and you _will_see _ (see)the library next to the bank.3Alice，please turn down the music.I _am _answering_ (answer)an important phone now.4Well begin our meeting when Helen _comes_ (come)5Li Mei _was_helping_ (help)her mot
24、her make dinner when her father got home from work.6Uncle Hu _has_lived_ (live)in Kunming since 1980，so he knows a lot about the city.7My teacher told me that light _travels_ (travel)faster than sound.8He _was_ (be) able to swim when he was only four.9I _was _taking_ (take)a shower in the bathroom a
25、t 8 oclock last night.10I dont feel very well，Peter.Im afraid you _have_given_ (give)me your cold.根据句意及汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。 1He _has _worked_ (工作 )in Chongqing since seven years ago.2My father_will_come_ (回来)back in a week.3Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens whil
26、e you _are_climbing_ (爬)it.4The hotel always _provides_ (提供)good service for tourists.5I_was_cleaning_ (打扫)the streets in our neighbourhood this time yesterday when you called me.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。keep，review ，cover，talk，celebrate1Mary _was_talking_ on the phone，so I just nodded to her and went
27、 away.2I _have_kept _ the books for three weeks，so I have to renew them this afternoon.3Mike _will_celebrate_ his grandpas birthday next Sunday.4Could you please turn down the TV? Your brother _is_reviewing_ his lessons.5France is a beautiful country and _covers_ an area of over 260，000 square miles.请完成精练本第62页作业
