1、专题 20 阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）1.【2017 年内蒙古赤峰市】阅读短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。请将正确答案序号按要求涂在答题卡指定位置。Lab work is fun but you must be careful. Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson.LAB RULESThroughout the lessons* Do not enter the science lab without t
2、he teachers permission(允许). * No food or drinks are to be allowed in the science lab.Before the Experiment* Read all instructions carefully before every experiment(实验).* Prepare all apparatus(仪器)and put them in right places so that you will not knock them over while doing the experiment.During the E
3、xperiment* If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate, ask your teacher for help.* Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission.After the Experiment* Wash all apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were.* Throw waste materials into pr
4、oper waste baskets.First Aid* Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.* If you spill any chemicals onto your body or clothing, wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher.31. You must know the LAB RULES _ the first lab lessons.A. before B. since C. during D.after32. It is necessary
5、 for you to _ before every experiment.A. read all instructions carefully B. take enough food and drinksC. smell chemicals immediately D. talk with your classmates.33. If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus, _. A. read the rules carefully B. try them again and againC. ask your teacher for he
6、lp D. return all apparatus to the places where they were34. The underlined word “spill” means _.A. 照射 B. 伤害 C.摔下 D.溅出35. When you are in the science lab, you mustnt _.A. be careful in order to prevent injury B. listen carefully when your teacher explains the rulesC. taste chemicals without the teach
7、ers permission D. throw waste materials into proper waste baskets【答案】31.A32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】考点：科普类短文阅读。2.【2017年山东青岛】阅读理解 阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 做 出 正 误 判 断 或 选 出 最 佳 答 案 。Our skin is like a bag that we live in. Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water. Our water is like the water in the sea. It is very sa
8、lty. Also, like the ocean, we can lose our water. The wind and the sun could take it away. Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocean from drying up.Our skin keeps out sunshine. Too much sunshine can hurt us. Skin also keeps out dirt. Thats important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick. Our skin
9、feels things. It feels warm things, cold things, things it touches, and things that hurt it. A campfire feels warm. A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us. A hug is the touch of another persons skin on our own.Our hair is a special kind of covering. It helps us keep things out of our
10、eyes, ears and nose. Hair is also good for keeping us warm. When we get goose bumps (鸡 皮 疙 瘩 ), our body hairs stand up. Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket (毯 子 ). Hair keeps animals warm, too.Some animals have more hair than others, so they have a better blanket for cold
11、 weather.Our nails (指 甲 ) are another special skin which are very hard. They help keep our fingers fromgetting hurt. Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have. But they are good for picking up coins.1. Our skin is like a bag full of salt.2. Our skin keeps out dirt and sunshine.3. Our
12、skin helps us feel things, touch or hurt others.4. Our hair helps protect our eyes, ears and nose.5. Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe.【答案】16.B17.A18.B19.A20.A【解析】animals have.故选 A。考点：科普类短文阅读。3.【2017 年山东泰安】阅读理解You dont need to get in a time-travellin
13、g machine to see how technology will change our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Lets see whats in store for your future shopping.Try it on, virtually（虚拟地）. Want to shop online for a new pair of glasses? You dont need to g
14、uess which pair looks best on youuse the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses youre checking out on a picture of your face. But what about buying something bigger? Thanks to Microsoft Kinects action tracking（跟踪）camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the ba
15、ckground of your virtual fitting room to improve your shopping experience.Get a perfect, custom fit. Everyones body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly.
16、Some companies scan（扫描）your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.High-tech shopping carts（推车）and checkout counters（收银台）. High-tech shopping carts could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under tes
17、t. The cart can follow you along the aisles（通道）, controlled only by your movement and your voice.In the United States, several supermarkets use a certain set called “Scan It” that gives buyers the freedom to scan products on their own while they shop. If we dont want to wait in line before the check
18、out counters, we can use Toshibas new object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies（辨认）a product as soon as its placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code.57. According to Paragraph 2, the eBay Fashion iPhone app can _.A. only make pictures of our faces
19、B. help us sell more clothes onlineC. create us a virtual dressing room D. choose suitable glasses for us58. Which of the following can help get the correct shape of our body?A. Object Recognition Scanner. B. The eBay Fashion iPhone app.C. 3D scanning technology. D. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts. 5
20、9. What can we infer from this passage?A. Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.B. High-tech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarketsC. “Scan It” cannot be used by buyers themselves.D. The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.60
21、. This passage mainly talks about _.A. a new time-travelling machine B. the influence of new technologyC. some inventions to change habits D. the ways for future shopping【答案】57.D58.C59.B60.D【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了作者通过选购方式，付款方式等为例详细介绍了未来人们可行的购物方式。考点：科普类短文阅读。4.【2017 年四川成都】阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。Animals grow
22、 up in different ways. Some newborn animals are helpless but their mothers protect them. A newborn kangaroo is very small. It is only a few centimeters long. It closes its eyes and doesnt have hair. It stays safe in its mothers pouch（育儿袋）for a long time.A newborn monkey can not walk, Its mother carr
23、ies it everywhere.Other baby animals can walk soon after theyre born. They learn to run with their mothers when danger is near. A bay zebra can run, an hour after it is born.Some baby animals are born in a place that is safe. Baby wolves are usually born in big holes with little light. Other baby an
24、imals are born in the open.A baby elephant is often born on the open land.Animals that drink their mothers milk are called mammals. A mother bears milk is rich. Baby bears have milk for a few months. This is the same with baby zebras. As baby animals grow, they need solid（固体的）food. Baby lions eat wh
25、at their mother can catch!71. According to the passage, many newborn animals need their mothers help because the babies cant _.A. look after themselves B. eat any food C. walk by themselves72. A newborn monkeys mother carries it everywhere because _.A. it is very small B. it cant walk C. it closes i
26、ts eyes73. Baby wolves are usually born in a(an) _ place.A. open B. bright C. safe74. Newborn mammals main food is _.A. mothers milk B. solid food C. smaller animals75. How many kinds of baby animals are mentioned in this passage?A. Six B. Seven C. Eight【答案】71. A72. B73. C74. A75. B【解析】考点：科普类短文阅读。 5
27、.【2017 年浙江金华】阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。Almost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways of sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!A
28、lmost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin
29、mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply wi
30、th both eyes closed.Seals breathe air, but that doesnt stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.Horses often sleep st
31、anding up. Their legs lock in place so they dont fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains
32、close to the flamingos body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and sleeps) near many other birds to stay safe.Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for ma
33、ny hours without flapping（拍打）their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.Would you like to sleep how they sleep?38. The animals that sleep with half their brains are _. A. ducks and seals B. dolphins and ducks C. bats and dolphins D. flamingos and seabirds39. Horses often stand up when t
34、hey sleep because _.A. they can run from danger quickly B. they are afraid of falling overC. this helps them to sleep deeply D. it takes them a long time to go to sleep40. The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _.A. offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kil
35、l41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How animals sleep B. Sleep to stay healthy C. Sleep as animals do D. What sleeping animals are like【答案】38.B39.A40.D41.A【解析】animals 的定语，而 animals 是海豹远离的对象，故可以推测 hunt 意思是 D，故选 D。41.A 标题归纳题。根据短文通过作者举例说明了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害而形成的不同的睡眠方式。故选 A。
36、考点：科普类短文阅读。6.【2017 年浙江丽水】阅读理解。阅读下列材料, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项.Think of a simple objecta piece of chalk, for example. Are you remembering its name, its shape, its color or its size? Are you remembering what it is used for, or the sound it makes when the teacher writes on the blackboard? Scientists
37、 say that memory includes different parts of the brain, such as language and the ability of sense. They believe that you begin to create a memory when you notice something youre your senses. Then messages are sent to different brain cells, which join together to form connections. A new connection go
38、es into your shortterm memory. It is stored there for about 30 seconds, and then it is either lost or stored in your longterm memory.Having a good memory means making lots of connections and storing them in your longterm memory. To do this, you need to keep your brain in good shape. Eat plenty of br
39、ain food such as fish oil, fruit and vegetables. Laughter also makes your brain more active. Also, dont forget to exercise. So do some sports or just move around a lot in the house. Finally, get plenty of sleep. This will make your memories grow stronger.When you want to remember new information, yo
40、u must pay special attention. Use your senses-sight, smell, hearing and touch-and keep repeating the information. To do well in your exams this year, turn off the TV, silence your mobile, and review your work regularly. To remember something special, use your imagination to create visual(视觉的) connec
41、tions. For example, you need to take a pencil, an eraser, your ID card and chips to your next exam. Imagine the ID card as the body of an animal, the pencil its long neck, and the eraser its head. Your animal is hungry, so now imagine it eating a bag of chips. It may sound crazy, but its fun and it
42、works. Another way is to do something different to your room. Turn a picture upside-down, or tie a sock around the door handle to remind(提醒)yourself of something to remember!38. At the beginning, the writer gives an example to _.A. lead in the topic of the article B. show the importance of chalkC. l
43、et readers remember the word D. make readers know his favorite39. How many ways are mentioned to have a good memory in Paragraph 2 ?A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.40. The main idea of the third paragraph is_.A. how to do well in exams B. how to remember new informationC. why to review your work D. what to e
44、at to make memories stronger41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Memory has nothing to do with languages. B. Laughter can help to improve our memory.C. A picture of eating chips is the most useful. D. Our brain is difficult to keep in good shape.【答案】38.A39.C40.B41.B【解析】考点：科
45、普类短文阅读。7.【2017 年浙江绍兴】阅读理解。阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you. Companies like Google and Tesla have been designing and testing these cars, and the technology is there.So
46、 how? The cars have sensors（感应器）all around which can find other cars and objects in the road. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems（卫星导航系统）are used so the car knows how to get where you want to go. All you have to do is type in the address! Finally, a central computer syst
47、em takes in all the information that it receives from the sensors and cameras and works out when to speed up, stop and turn.Sound like your idea of heaven（天堂）? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film or reading a book while driving would be possible with this new technology
48、. You wouldnt have to worry about remembering directions to where youre going. In addition, computers would also drive more safely than people they would obey the rules and have quicker action times when in dangerous situations.However, there are many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers would have difficulties making ethical（道德的）decisions: if a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn suddenly and potentially kill the cars passengers? Moreover, I personally find driving fun Id miss never driving a car myself. There would also be many other
