1、题型五 阅读理解,遵义五年中考命题规律及趋势年份考察点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013文体 来源:gkstk.Com记叙文 记叙文来源:gkstk.Com 记叙文 记叙文来源:学优高考网 记叙文来源:gkstk.Com词数 约230词 约200词 约280词 约288词 约220词A来源 :gkstk.Com话题 讨论照片勤劳的祖父母在家务上的分工协作给作者留下深刻印象的老师罗伯特林肯 出车祸后就医文体 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文词数 约180词 约160词 约140词 约160词 约90词B话题 关于无车 日东南亚和非洲移民的情况展示高山体育中心开放活动，时间及
2、事项通知关于一家酒店的介绍及如何在线预订房间图书馆关于还书期限的通知文体 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文词数 约220词 约200词 约154词 约200词 约200词C话题 如何度过 热天怎样挑选适合你的自行车介绍沙漠及沙漠地区的动植物肥胖问题不同国家和地区食用不同的食物阅读理解A篇的文体多为记叙文，话题主要是关于人物经历及感受、社会教育、特殊人物介绍、文化介绍和活动计划等，词数是180280词，形式为短文。考查方式上多为34道细节理解题和1道推理判断题、1道主旨大意题或1道词义猜测题。阅读理解B篇主要为海报信息、旅游信息、广告信息和通知等应用文，一般图表为1个或2个框，试题的选材贴
3、近考生生活，时代气息浓郁，考查方式上多为23道细节理解题，23道推理判断题。阅读理解C篇均为说明文，话题多涉及个人成长、健康、地理概况、文化差异、物品介绍、科技等。文章以传递生活和学习正能量为主。词数在160220词之间。考查方式为23道细节理解题，1道词义猜测题，1道推理判断题或1道主旨大意题。2018年遵义中考增加了一篇阅读理解，且选项均为A 、B、C、D四个选项。A篇为人物经历及感受，B篇为海报图表，C 篇为个人成长类说明文， D篇为科学技术类，内容贴近学生学习与生活，题型设置也呈现多样性，所以难度比较大。,解题方法与技巧阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解
4、能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能将各类阅读问题轻松搞定。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题进行判断并得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；主旨大
5、意题；标题归纳题；数字计算题。三、重读原文，复核检查完成各小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。(遵义中考)These days，many people enjoy biking.But there is a lot to think about before you buy a bike.There are many kinds of bicycles to choose from.Thats why it is often good to ask an expert(专家) for advice.Differe
6、nt bicycles can do different things.Some of them are made to be ridden on smooth roads.Others are for rocky roads，and some bikes can be ridden on both.First，ask yourself where you plan to ride it.On city streets？On mountain trails？Or both？ When you decide，you start to choose the bike for your need.N
7、ext，be sure you get the right size of bike for you.Bicycle stores will take time to measure your size.Then they put the data(数据) in a computer.The computer will suggest a good size for you.Besides the kind of bike and the size，you also need to have the right pieces of parts，like handles，lights and s
8、eats.And finally，you need to know how to ride your bike comfortably.An expert in a bike store can help you with these things.Then youll be ready to hit the road.( )1.How is it to choose a bike?AIts easy. B Its difficult. CIts funny.( )2.How many kinds of roads are mentioned in the second paragraph?A
9、One. BTwo. C Three.( )3.What should you think first when you choose a bike?AThe person who rides the bike.BThe shop which sells the bike.CThe road where you ride the bike.( )4.Which of the following is TRUE?AThe computer will suggest a good size for you.BThe parts like handles，lights and seats shoul
10、d be expensive.CYou neednt learn how to ride the bike.( )5.Which is the best title of the passage?ARiding Bicycle is Fun BChoosing a Bicycle B Planning a Bicycle Trip( )6.In “First，ask yourself where you plan to ride it.On city streets？On mountain trails？”Whats the meaning of “trails”？A顶部 B小路 C街道( )
11、7.Whats the main idea of the passage?ABuying a bike. BHow to choose a bike. C How to ride a bike.【主旨大意】本文主要介绍如何挑选适合自己的自行车，在购买之前，首先要考虑在什么样的路上行驶，然后要考虑自行车的大小是否适合你，最后要考虑自行车的部件和学会如何熟练地骑车。1B 【解析】推理判断题 。题干是“挑选自行车怎么样？”由文章的第一段中的“But there is a lot to think about before you buy a bike.”和“Thats why it is often
12、 good to ask an expert(专家) for advice.”可知挑选适合你的自行车不容易。故选B。2B 【解析】细节理解题 。题干是“在文章的第二段提到了几种公路？”文章第二段提到smooth roads/city streets和rocky roads/mountain trails。故选B。,考点：推理判断题方法突破：需要对上下文及其相互之间的关系以及全文进行深层次的理解，有时还需要结合作者的意图、态度和读者本身所具备的背景知识加以推理才能得出答案。考点：细节理解题方法突破：细节理解题要注意同义不同句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答
13、案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或者利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求考生根据对短文的理解，直接选出正确的答案，一般在通读文章后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层次理解题。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。题干是“在你挑选自行车前首先应该考虑什么”。文段用了First，Next，Besides和finally连词来叙述要考虑的问题。从第二段中的“First”中可知选 C。4A 【解析】推理判断题 。题中的三个选项出现在第三段和第四段中，第三段中的“The computer will suggest a good
14、size for you.”可知A项是正确的。第四段中的“you also need to have the right pieces of parts，like handles，lights and seats.”和“you need to know how to ride your bike comfortably.”分别说明B项和C 项是不正确的。5B 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为“这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？”A.骑自行车很令人愉快；B.挑选自行车；C.计划一次自行车旅行。整篇文章是教你如何挑选自行车。故选B。6B 【解析】词义猜测题 。题干意为在“On mountain trails中
15、trails的意思是什么？ ”通过上文中提到的两种路：平滑的路、山石路可知此处为山路。故选B 。7B 【解析】主旨大意题。题干为“这篇文章的大意是什么？”本文主要介绍如何挑选自行车。故选B。,考点：标题归纳法方法突破：从整体上去理解文章的结构，把握写作意图，切不可只关注文章中的某一点。同时注意以下几点：(1)以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；(2)不选对的，要选适合本篇文章的；(3)注意绝对化的词；(4) 答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全。一切以文章内容为准。考点：词义猜测题方法突破：根据前后的比较对照关系，对它的定义(描述)、重述以及举例等进行猜测或者利用同位语、同义词及构词法等进行猜测。单词的猜测
16、能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，考查对文章关键词语的理解。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：通过上下文来猜测词义；通过同义词或反义词来猜测词义；通过句法功能来猜测词义；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义；根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一个能使句子的意思连贯、通顺，且与上下文的内容一致，哪个选项就是该题的答案。考点：主旨大意题方法突破：需要从文章首、尾句(段) 寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文章的主旨大意。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，有的文章的中心贯穿在全文中。要求学生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点。根据中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意
17、，从而选出最佳答案。,2018备考猜押A篇话题1 故事类Passage 1(2017泰安中考)Once a very rich man and his son collected valuable paintings by famous artists like Picasso，Van Gogh and Monet.Later， the son left to join the army.After a few weeks，the old man received a letter saying his son had died while taking another soldier to
18、a hospital.The old man became very lonely and sad.One day，a soldier visited the old man and gave him a paintingit was a portrait(肖像)of his son.The painting of his son became the old mans most valuable item.He told his neighbors it was the greatest gift he had ever received.The following spring，the o
19、ld man died.All of the old mans paintings would be sold at an auction(拍卖会).The auction began with the painting of the old mans son.“Who will open the price at $100？” the auctioneer asked.Moments passed and no one spoke or raised their hands.Someone said，“Who cares about that painting? Lets get on to
20、 the good ones.” More voices followed in agreement.“No，we must sell this one first，” replied the auctioneer.“Now ，who will take the portrait of the son？”Finally，a good friend of the old man spoke，“Ten dollars！” “Will anyone go higher？” called the auctioneer.After more silence he said, “Going oncegoi
21、ng twicesold！” The auctioneer then announced that the whole auction was over.“According to the fathers will，whoever takes the sons portrait gets the whole collection，” the auctioneer said.Because of the fathers love，whoever took the son got it all.( B )1.How did the old mans son die?AHe died of a se
22、rious heart disease.BHe died while taking another soldier to a hospital.CA car hit him when he went home.DHe was killed by a doctor.( C )2.What was the first painting to be sold at the auction? AThe paintings by famous artists.BThe gift given by the old mans neighbors.CThe portrait of the old mans s
23、on.DThe most expensive collection of the old man.( D )3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AAt the beginning of the auction，everyone realized the importance of the painting of the son.BThe painting of the old mans son was as popular as the other paintings.CThe old mans will was
24、to give away the whole collection to charity.DThe old mans good friend got the whole collection for only ten dollars.( A )4.Whats the best title of the passage?ALove is SharingBAn Expensive PaintingCA Hot AuctionDCaring about the Person You Love话题2 人物经历及感受Passage 2(2017乐山中考改编)Traveling has always be
25、en a good way to relax.But this is not true for Xiao Lin (not her real name).In November，Xiao Lin took a trip to Lijiang，a tourist city in Yunnan Province，and had dinner at a restaurant.She had a fight with a group of local people because they made a joke about her while she was eating.Later，they be
26、at her heavily and her face was injured badly，reported CCTV.This made the public very angry.In fact，she is not the first person to be injured at famous scenic spots(景区) in China.Last month，the National Tourism Administration(国家旅游局 )gave serious warnings to three national 5A scenic spots.It also aske
27、d them to change and improve in six months.The three spots are the Old Town of Lijiang，Jingpo Lake in Mudanjiang，Heilongjiang，and Laohutan Ocean Park in Dalian，Liaoning.According to Peoples Daily，the three spots received the most complaints(投诉)from visitors during this Spring Festival.“Were sorry fo
28、r our bad work，”the Old Town of Lijiang government wrote on its Sina Weibo account.“We are open to tourists suggestions，and will make things right.”If the three spots dont correct themselves in six months，the National Tourism Administration will remove them from the 5A scenic spot list，reported Guan
29、gming Daily.“Im glad to hear that the spots will improve themselves，”said a Sina Weibo user，who once went to Lijiang but had a bad experience there.“I hope they will change into better ones.”( C )1.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?AWhy a girl took a trip to Lijiang.BTraveling is not alw
30、ays relaxing.CA girl had a bad experience in Lijiang.DThe restaurant in Yunnan isnt good.( B )2.How soon should the three scenic spots improve their services?AIn three months.BIn six months.CIn a year.DIn six years.( A )3.Why were the three scenic spots given warnings?ABecause they got the most comp
31、laints from visitors.BBecause they were the most visited spots in China.CBecause a lot of people got injured in these three spots.DBecause they were expensive.( C )4.What will happen if the three spots dont improve themselves?AThey will be closed forever.BThe public will refuse to go there.CThey wil
32、l not be on the 5A scenic spot list.DThey will disappear.( A )5.Which is the best title for this passage?ATourist Spots WarnedBScenic Spots in DangerCTravelers Injured in LijiangDRestaurants In Tourist Spots话题3 说明建议类Passage 3(2017聊城中考)Just 28 years ago，Berlin was a city divided into two by the Berli
33、n Wall.How excited people were as the Berlin Wall came down.Since then，Berlin has become one of the coolest cities in Europe.Here are the main reasons why I think Berlin is cool.First，Berlin has cheap hotels and everyday objects(物品).You neednt worry about spending too much money when visiting Berlin
34、.Second，Berlin knows how to give parties，and there is a festival here every month of the year.Perhaps the most famous is the Berlin International Film Festival (the BIFF).Third，Berlin has beautiful buildings of its own.The Brandenburg Gate is one of the citys most famous buildings.Its the symbol(象征
35、) of more than 200 years of history.The TV Tower is as good as the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the London Eye.Lastly， Berlin is a city of living art.Artists can create works of art on the sides of buildings.If you want to visit a European city with culture，cheap objects and lots of colors，Berlin is th
36、e place to be.What are you waiting for? Get to Europes coolest city before anyone else discovers it.( C )1.The Berlin Wall came down in_.A1969 B1979 C 1989 D1999( D )2.The writer does NOT tell us that _in Berlin.Aeveryday objects are cheapBhow often a festival is heldCpeople know how to give parties
37、Din which month the BIFF is held( A )3.According to the 4th paragraph(段落) ，_ great buildings of Berlin are mentioned.Atwo Bthree Cfour Dfive( B )4.The writer suggests that we_.Acreate works of artBchoose Berlin as the city to visitCbuild some towers like the Eiffel TowerDdiscover a cooler city than Berlin to visit.( B )5.Which is the best title(题目) for the passage?ABerlins Festivals BBerlina Really Cool CityCBerlins Beautiful BuildingsDBerlin a city of living art
