1、Content PreviewWord BankGlobal Listening,Unit 3 New Orleans Is Sinking,Background Notes,New Orleans Hurricane Katrina,Background Information,1. New Orleans -the Big Easy,New Orleans, located in Southeastern Louisiana along the Mississippi River, is a major port city and historically the city in Loui
2、siana.,New Orleans,1. New Orleans -the Big Easy,The city is one of North Americas most distinctive and culturally diverse cities and has been a leading commercial center since its founding. It is also a major international tourist center.,Cities of the dead-the above-ground tombs in New Orleans,2005
3、,2. Hurricane Katrina,Hurricane Katrina was the costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. It was the sixth-strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the third-strongest hurricane on record that made landfall in the United States.,Word Bank,Word Bank,For
4、300 years, the sea has been closing in on New Orleans. 50,000 houses are going to be bulldozed.Right here we are about 60 feet off the ground, and it is from this altitude that you can really see whats happened to the city of New Orleans.The houses are splintered block after block after block, almos
5、t as if the city had been carpet-bombed in war.The possessions of thousands of families, the stuff collected over lifetimes is suddenly garbage, clawed up into mountains in city parks.,Word Bank,Should New Orleans pick up right where it was? (stand up slowly after falling)Katrina threw coastal erosi
6、on into fast forward. (sped up)Thats the projection. (an estimate of a future amount.)That sinking could only be slowed in theory by essentially rolling back the clock. If the house is at the 100-year flood elevation, then they could rebuild.,Word Bank,Theres evidence some of the levee wall may have
7、 failed from bad design or lousy workmanship.By next summer, the levees will withstand a Category 3 storm.The database is linked to aerial images of every single address.,Structure of the video,Introduction Hurricane Damage in New Orleans Tim Kuskys advice Some New Orleanians hope and dilemma New Or
8、leans levees and pumping systems Assessment of the losses Conclusion,Introduction,For nearly 300 years, the sea has been closing in on New Orleans. As the coastal erosion continues, it is estimated by the end of this century the city will be off shore. Even in good weather, New Orleans is sinking. A
9、s the city begins what is likely to be the biggest demolition project in U.S. history, the question is, can we or should we put New Orleans back together again? Youve seen life returning to the high and dry land on Bourbon Street, but to find,the monumental challenge facing the city you have to visi
10、t neighborhoods you have never heard of. On Lizardi Street, we took a walk with the men in charge of finishing what Katrina started.,Global Listening,1- B 2- C 3- A 4- C 5- C 6- D 7- D,Whats Kuskys advice? Recap episode 2,Episode 22456,Recap episode 2,“We should be thinking about a gradual pullout o
11、f New Orleans, and starting to rebuild peoples homes, businesses and industry in places that can last more than 80 years,“ says Tim Kusky, a professor of earth sciences at St. Louis University.,Kusky talks about a withdrawal of the city and explains that coastal erosion was thrown into fast forward
12、by Katrina. He says by 2095, the coastline will pass the city and New Orleans will be what he calls a “fish bowl.“Because New Orleans is going to be 15 to 18 feet below sea level, sitting off the coast of North America surrounded by a 50- to 100-foot-tall levee system to protect the city,“ explains
13、Kusky.,Recap episode 2,He says the city will be completely surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico just 90 years from now. “Thats the projection, because we are losing land on the Mississippi Delta at a rate of 25 to 30 square miles per year. That is two acres per hour that are sinking below sea level,“ sa
14、ys Kusky.,That sinking could only be slowed, in theory, by massive restoration of wetlands.,Listen for Details What do some New Orleanians hope?,Episode 3,Listen for Details,Episode 3 1- 81 years; Twice. 2- Three generations. 3- Its flat. 4- Land is all that the Fultons have, yet it is prone to disa
15、ster.,5- Several feet off the ground. 6- 80,000; $26,200,Listen for Details,Episode 4,Listen for Details,Episode 41- bad design 2- workmanship 3- fixed 4- next summer 5- withstand 6- Category 5. 7- doubled 8- billions,Listen for Details,Episode 5,Listen for Details,Episode 5 1- They made the assessm
16、ent on the site and then Wi-Fied the reports to a city hall database, which is linked to aerial images of every single address, both before and after. 2- The total cost of reconstruction will be given to the city authorities. 3- Because his own home was flooded and ruined. 4- It means that there are
17、 too few people to pay taxes or keep business going. 5- He is asking the nation to commit billions of dollars and many years to protect the city.,Listen for Details,Episode 1 1- F 2- F 3- T 4- T 5- F 6- F ,1,2,Discussing information and issues presented in the program,Should New Orleans be rebuilt o
18、r simply demolished? Why?,Do you think the levee system and the most powerful pumping stations can protect New Orleans from similar catastrophes?,Useful Expressions (I),Katrina threw coastal erosion into fast forward.,That sinking could only be slowed in theory by essentially rolling back the clock.
19、,For now, the biggest grant a family can get is $26,200 tops.,No one quite knows how these people with their homes wiped out are going to be made whole again.,When all the reports are in, they will know how many billions it will take to rebuild.,It received some of the heaviest flooding.,Useful Expr
20、essions (II),You get a sense of the pain of the individual families. But you dont get a sense of what has happened to the city of New Orleans itself.,He is asking the nation to commit billions of dollars and many years to protect the city.,The Feds didnt figure on a levee failure.,There is not a lot
21、 of confidence in that.,You have lost pretty much everything.,The country has to decide whether it really is what we tell the rest of the world we are. Or are we just saying that?,Background Notes,Canary in the Mine Ice Core,Background Information,1. Canary in the Mine,Coal miners used to take canar
22、ies into the mines as detectors of noxious gases. If the canary died, then the miners realized that they were in a region of danger and took the necessary precautions. The term gradually stands for a sign that danger is coming,2. Ice Core,An ice core is a core sample from the accumulation of snow an
23、d ice over many years that have recrystallized and have trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. The composition of these ice cores, especially the presence of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes(同位素), provides a picture of the climate at the time.The ice core at 1837 meters depth with clearly visib
24、le annual layers.,19 cm long section of GISP 2 ice core from 1855 m showing annual layer structure illuminated from below by a fiber optic source. Section contains 11 annual layers with summer layers (arrowed) sandwiched between darker winter layers.,Word Bank,Word Bank,This is a bellwether, a barom
25、eter. Some people call it the canary in the mine. The warning that things are coming.In fact, 98 percent of the worlds mountain glaciers are melting.It wont take long for sea level to inundate.One of the really impressive things you see from the air is all these fissures, these crevices are breaking
26、 through the ice everywhere. A leading theory says those little rivers are lubricating the bottom of the ice sheet, helping it move off the bedrock and out to sea. These cyclonic events like hurricanes and cyclones in the Pacific are going to be more severe.,Word Bank,Its the job of his assistant Ev
27、an Richardson to take them down with a tranquilizer dart. This is Bear X19788. His history is written chapter and verse in the “bear bible.“ When we first started doing this research, weve done inventories in the mid-80s, in the mid-90s. Both times we came out with an estimate of approximately 1,200
28、 animals for what is known as the western Hudson Bay population. The numbers now suggest that the population has declined to below 1,000. We cant flip our energy use overnight.The science is, I believe, unassailable.,Structure of the video,Introduction,the melting glaciers and the climate change Pol
29、ar bears Climate scientists response to their skeptics,Introduction,The North Pole has been frozen for 100,000 years. But according to scientists, that wont be true by the end of this century. The top of the world is melting. Theres been a debate burning for years about the causes of global warming.
30、 But the scientists youre about to meet say the debate is over. New evidence shows man is contributing to the warming of the planet, pumping out greenhouse gases that trap solar heat. Much of this new evidence was compiled by American scientist Bob Corell, who led a study called the “Arctic Climate
31、Impact Assessment.“ Its an awkward name but consider the findings:,100,000,global warming,contributing to the warming,the causes of,the seas are rising, hurricanes will be more powerful, like Katrina, and polar bears may be headed toward extinctionWhat does the melting arctic look like? Corresponden
32、t Scott Pelley went north to see what Bob Corell calls a “global warning.“.,greenhouse gases,that trap solar heat,the seas are rising, hurricanes will be more powerful, like Katrina, and polar bears may be headed toward extinction.,Global Listening,1- D 2- A 3- A 4- B 5- D 6- C 7- B,Listen for Detai
33、ls,Episode 1 1- F 2- T 3- T 4- T 5- T 6- F ,Listen for Details,Episode 2,Listen for Details,Episode 2 1- naturally changing climate 2- mans doing 3- expeditions 4- ice cores 5- fingerprint 6- burning fossil fuels 7- carbon dioxide,8- thousand 9- warm,Listen for Details,Episode 3234,Listen for Detail
34、s,Episode 4,Listen for Details,Episode 41- Land of the great bear. 2- Polar bears health. 3- A tranquillizer dart. 4- Bear population there is the healthiest. 5- Changes in the bears fat, dimensions and teeth. 6- They can only hunt on the ice.,Listen for Details,Episode 5,Listen for Details,Episode
35、51- They say theyre no more reliable than the local weatherman. 2- They made science as precise as it is today. 3- The US cant flip its energy use overnight and its economy might get hurt. 4- His job is to tell the government exactly what he knows scientifically.,1,Discussing information and issues
36、presented in the program,Why is the report entitled “Global Warning” rather than “Global Warming”? Do you think global warming is merely a false alarm or an imminent threat? Are there any signs of temperature changes in your neighborhood?,Have you ever dreamed of cruising in a giant SUV on an inters
37、tate? Do you often dream of owning your own BMW or Mercedes? Given the ever-rising temperature, would you give up your dreams and help cut green house gas emissions?,2,Useful Expressions (I),Theres been a debate burning for years about the,And to get a sense of the enormity of whats happening, consi
38、der this: The ice that is melting here is the equivalent of all of the ice in the Alps.,Theres long been a debate about how much of this is earths naturally changing climate and how much is mans doing.,His research has proven that the ice and the atmosphere have mans fingerprints all over them.,And
39、there may be no stopping it.,So when people say “where is the harm in global warming?”, you say?,Useful Expressions (II),There are skeptics who question climate change projections like that, saying theyre no more reliable than your local weatherman.,We can owe the skeptics a vote of thanks for makin
40、g our science as precise as it is today.,The science is, I believe, unassailable.,Even under the best of circumstances,The intensity of hurricanes is gonna be worse.,The one thing I think we can say with a fairly high degree of confidence is the severity of the storms.,Useful Expressions (III),He is
41、 among the worlds top authorities on climate change.,President Reagan asked him to look into climate change and hes been at it ever since.,Mini-lecture,选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容,选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容,文体特点：讲座文体正式语言规范，逻辑严密，脉络清晰； （但话语标记有时正式有时非正式）含有专业名词或术语（e.g. lingua franca通用语，交际语，混
42、合语）；,平时的学习建议深：多听有深度的材料 勤：勤做听写和速记练习 (也包括阅读outline笔记) 广：注意对人文学科知识的广泛涉猎,References：http:/lectures.eserver.org/ http:/oyc.yale.edu/ http:/www.TED.com,Pay attention to the structure and the semantic markers of lecturesRecognize the main idea and take notes of the key words and phrases, using words, abbre
43、viations, symbols, initials Use an outline formAvoid grammatical or spelling errors,(lectures may cue their main points while speaking; often examples and points of lesser importance are also cued. key words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, numbers),4 Things to Do,semantic markersIntroducing 介绍/导入(The sub
44、ject of this talk is) Giving background information 交代背景(As we have already seen) Defining 定义(X is called) Listing 列举 Giving examples 举例 Emphasizing 强调 (We should bear in mind that) Clarifying/Explaining 解释 (In other words, the point Im making is) Moving on/Changing direction 承接/转接 (Turning now to;
45、so lets turn to;moving on now to) Giving further information 递进(In addition / Moreover / Similarly) Giving contrasting information 转折 Classifying 分类 (there are N types of X.) Concluding 总结 (That completes my lecture.),StructureOpening Thesis Connection Body Summary Closing,Outline,The placement of t
46、he topics on the paper is important, with the most important items farthest to the left. Lesser items are entered farther and farther to the right.Headings of equal importance are indented an equal distance from the left margin. The purpose of this indentation is to make each idea easy to see and to
47、 show just how it is related to the ideas before and after it.,Telegram,“I will be arriving tomorrow, Moday. April 15, on TWA flight number 222, at JFK airport.”“Arrive 15th TWA 222 JFKNouns, verbs, adjectives, numbers.,Using Abbreviations & Symbols,The symbols you use must make sense to you, but it
48、 is not necessary for anyone else to be able to understand them. commonly understood abbreviations and personal abbreviations (initials),Commonly understood abbreviations,cf. compare (with) e.g. for example etc. et cetera, and so on et al. and others. ibid. in the same place ( in a book or article)
49、i.e. that is N.B. note well (something important) viz. namely (naming some one or something you have just referred to),Symbols, therefore, thus, so because is equal to, the same as is not equal to, not the same as and, plus, more minus, less multiply, multiplied by divide, divided by increase, grow decrease, fall from to, leads to, results in, less than greater than much less than much greater than female male and percent insert sum up belong to,
