1、2016 年全国中考英语试题专题练习:名词的词义辨析1、 (2016黑龙江)The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)will help China improve with those related countries,especially Pakistan ( )Arelationship BagreementC environment 【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】一带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些(沿线)相关国家的关系,尤其是巴基斯坦【解答】答案:A;relationship 关系; 联系;agreement 协定,协议;environment 环境,外
2、界;根据常识,一带一路倡议将会加强与沿线国家的关系;故根据句中信息 The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议) will help China improvewith those related countries,especially Pakistan,推测该句句意:带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些(沿线)相关的国家的关系,尤其是巴基斯坦故选A2、 (2016齐齐哈尔)-Can you tell me the of the novel?-Yes, of course, is Mo Yan ( )Aname ,He Bwriter ,It Cname,It【考点】
3、名词的词义辨析;人称代词【分析】-你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗?-是的,当然可以,它是莫言【解答】答案:B;根据答语 Yes,of course,is Mo Yan;推测上句句意:你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗?答语中的 it 指代小说的作者“writer of the novel“ 故选 B3、 (2016连云港)-Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language-Yes, its a major way of _ for them ( )Asuggestion BvacationC productionDcommunication【考点】
4、名词的词义辨析【分析】-聋人学习手语是很有用的-是的,这是他们交流的一种主要方式【解答】答案:D;suggestion 建议;vacation 假期;production 产品;communication 交流;根据上句 Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language推测下句句意:这是他们交流的一种主要方式;故选D4、 (2016宜昌)-The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015Nobel Prize-Her has saved millions of lives across the w
5、orld ( )Avictory Bstory Cdiscovery Dindustry【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-中国科学家屠呦呦获得了 2015 年诺贝尔奖-她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命【解答】答案:C首先明确选项中名词的意思,A:胜利;B:故事;C:发现;D:工业; 联系她发现了青蒿素,根据语境和设空处后面的 saved 推测后面一句话 的句意是“她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命“,由此判断句子中缺少“发现“ 一词,故答案为 C5、 (2016咸宁)-Tu Youyou recerved the Nobel Prize for her_of anemisinin(青蒿素)
6、 -And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science ( )Adesign Bthought Cinvention Ddiscovery【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖-她是在科学方面获奖的第一位中国人【解答】答案:D首先明确选项中名词的意思,A:设计;B:思想;C:发明;D:发现;注意 invention 与 discovry 的区别,前者指创造的前所未有的东西,后者强调发现已经存在的事物; 根据语境推测句意是“屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖“,由此判断句子中缺少“发现“一词,故
7、答案为 D6、 (2016咸宁)-Michael,how much do you know about_?-people usually eat rice dumplings to remember Qu Yuan ( )Athe Mid-Autumn FestivalB the Spring FestivalC the Dragon Boat FestivalDthe Lantern Festival【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-Michael,关于端午节你了解多少?-人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原【解答】答案:C首先明确选项中个节日的意思,A:中秋节;B:春节;C:端午节;D:元宵节; 根据答
8、语的句意“人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原“,判断问句中提到的节日是端午节,故答案为 C7、 (2016盐城)Life is like riding a bicycleTo keep your ,you must keep moving ( )Apromise Bposition Cbalance Dability【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】人生就像骑自行车,为了保持平衡,你必须不断前进【解答】答案:C;promise 许诺;position 位置;balance 平衡;ability 能力;根据上句 Life is like riding a bicycle推测下句句意:为了保持平衡,你必须不断前
9、进故选 C8、 (2016永州)I think eating _is good for health ( )Atomatoes Bbananaes Cegges【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】我认为吃西红柿对健康有益【解答】答案:A题干是“我认为吃_对健康有益“,设空处单词如果是可数名词,应使用复数形式,选项 B 和 C 中的名词变复数应该在词尾直接加“-s“,tomato 的复数形式是加 “-es“,故选 A9、 (2016西宁)A smart phone makes a big _ to our life ( )Adifference Bdecision Cprogress Dpredict
10、ion【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】一部智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响【解答】答案:A;difference 不同;decision 决定;progress 进步;prediction 预言;根据句中的 A smart phone makes a big _ to our life 推测该句句意:一个智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响make a big difference=make much difference 造成很大差别;故选 A10、 (2016泰州)-What_will you get after winning the competition in the programm
11、e Stay to the end(一站到底)?-A free trip to Bali Island ( )Aaward Battention Cadvice Dability【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-在一站到底这个节目中赢了比赛你会得到什么奖品?-去巴厘岛的免费旅行【解答】答案:Aaward 奖品;attention 注意;advice 建议; ability 能力;根据 after winning the competition 及 A free trip to Bali Island可知此处应为奖品,故选 A11、 (2016济南)-Mike,what club do you w
12、ant to join?-Well,I want to join the clubI love painting ( )Achess Bsports Cart DEnglish【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】Mike,你想参加什么俱乐部?-我想参加美术俱乐部我喜欢绘画【解答】答案:C 根据其后的 “I love painting“(我喜欢绘画) ,可知我是对美术方面感兴趣的故我想参加的是美术俱乐部chess 棋;sports 运动;art 美术; English 英语故选 C12、 (2016云南)If you dont know the to the science museum,here i
13、s a map of the city ( )Adate Bway Cprice Dtime【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路,这儿有一张城市地图【解答】答案:B;date 日期;way 道路;price 价格;time 时间;根据后面句意 here is a map of the city 推测上句句意:如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路;故选 B13、 (2016荆州)-Can you tell me some about the Brazil Olympic Games?-OKLet me help you search the Internet ( )Aservice
14、 BinformationC discussion Dsuccess【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗?-好的,让我帮你上网搜索一下【解答】答案:B;service 服务;information 信息;discussion 讨论;success 成功;根据答语 Let me help you search the Internet;推测上述问句:你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗?故选 B14、 (2016齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for5,000,it is much more than its real ( )Acost B
15、value Cprice【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】手机的售价为 5000 元,它比它的实际价值多的多【解答】答案:B;cost 花费;value 价值;price 价格;根据上句The mobile phone sells for5,000 手机的售价为 5000 元;推测下句句意:它比它的实际价值多的多;故选 B15、 (2016东营)Great _ for football lovers-more than 50,000soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025 ( )Anews BmessageC si
16、tuation Dinformation【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】足球爱好者的好消息:2025 年前我国将会建立 5 万多所足球学校【解答】答案:A;Anews 新闻,消息;B message 消息,信息;C situation 情境,形式; Dinformation 消息,信息Message,information 是有关某事物的信息;news 则指大的消息,新闻根据句中的“2025 年前我国将会建立 50,000 多所足球学校“可知是重大的新闻消息,用 news故选 A16、 (2016厦门)-The milk shake tastes goodHow do you make it?-
17、Its easy, just follow the_ ( )Adiscussions BinstructionsC resolutions 【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-奶昔的味道很好,你是怎么做的?-这很容易,只要按照操作指南(去做) 【解答】答案:B;discussions 商讨;instructions 指示; 操作指南;用法说明;resolutions 解决;根据上句 How do you make it?可知是询问制作奶昔的方法,推测答语应是按照操作指南(去做) 故选 B17、 (2016阜康市)He has much _as an engineerSo he can build
18、the bridge successfully ( )Abalance Bexperience Csurface Dservice【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】他有做工程师的很多经验,所以他能成功地建这座桥【解答】答案:B;balance 平衡;experience 经验;surface 表面;service 服务;根据下句句意 So he can build the bridge successfully 推测上句句意:他有做工程师的很多经验;故选 B18、 (2016黄冈)-Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes,Tony?-Sur
19、e, Mom will be mad if she sees this _,I think ( )Amatter Bmess Ctrouble Ddifficulty【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-Tony ,你可以把垃圾带出去并且洗洗碗吗?-当然,如果妈妈看到这么混乱的话,我认为她会生气的【解答】答案:B;matter 事件;mess 混乱;trouble 麻烦;difficulty困难;根据上句 Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes,Tony,结合答语中的 Sure,Mom will be mad 推测后面的句意:如果妈妈看到这么
20、混乱的话;故选 B19、 (2016鄂州)-Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?-Please follow the _ on the cookbook ( )Adirection BattentionC introduction Dinstruction【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你能给我出示一种做美味饼干的方法吗?-请按照食谱的指示(做) 【解答】答案:D;direction 方向;attention 注意;introduction 介绍;instruction 说明;根据上句 Could you show
21、 me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?推测下句句意:请按照食谱的指示(做) 故选 D20、 (2016济南)-Excuse meIs there a near here?I want to buy some drinks-Yes Go along the street,and its on your left ( )Azoo BschoolC supermarket Dmuseum【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-劳驾,这附近有超市吗?我想买些饮料?-有的,沿着这条街走,它就在你的左边【解答】答案:C;zoo 动物园;school 学校;supe
22、rmarket 超市;museum 博物馆;根据句中信息 I want to buy some drinks推测上句句意:这附近有超市吗?故选 C21、 (2016东营)-Why do people never cut up the _ on their birthdays?-Because they are a symbol of long life ( )Aeggs Bcakes Cnoodles Ddumplings【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-生日时为什么人们从来不切断面条?-因为他们是长寿的象征【解答】答案:Cegg 鸡蛋; cake 蛋糕;noodle 面条;dumpling 饺
23、子;长寿面是长寿的象征,所以此处指的是面条,故选 C22、 (2016漳州)-Whats your favorite ,Julia?-I like spring best ( )Amovie Bseason Cweather【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你最喜欢哪个季节,Julia?-我最喜欢春季【解答】答案:B;movie 电影;season 季节;weather 天气;根据答语 I like spring best;可知上句是询问“喜欢什么季节“的;故选B23、 (2016十堰)As we all know,Wudang Mountain is the _of Shiyan ( )Apr
24、oud Bpride Cprogress Dpurpose【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】大家都知道,武当山是十堰的骄傲【解答】答案:B;proud 自豪的,形容词;pride 骄傲,名词;progress 进步,名词;purpose 目的,名词;根据常识,武当山被称为“亘古无双胜境,天下第一仙山“它是十堰的骄傲;根据句中信息 is the _of Shiyan 可知,该词用名词形式;故选 B24、 (2016德州)Bill will be a/an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics ( )Ag
25、uest Breporter Ctourist Dengineer【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】在即将到来的 2016 年里约奥运会上 Bill 将成为一名记者去采访足球运动员【解答】答案:Bguest 客人;reporter 记者;tourist 游客;engineer 工程师;根据 to interview the football players 可知此处应填记者,故选 B25、 (2016随州)Peter didt tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_ ( )Anote Bsu
26、rprise Ccall Dgift【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】Peter 没有告诉父母他要回家,因为他想给他们一个惊喜【解答】答案:Bnote 便条; surprise 惊讶; call 电话;gift 礼物;根据 Peter didt tell his parents that he was going home 可知他想给父母一个惊喜,故选B26、 (2016齐齐哈尔)-What do you like?-I like playing tennis and running ( )Asubjects Bmusic Csports【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你喜欢什么运动?-我喜欢打网
27、球和跑步【解答】答案:Csubject 科目;music 音乐; sport 运动;根据 tennis and running 可知问的是运动类的喜好,故选 C27、 (2016丹东)-What kind of noodles would you like?-Id like some _ noodles ( )Acarrots Bbeef Cpotatoes Dvegetables【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你想要什么样的面条?-我想要一些牛肉面【解答】答案:Bcarrot 胡萝卜,potato 土豆,vegetable 蔬菜,三者皆为可数名词;beef 牛肉,不可数名词;此处作 nood
28、les 的定语,要用可数名词单数或不可数名词,故选 B28、 (2016淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the _ ( )Akitchen Bgarden Cbathroom Dbedroom【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】Lily 经常在厨房里帮妈妈做饭【解答】答案:Akitchen 厨房;garden 花园;bathroom 浴室;bedroom 卧室;根据helps her mother do some cooking 可知做饭是在厨房,故选 A29、 (2016包头)一 The dishes in this restau
29、rant must be very expensive一 Dont worryYou can enjoy yourselfIts my ( )Atime Btask Ctreat Dtaste【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-这家餐馆的菜一定很贵-别担心,你可以尽情享用,我请客【解答】答案:Ctime 时间; task 任务;treat 款待;taste 味道;根据 The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive可知对方对菜的价格很担忧,所以此处要消除其顾虑,主动请客,Its my treat我请客故选 C30、 (2016安徽)Cath
30、y has such a good_that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year ( )Asleep Bidea Cvoice Dtime【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】Cathy 有这么好的声音,她在去年的歌唱比赛中赢得了许多奖项【解答】答案:C;sleep 睡觉,动词;睡眠,名词;idea 主意,名词;voice 声音,名词;time 时间;名词;根据句中后面信息 she won many prizes in singing competitions last year 推测句中指的是Cathy 有这么好的声音;故选 C
31、31、 (2016重庆)-Its hot todayHave some _,please-No,thanksIm not thirsty at all ( )Awater Bpotatoes Cbread Dcakes【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-今天天气很热请喝些水吧-不,谢谢我一点也不渴【解答】答案:A根据选项的意思 water“水“ ;potato“土豆“;bread“面包“ ;cake“蛋糕“,结合答语 No,thanksIm not thirsty at all“不,谢谢我一点也不渴“可推知在上文中对方让他喝点东西,故选 A32、 (2016青岛)Nancy took her te
32、mperature and found she had a _ ( )Acough Btoothache Ccold Dfever【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-南希量了体温并且发现她发烧了【解答】答案:D解析:由题目中看出南希量了体温,很容易知道她是发烧了,以下四个选项中只有 D 是发烧的意思 Acough 咳嗽 Btoothache 牙疼 C cold 感冒 Dfever 发烧,故选 D33、 (2016苏州)Steve Jobs was full of -always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in socie
33、ty ( )Ainstruction BinvitationC introduction Dinvention【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】史蒂夫乔布斯富有发明创造力,总是产生一些导致社会发生巨大变化的新想法【解答】答案:D;instruction 教诲;invitation 邀请;introduction 介绍;invention 发明;根据句中信息 always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society 推知上句句意:史蒂夫乔布斯富有发明创造力;故选 D34、 (2016滨州)-Do you know ab
34、out the scientist Tu Youyou?-Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great ( )Asurprise BachievementC education Dsatisfaction【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你知道科学家屠呦呦吗?-是的,由于她的伟大成就她嬴得了 2015 年的诺贝尔医学奖【解答】答案:Bsurprise 惊讶; achievement 成就;education 教育;satisfaction 满意;赢得诺贝尔奖的人一定是有巨大成就的,故选 B35、 (2016重
35、庆)Its cold todayTake your_ with you when you go out ( )Aknife Bcoat Cbrush Dkey【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】今天天气很冷当你外出时带上你的外套【解答】答案:B 根据 Its cold today 可知,今天很冷,出门要带上外套;又知 knife 意为 “小刀“;coat 意为“外套,上衣“;brush 意为“刷子“;key 意为“钥匙“所以此处应用 coat故选 B36、 (2016福州)-Who is the person you admire the most?-Qian Xuesen,the Father o
36、f Chinas MissilesHe is the _ of China ( )Aleader Bpride Cvoice【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-你最崇拜的人是谁?-中国导弹之父钱学森,他是中国的骄傲【解答】答案:B;leader 领导者;pride 骄傲;voice 嗓音;根据句中信息-Qian Xuesen,the Father of Chinas Missiles 推知后面额句意:他是中国的骄傲;故选 B37、 (2016达州)-Why did Lucy look unhappy?-Because she was so careless that she made many s
37、pelling_in her homework ( )Afriends Bplans Cdecisions Dmistakes【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-为什么 Lucy 看起来不高兴?-应为她是如此粗心以至于她的作业犯了很多拼写错误【解答】答案:D;friend 朋友;plan 计划;decision 决定;mistake错误;根据句中信息 she was so careless 推测后面的句意:她的作业犯了很多拼写错误;故选 D38、 (2016江西)Some old people need a _ because they feel lonely ( )Agift Bstick Cp
38、et Dwatch【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】一些老人需要一个宠物因为他们感到孤独【解答】答案:C根据选项的意思 A、礼物;B、拐杖;C、宠物;D、手表,结合句子的意思是由于老人感觉孤单,因此推知需要有宠物陪伴故选 C39、 (2016山西)During the next few days,I decide to have a good _ by taking a walk or seeing a movieI really need to relax ( )Ameal Bsleep Crest【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】在接下来的几天里,我决定好好休息一下,散散步或看看电影我真的需要放松
39、【解答】答案:C首先明确选项中名词的意思,A:一餐;B:睡眠;C:休息; 根据语境推测句意是“在接下来的几天里,我决定好好休息一下,散散步,看看电影我真的需要放松“,由此判断句子中缺少“休息“一词,have a good rest 为固定短语,好好休息故答案为 C40、 (2016河南)-Are you going out with Jade tonight?-Thats my Mind your own!( )Aoffer Bbusiness Cquestion Dchance【考点】名词的词义辨析【分析】-今天晚上你要和 Jade 出去吗?-这是我的事情,管好你自己的事吧!【解答】答案:B首先明确选项中名词的意思,A:提议;B:事情;C:问题;D:机会; 根据语境推测答语句意是“这是我的事情,管好你自己的事吧!“,由此判断句子中缺少“事情“ 一词,故答案为 B