1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲定语从句1. 定语从句的含义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词。从句放在所修饰词(即先行词 )之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。2. 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词 that，which，who(宾格 whom，所有格 whose)和关系副词 where，when ，why 等。我们先就关系代词作重点讲解。3. 关系代词的作用关系代词 who，whom，whose，which，that 在定语从句中的作用见下表 :先行词指代对象在句中所作的成分 人 事物 人事物 是否可 省略作主语 wh
2、o/that which/that that 不可省略作宾语 who(m)/that which/that that 可省略作定语 whose whose/of which 不可省略(1)whowho 指人，在定语从句中作主语。如 :The boy who speaks English very well is from America.那个英语说得很好的男孩来自美国。小小诊所:当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如:He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一 。(2)whomwho
3、m 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。如:The lady(who/whom)he is talking to is his girlfriend.正在和他交谈的那位女士是他的女友。(3)whichwhich 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。如:The building which is being built will be used as a hospital.正在建设的这幢大楼将用作医院。(4)thatthat 既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。that 作宾语时，常省略。如:Tomato is a vegetabl
4、e that/which is good for health.西红柿是一种对健康有益的蔬菜。(指物，作主语)The woman athlete (that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上看到的那位女运动员刚刚获得了一枚金牌。(指人，作宾语)(5)whosewhose 通常指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。如:Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red.格林先生住在一幢红屋顶的房子里。(指物)语法精练. 用 who，whose，whic
5、h 或 that 填空。1. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.2. The panda is a kind of animal _ can be found only in China.3. April 1st is the day _ is called Fools Day in the West.4. Where is the woman _ watch was stolen yesterday?5. The woman _ you visited last week is a famous writer. 把下列简单句改为定语从句
6、，每空一词。6. Ill never forget the farm. I visited it in 2003.Ill never forget the farm _ _ _ in 2003.7. The building is a middle school. It stands near the post office.The building _ _ near the post office _ a middle school.8. The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan.The man _ _ _ _ comes from H
7、ainan.9. The book is interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.The book _ _ _ _ _ yesterday is interesting.10. My grandfather doesnt like these songs. These songs are too long.My grandfather doesnt like these songs _ _ too long.单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus).1. that/which 2. that/which 3. which/that 4. whose 5. who/whom/that. 6. that/which I visited 7. that/which stands；is8. who/that teaches us English 9. that/which you lent to me10. that/which are
