1、,苏永刚等,大学英语 仔细阅读与快速阅读,Reading in Depth,Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3 Passage 4 Passage 5 Passage 6 Passage 7 Passage 8 Passage 9 Passage 10Skimming and Scanning Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3 Passage 4 Passage 5 Passage 6,Passage 1,Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:,People tend to be
2、 more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic（预言的）because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not. Consider also the belief that “the phone always rings when Im in the shower.” If it does ri
3、ng while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesnt ring, that nonevent probably wont even register（留下印象）.,People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. consider, for example, the common belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, a
4、nd deaths “happen in threes.” Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of tim
5、e is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.,We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favo
6、rably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schelling explains, “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy,” This way everyone rank
7、s high on his own scale. Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious（谨慎的）in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.,1. In the first paragraph the author states that _. A) dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have com
8、e true. B) dreams are prophetic because some of them did come true. C) dreams may come true if clearly remembered. D) dreams and reality are closely related.,2. By “things like” “happen in threes” (Para.3), the author indicates that people believe _.A) personal misfortunes tend to happen every now a
9、nd then.B) personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen together.C) misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patterns.D) misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime.,3. The word “courtesy” (Para.4) probably means _.A) good mannersB) appropri
10、ate speechC) friendly relationsD) satisfactory service,4. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.B) In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.C) People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.D) Bel
11、ievers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.,5. It can be concluded from the passage that _.A) there is some truth even in the wildest dreams.B) one should take notice of other peoples merits.C) there is no order or pattern in world events.D) we should not base our
12、conclusions on accidental evidence.,Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:,It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined
13、to think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators（旁观）. Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, televisio
14、n, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana
15、, says that when his flute（长笛）and drum ensemble（歌舞团）is performing. “Anybody can take part”.,This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the
16、 flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the
17、lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.,6. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that _.A) most of us are consumers while most of them are produce
18、rs of music.B) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musicians.C) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectators.D) we are the audience and they are the additional performers.,7. The word “such” (Line 9) refers to the fact that _.A) music is performed with the p
19、articipation of the audience.B) music is performed without the participation of the audience.C) people tend to distinguish the audience from the performers.D) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs.,8. The author of the passage implies that _.A) all Africans ar
20、e musical and therefore much music is performed in Africa.B) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lives.C) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instruments.D) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians.,9. The
21、 word “nucleus” (Line 16) probably refers to _.A) musicians famous in AfricaB) musicians at the center of attentionC) musicians acting as the core in a performanceD) active participants in a musical performance,10. The best title for this passage would be _.A) The Importance of Music to African Peop
22、leB) Differences Between African Music and Music of Other Countries.C) The Relationship Between Musicians and Their Audience.D) A Characteristic Feature of African Musical Performances.,Passage Three,Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:,Most people would agree that, although our ag
23、e exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.,There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of there I should put first a sense of proportion: the
24、capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged
25、in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mid. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lower
26、ing the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa.,This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example,
27、which is in everybodys mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested（无利害关系的）desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more
28、 necessary, for every such increase augments（增强）our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.,11. Disagreement arises when people try to decide _.A) how much more wisdom we have no than before.B) what wisdom is and how to develop i
29、t.C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age.D) whether wisdom can be developed or not.,12. According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _.A) carefully consider the bad effects any kind of research workB) give each important problem some careful considerationC) acquire a great deal
30、of complex and special knowledgeD) give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem,13. Lowering the infant death-rate may _.A) prove to be helpful everywhere in the worldB) give rise to an increase in population in Europe.C) cause food shortages in Asia and AfricaD) raise the l
31、iving standard of the people in Africa.,14. The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that _.A) its extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problemB) success in medical research has its negative effectsC) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to
32、 the human race.D) its unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine,15. What is the main idea of the passage? A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man.B) The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes. C) Any increase of kn
33、owledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.D) Wisdom increases in proportion to ones age,Passage Four,Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:,For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them unions quarrel over thre
34、e jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent overmanning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work in much slower here. Nobody tries to hard. Tea breaks do matt
35、er and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way.,But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have no
36、ticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place.Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace (except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district).,Every stranger is struck by t
37、he patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus: if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, Oh dear, what a pity; the rubbish collectors stop to chat（聊天）and call the housewives “Luv”. Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper
38、that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.,16. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?A) Thirty three per ce
39、nt of the workers will be out of work.B) More people will be employed than necessary.C) More jobs will be created by the government.D) The unions will try to increase productivity,17. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain?A) Tea breaks do not affect the
40、intensity of work in Britain.B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way.C) The pace of work in continental Europe is much slow than in BritainD) Britons give the impression of working intensively.,18. “Tea breaks matter” (para.2, Line 2) indicates that _.A) they are an important aspect of
41、the British way of life.B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers.C) they can be used by the workers as an excuse to take time off from work.D) they help the workers to be on good terms with each other.,19. The word “this” (Para.3, Line 1) refers to the fact that _.A) there are more men on any
42、given job than are neededB) 33 per cent overmanning leads to 33 per cent less productivity.C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of workD) Britons generally do not want to work too hard.,20. By “what is wrong with Britain may also he what is right” (Para.6, Line 1) the author means to say that
43、 _.A) quarrels between unions will help create jobsB) a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivityC) the gentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant placeD) Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further increase productivity.,Keys to 1-20,1. B 2. C 3. A 4
44、. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C,Passage 5,Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.,At first sight the planet Mars (火星) does not appear very welcome to any kind of life. It has very little oxygen and water, the temperature at
45、night is below -50C and winds of 100 miles per hour cause severe dust storms. However, the surface of the planet seems to show that water flowed across it at some time in the past, and it is believed that there is enough ice at the poles to cover the planet with water if it melted. Although there is
46、 no life on the Mars now, some scientists think that there may have been some form of life a long time ago. At that time, the planet had active volcanoes; the atmosphere was thicker and warmer; and there was water. In fact, in some ways Mars may have been similar to the Earth, where life exists.,Som
47、e people believe that the Mars could support life in the future if the right conditions were produced. The first step would be to warm the planet using certain gases which trap the Suns heat in the planets atmosphere. With warmth, water and carbon dioxide, simple plants could begin to grow. These pl
48、ants could slowly make the Mars habitable. It is estimated that the whole process might take between 100,000 and 200,000 years. In the meantime, people could begin to live on the planet in special closed environments. They would provide a lot of useful information about conditions on the Mars and th
49、e problems connected with living there.,21. Some scientists think there may have been life on the Mars in the past because _. A) there is no life there now B) there is a large amount of water at the poles C) conditions may have been similar to those on the Earth D) the Mars may be able to support life in the future,
