1、1英语常用前缀、后缀和词根 2011/9 USSTPart I 前缀前缀改变词义1. a, ab, ac, ad, ag, al, ap, ar, as, at = to, at, for 表示加强、附加、增加、方向、变化、完成abandon=a+ban(禁止)+on vt. 放弃They had to abandon the ship.abbreviate=ab(to) + brev(brief) vt. 缩短，缩写accept=ac+cept(to take 取) vt. 接受achieve=a+chieve(chief) vt. 获得，取得acquire=ac+quire(to seek
2、 追求)v. 获得（知识、技能）cf. inquire=in+quire v. 探问require=re+quire vt. 要求admire=ad+mire(to wondermiracle) v. 赞赏，敬仰 admirable, admireradvance=adv+ance(before 先前) vi. 前进aggressive=ag+gress(to walk 行走)+ive adj.有侵略性的 aggression n. 侵略aloud =a+loud adv. 大声地allocate=al+locate(to place 定位) v. 分配，指派apply=ap+ply(to f
3、old) vt. 应用，申请arise=a+rise v. 出现，产生New problems arise one by one.arouse=a+rouse(rise) vt. 唤醒The orange color can arouse appetite.cf. Raise up your hands!The sun has risen up.arrange=ar+range(to rank 排位) vt. 安排， 整理 arrest=ar+re(back)+st(to stand) vt. 逮捕attract=at+tract(to draw 拉，拽) vt. 吸引await=a+wait
4、 vt. 等待 sbawake=a+wake vt. 唤醒 the sleeping lion2. ab, abs, ad =off, away. from 离开，避开 abnormal=ab+normal adj. 反常的abortion=a+bor(to be born)+tion n. 堕胎absorb=ab+sorb(to suck up 吸吮) v. 吸收，吸取abuse=ab+use vt. 滥用abrupt=ab+rupt adj. 突然的abstract=abs+tract adj. 抽象的 n. 摘要abundant=ab+und(bound 束缚)+ant adj. 丰富的
5、3. anti =against, opposite to (与 pro-相反)anti-abortionist n. 反堕胎者anti-communist adj. 反共的anti-Japanese adj. the War 抗日战争anti-social young men 反社会的年轻人4. bene = good, wellbenefit=bene+fit(=fact=do)做好事vt. 有益于beneficial adj. 有益的benevolent=bene+vol(wish)+ent adj. 慈善的bonus n. 奖金，红利（英语中的 better, best 与此词根有关）
6、5. bi = double, two 成双的，两个的bicycle=bi+cycle(圈) n. 双轮车自行车bilingual=bi+lingua(language 语言) adj. 双语的bimonthly=bi+month+ly adj. 双月的 n. 双月刊biweekly=bi+week+ly adj. 双周的 n. 双周刊6. dua, duo = double, twodouble adj. 双重的 , v. 使加倍doubt=be of two minds(二心不定) vt., n. 怀疑dozen=do(du)+zen(ten)=2+10=12 n. 一打 dual=du+
7、al(形容词词尾) adj. 二重的， 两层的She has dual nationality. 双重国籍duel n. 决斗duet n. 二重唱，二重奏 They played a duet.7. twi = twotwice adj. 两次twilight=light between day and night n. 清晨; 黄昏twin n. 双生子twist=两股绳子绞在一起 v. 扭曲，缠卷8. tri = three triangle n. 三角tribe n. 部落tricycle n. 三轮车triple v. 使成三倍 n. 三倍的 The production tripl
8、ed.9. qua, quadr = fourquarter 一小时的四分之一 = 一刻钟quartet n. 四重奏quarterly n. 季刊210. circum = around, round aboutcircle n. 圆圈 circulate vi. 流通circular adj. 循环的circuit n. 一圈，一周；电路 circumstance=circum+stan(to stand)+ce(名词词尾) n. 环境，情况11. com, con, col = together, withcombat=com+bat(to beat 打)彼此对打v. 战斗combine
9、=com+bine(two) vt. 结合，联合communicate=com+muni(to change)+cate v. 交流compose=com+pose(to put) 放在一起 v. 组成collaboration=col+labor+at(动词词尾)+ion 共同劳动n. 合作collect=col+lect(to gather 集合) vt. 收集concentrate=con+centr(中心)+ate（动词词尾）v. 集中，专心conclude=con+clued(to close) 一起关闭v.下结论cf. include=in+clude v. 包括在内exclude
10、=ex+clude v.排除在外conflict=con+flict(to strike 打) 互相打vi. 冲突，矛盾conjunction=con+junc(to join)+tion 结合起来n. 连接词；结合，巧合consent=con+sent(to feel 感觉) 共同的感觉vi. 同意convoy=con+voy(way) 同走一条路n.护航，随行cf. convey=con+vey(way)归于同道 vt. 传达correct=cor+rect(right 正确)vt. 改正；adj.正确的12. contra，contro, counter = against 反对，相反c
11、ontradict=contra+dict(to speakdictation) v. 反驳，否认contrary=conra+ary(形容词词尾) adj. 相反的contrast=contra+st(to stand) v. 对照，对比counterpart=counter+part n. 相对的人或物encounter=en(使得)+counter 使相遇 vt. 遇到13. de = down, downward 往下，分离，否定，彻底debate=de(down)+bate(to beat) 打倒辩论deceive=de(away)+ceive(to take) 拿走v. 欺骗dec
12、ide=de(off)+cide(to cut) 割开v. 决断，决定declare=de(thoroughly)+(clear)v. 宣言，断言decrease=de(down)+crease(to make) v. 下降，减产cf. increase=in(up)+crease v. 增加，增产deform=de(away)+form v. 使残废depart=de(away)+part v. 离开depict=de(thoroughly)+pict(to paint) v. 描画14. dis = apart, away 分离，除去，剥夺，反对，否定disable=dis+able v.
13、使丧失能力，使残废disagree=dis(not)+agree v. 不同意disapprove=dis(not)+ap+prove v. 不赞成discourage=dis(apart 剥夺)+courage v. 使沮丧，使气馁disperse=dis(away)+sperse(to scatter 分散) v. 驱散dispose=dis(apart)+pose(to place) v. 处置display=dis(apart)+play(to fold 折叠) v. 将折叠起来的东西展开来使能看到展示，阵列distinguish=dis(away)+tinguish v. 区别，区分
14、distant=dis(away)+stan(to stand)+t adj. 远距离的 15. en = in, into, on, at, near 在内使进入某种状态，使成为enact vt. 使成为法律 制定法律enclose vt. 围绕，包围，把纳入encourage vt. 使有勇气鼓励enjoy vt. 使高兴，享受enlarge vt. 使扩大enrich vt. 使富有empower vt. 使有力16. ex = out of 向外的，彻底的exact=ex+act adj. 精确的example=ex+ample(to take) n. 例子exceed=ex+ceed
15、(to go) v. 超出，超越excel=ex+cel(to rise) v. 胜过，卓尔不群excellent adj. 优秀的，excellence 优秀exchange=ex+change v. 相互交换，交流exit=ex+it(to go) n. 出口expand=ex+pand(to spread) v. 扩展expect=ex+spect(to look) v. 期望，预料expire=ex+spire(to breathe) v. 吐气，期满educate=e+ducate(to lead 导出) v. 教导，教育elect=e+lect(to select) v. 选举el
16、iminate=e+limi(to limit 限制)+nate（动词词尾）v. 去除，消除17. extra =beyond 超出extracurricular activities 课外活动extraordinary adj. 非同寻常的extremely adv. 非常地，极端地318. fore, for = before 以前，之前, 前面的forearm n. 前臂，小臂forecast v. 预报forefather n. 祖先，前辈forefinger n. 食指forefront n. 前线foregoing adj. 前文叙述的foreground n. 前景forehea
17、d n. 前额foremost adv. 首先forerunner n. 先驱foresee v. 预见，预知foretell v. 预言；预测foreword n. 序言forward adv. 向前地 n. 前锋 v. 转寄19. hemi = half 半个的hemicycle n. 半圆hemisphere=hemi+sphere(球体 ) n. 半球20. homo = same 相同的homogeneous adj. 成分一致的 (如国内学生班级)cf. heterogeneous 成分混杂的（如国际班）homograph n. 同形异义词homophone n. 同音词homos
18、exual adj. 同性恋的21. hetero = different 不同种类的heterosexual adj. 异性恋的22. in, il, im, ir =in, into, on 内在的，进入某种状态的income n. 收入include= in+clude(close 关闭) v. 包括在内increase= in+crease(to grow) n. 增加cf. decrease 降低，减少indoor adj. games 室内运动inflation=in+flate(to blow 吹气) n. 向内吹气使膨胀通货膨胀 influence=in+fluence(to
19、flow 流动) n. 向内流动使受影响inject=in+ject(to throw 投掷) v. 向内注射打针insert=in+sert(to join 加入) v. 嵌入，插入inspect=in+spec(to look) v. 向内看视察involve=in+volve(to roll 旋转) v. 卷入其中implement=in+ple(to fill 装满)+ment v. 充满其中实施 n. farm implements 农具cf. musical instruments 乐器family appliances 家用电器import=im+port(to carry) v
20、., n. 带进去进口impose=im(on, upon)+pose(to place 放置) v. 置于其上强加23. in, il, ir = not, negative 否定inappropriate=in+appropriate 合适的 adj. 不合适的，不恰当的inconvenient=in+convenient adj. 不方便的infinite=in+finite 有限的 adj. 无限的24. inter, intel, = between, among 两者间的interaction=inter+action n. 互动interchange=inter+change v
21、. 交换interconnected adj. 彼此相互联系的internet n. 互联网interpret=inter+pret(=prec=price) 在两者之间确定价值阐释，翻译internship n. 实习intern n. 实习生intervene=internet+vene(to come) vt. 介于两者之间干预, 调停intervene between two quarrelling students interfere=inter+fere(to strike 打)彼此对打vt. 干涉 Never interfere between husband and wife.
22、international affairs 国际事务interpersonal relations 人际关系interstate fair 州际集市25. intra, intro = within, inward 内部的（与 extra- 相反）intra-school reform 学校内部的改革introspect=intro+spect 向内看内省introverted=intro+vert(to turn)+ed adj.内向的cf. extroverted adj. 外向的 26. macro =large 大的，long 长的macroeconomics n. 宏观经济学macr
23、o-listening 综合技能听力训练27. micro =small 小的microeconomics n. 微观经济学micro-listening n. 微技能听力下训练microbiology n.microphone=micro+phone(sound) n.使声音由小变大n. 扩音器，麦克风microscope n. 显微镜microwave n.Microsoft28. mal, male =badly, ill 坏的（与 bene- 相反）malicious=mal+cious adj. 恶意的，蓄意的4malfunction=mal+function n. 机能不全，故障m
24、alnutrition=mal+nutrition n. 营养不良maltreat=mal+treat vt. 虐待29. mis =wrongly, badly, ill 错误地misbehave=mis+behave v. 行为不端misleading=mis+lead+ing adj. 误导的mistake n. misunderstand v.30. mono =single, alone 单独的，单个的monocycle=mono+cycle n. 独轮车monologue=mono+logue n. 独白monolingual=mono+lingual n. 只会说一种语言的mon
25、opolize=mono+pol(to sell)+ize 独家贩卖垄断31. multi =many, much 多的multicolor n. 多种颜色multicultural adj. 多元文化的multilingual adj. 会多种语言的multimedia teaching n. 多媒体教学multifunction classroom n. 多功能教室32. ne =negative, not 否定neverneither nornone=not one, not anay=no33. non =not 否定non-profit organization 非营利组织non-g
26、overnment organization 非政府组织non-lineal formula 非线性方程34. neo =new 新的neoclassicism n. 新古典主义neocolonialism n. 新殖民主义35. out =beyond 超出outgrow vt. 比长得更大、更快或更长等The boy has outgrown his coat.长高了衣服穿不下outrun vt. 比跑得快The rabbit outran the tortoise. 兔子比乌龟跑得快 outline n. 轮廓，概要 注意： 一些动词短语倒过来可构成与原意相似的复合名词或形容词，如：ou
27、tbreak n. 爆发 break out 爆发outcome n. 结果 come out 出现outcry n. 叫喊；抗议 cry out 高声呼叫outlet n. 出口 let out 放出outlook n. 展望 look out 小心；警戒output n. 产出 put out 出产outspoken adj. 直言不讳的 speak out 呼吁36. over = above, across, beyond 在之上，跨过；覆盖，超越，胜过；过度，太过overpass (Amr. E.) n. 立交桥（overbridge Brit. E.）cf. bypass n. 外
28、环线overact v. 动作过度overcome v. 克服overcrowded adj. 过度拥挤的overeat v. 吃得太多overestimate v. 对估计过高overloaded adj. 超载overlook v. 看漏；俯视；监视oversee v. 监督；监视overturn v. 推翻overwhelm v. 使淹没 他因为父亲去世悲痛至极。He was overwhelmed by the death of his father.overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的 , 压倒一切的; 巨大的an electoral victory 压倒性胜选The ca
29、ndy looked overwhelmingly desirable to the kids.37. under =beneath 在下面；不够的，不足的underdeveloped countries 不发达国家underestimate v. 低估undergo v. 遭受，经历undergraduate n. 本科生under-documented adj. 记录不充分的underemployment n. 就业不充分cf. unemployment n. 失业undertake v. 从事，担任38. para =beside, against, contrary 旁边的，相对应的p
30、aragraph n. 段落parallel adj. 平行的； v. 平行39. per =through, thoroughly 全面地，完全地perceive=per(thoroughly)+ceive(to take) 全身心感受v.知觉 perfect=per+fect(=fact=make 做) 彻底做好adj. 完美的perform=per+form(to provide 提供)全面供给v.实行，履行permanent=per+man(to remain)+ent一直存在的adj. 永久的，耐久的permit=per+mit(to send 发送)通行无阻v. 许可persist
31、=per+sist(to stand 站)一直站着 v. 坚持不懈persuade=per+suade(to advise 劝说)彻底地劝告v.说服40. pre =before 事前，事先predict=pre+dict(to say) v. 预言，预知preview=pre+view v. 预习5preface=pre+face(to speak) n. 前言prefer=pre+fer(to carry)先拿到前面 v. 偏好；宁愿要 prejudice=pre+judice(judgment 判断) n. 偏见premature=pre+mature adj. 早熟prepare=pr
32、e+pare(to get ready) v. 事先准备pretend=pre+tend(to stretch)在前面硬撑v. 假装present=pre+sent(being 存在) adj. 现在的 v. 送给cf. absent=ab+sent 不在场president=pre+sid(to sit)+ent 坐在前面的人n. 主席，总统，校长，总裁prevail=pre+vail(to be strong)比其它东西强壮vi. 盛行，流行prevent=pre+vent(to come)防止到来vt.阻止，防止previous=pre+vi(=via=way)+ous 前面走过的路的a
33、dj. 以前的，先前的41. post =after, behind 在之后的the postwar period adj. 战后时期 postdoctoral research 博士后研究postgraduate n. 研究生postpone=post+pone(to put) 置于其后，延期42. pro =forward, forth 朝前，向前proceed=pro+ceed(to go)往前走 vi. 继续前行process=pro+cess(ceed 的名词形式) n.过程procession n. 游行队伍procedure=pro+ced(=ceed)+ure n. 手续cf.
34、 precede=pre+cede(=ceed) vi. 先行proclaim=pro+claim(to cry out loud)在众人前喊叫宣布，声明produce=pro+duce(to lead 引出) 向前引出v.生产profit=pro+fit(=fact=make)做出来vi. 获利profound=pro+found(ground 地基)adj.深奥的program=pro+gram(writing)公开写的告示 n. 节目，计划progress=pro+gress(to walk)向前走n. v. 进步prohibit=pro+hibit(habit=to hold)提前阻止
35、vt. 禁止 sb from doing sthproject=pro+ject(to throw) v.投影于.上;计划做project n. 项目，计划prolong v. 延长prominent=pro+min(to hold out 探出，突出)+entadj. 突出的，卓越的 a physicistpromise=pro+mise(to send)事前发出v. n. 承诺promote=pro+mote(to move)向前移动 vt. 升职pronounce=pro+nounce(to tell)人前告知vt.宣告；发音pronunciation n. 发音proportion=p
36、ro+port(part 部分)+ion n. 比例His head is not in to his body.propose=pro+pose(to put)置于前方vt. 提出建议prospect=pro+spect(to look)向前看n. 前景protect=pro+tect(to cover 遮蔽 )在前面遮蔽v. 保护protection n.保护protector n.保护人provide=pro+vide(=vis=see)先看见 for 供养 sth for sb 为某人提供某物43. re =again 重复，再次； back 返回，回头recall=re+call v
37、. n. 回顾，回忆recite=re+cite(呼叫) v. 背诵，重述reclaim=re+claim(to cry ou 高声喊叫)vt.要求归还；开拓（荒地）recognize=re+cognize(to know 认识)vt. 认出recommend=re+commend(command 要求)重新要求vt. 推荐record=re+cord(heart) 重新记在心里vt.记录cf. record n. 记录recruit=re+cruit(to grow)再次成长vt.招募新生/ 新兵reduce=re+duce(to lead 引导)引导回归vt. 减少refer=re+fer
38、(to carry 携带)带回vt. 提及，言及referential books 参考书 reference n.参考reform=re+form改变形式v. n.改革，修正refugee=re+fug(to flee)+een.难民reinforce=re+in+force vt. 增援，加强兵力reject=re+ject(to throw) 抛回 vt. 拒绝；驳回relax=re+lax(to loosen 放松) v. 放松relieve=re+lieve(=lev=to raise 抬起)使再站起来 vt. 减轻（痛苦） the pain of the patientsremed
39、y=re+med(to heal 治疗)+y 词尾 n. 治疗方法v. 治愈 Renaissance=re+naiss(nativebirth)+ance重获新生n.文艺复兴renew v. 更新，换新repeat=re+peat(to speak) v. 重复；跟着说repetition n. 重复reply=re+ply(to fold 折叠) v. 回复，回答report=re+port(to carry 携带)带回vt. 汇报reputation=re+put(e)(to think 思考)+ation n. 重新掂量n. 名誉require=re+quire(to seek 追求)
40、vt. （上对下）要求research n. 研究 research on sth 对进行研究restriction=re+strict+ion n. 限制 6restore=re+store(to establish 建立)vt.恢复；修补 order in this area resume=re+sume(to take 拿起)v. 继续；重新开始resume n. 简历retire=re+tire(to draw)拉回来 v. 退休；隐退retrieve=re+trieve(to find 找回)vt.取回，收回reunion=re+uni(one)+on 再成为一体n. 重聚；团圆re
41、veal=re(back)+veal(to veil 带面纱 ) 拿开面纱揭露事实vt.显示真相revelation n.暴露，揭露revenue=re+venue(to come)收回金库的东西n.总收入revise=re+vise(to see) vt. 修改，校订revive=re+vive(to live) v. 使复活，重振44. semi =half 一半的semicircle n. 半圆形semicolon n. 分号semiconscious n. 半昏迷状态semiconductor n. 半导体semidiameter=semi+dia(through 穿过)+meter(
42、to measure 测量 )n. 半径diameter n. 直径semifinal n. 半决赛semivowel n.半元音（w, y）45. sub, sus, su =under 向下的；从属的；附属的subtract=sub+tract(拉)往下拉 vt. 减去6 subtracted by 2 is 4.subconsciousness=sub+conscious+ness下面的意识 n. 潜意识subject=sub+ject(to throw)往下投掷vt. 使臣服，使受支配 n. 臣民；学科；主题 adj. 易受的，受支配的submit=sub+mit(to send)从下
43、方送vt. 屈服于；提出（报告等） submission n.屈服；提交substance=sub+stan(stand)+ce 立于表面现象之下的东西n. 实质，实体；物质substantial adj. 数量可观 a improvementsubstitute=sub+stitute(to place 放置)从下面放置vt.替代 a new chair for the broken onesubtitle=sub+titile n. 副标题；电影字幕suburb=sub+urb(城市) n. 城市的郊区cf. urban adj. 城市的subway=sub+way 下面的道路n. 地铁s
44、ucceed=suc+ceed(to go)跟随着走v. 继承；成功n. success 成功 n. successor 继承人suffer=suf+fer(to carry, to bear 承受)在下面忍受v.受苦；忍受suggest=sug+gest(to carry)从下面拿上来v. 提议n. suggestion 建议support=sup+port(to carry)在下面撑着v. 支持n.supporter 支持者suspect=su+spect(to look)从下面往上看v. 怀疑n.suspicion 怀疑 adj.suspicious 怀疑的sustain=sus+tai
45、n(to hold 保持)从下面护护持v. 维持；供应adj. sustainable development 可持续发展 46. super, sur =above, over 表面的；上面的；超级的superficial=super+fici(face)+al adj.表面的；肤浅的superman n.supermarket n.superior=super+ior(拉丁语表示比较级词尾 )较上面的adj. 较好的；优秀的；占优势的Is socialism superior to capitalism?n.上司；长辈；优秀的人supersonic=super+son(sound)+ic
46、adj. 超音速的supervise=super+vise(to see)从上面看v. 监督n.supervisor 上司，上级 surface n. surpass n.survey=sur+vey(to view 看)从高远处仔细全面观察眺望；全面概述；全面调查survey n. 全面的观察；论述；调查survive=sur+vive(to live)胜过 而生存v. 经历某种灾难而幸存 Few people survived this earthquake. 47. syn =with, together 共同的；合成的syntax=syn+tax(text) n.句法symbol n.
47、 象征；符号；记号synthetic=syn+the(to put 放置 )+tic 形容词词尾把东西放在一起的adj.合成的 rubber 合成橡胶natural fibers and synthetics 天然纤维和合成纤维sympathy=sym+pathy(feeling)共有的感情同情；同感adj.sympathetic 有同情心的symphony=sym+phon y (sound) n. 交响乐symptoms n. 症状；症候system=sy(=syn)+ste(to stand)+m(=ment)名词词尾站在一起的事物n. 系统；体系；制度systematic readin
48、g 系统的阅读748. tele =far off 远程的telegram=tele+gram(writing) n. 电报telephone=tele+phone n. 电话telescope=tele+scope(to look) n. 望远镜television=tele+vis(to see)+ion n. 电视telecommunication=tele+communication n. 电信49. trans =across, over, beyond 穿过；跨越transaction=trans+action n. 交易transcontinental adj. 跨越大洲的，洲际
49、的transfer=trans+fer(to carry) v. 调职；转学；让渡transform=tans+form v. 变形；变质transition n. 过渡；移交the peaceful transition of Hong Kong to Chinatransportation=trans+port(to carry)+ation n. 交通运输translate v. 翻译；解释 translation n. 翻译 translator n. transparent=trans+parent(=apparent) adj. 透明的transmission=trans+mis(to send)送到对面传播；传达50. un = no 没有的；缺失的unashamed adj. 无羞耻的unattended adj. 无人照料的unauthorize
