1、 复合从句： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表 语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。一、主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由 that,whether 以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下, 常用 it 替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如：Who will be our new teacher havent been deciede yet. 二、表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because
2、you are so clever.三、宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。基本形式：（主句）连词 +从句主语+从句谓语+. 关于宾语 从句连词的 选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用 that,在口语中 that 可以省略;They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。)若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用 if 或 whether;I wonder whether I should say something for him to the hea
3、dmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。)若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(what,who,where,when 等)例如： (从句本来就是陈述句)He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) 宾语从句的 时态问题 ：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态, 甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)
4、/ The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that 从句,如：Im sorry Im late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)四、定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella i
5、n his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。 ) 语法术语 的改变：被修 饰的名词或代词称为先行 词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中 that、which、who 称为关系代词,where、when 、how 称为关系副词。五、状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状 语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、 让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。1、时间状语 从句通常由 when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), w
6、hile, whenever 等引导。 时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾, 特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和 Jim 一起玩了。 )2、地点状语 从句通常由 where, wherever 等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！ )3、原因状 语从句 通常由 because, since, as 等引导, 一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad becau
7、se his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。 ) 4、目的状语 从句通常由 so that., so.hat., in order that. 等引导, 往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有 can / could / may / might 等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)5、结果状语 从句通常由 so that., so.that. 等引 导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一
8、般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.(他丢 了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 注意 1、because 与 so；(al)though 与 but；if 与 so 不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。2、时间 、条件、原因,让步状 语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。11.17【练习】1、请分析下面句子是何种复合从句。1、When we should start is still a question. 2、We think that answer is cor
9、rect.3、The player who played basketball best is Yao Ming.4、Where I Iive there are many of trees.5、The problem is when I can get my money back.二、阅读理解 ：An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his
10、 arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫) . Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱 ). Two hours later
11、my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he
12、had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my
13、next door neighbors house! 根据文章内容，选择正确答案： 1.An old friend of mine called _. A. to tell me to meet him at the airport B. to tell me about his arrival C. to ask me to leave the office D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival 2. My friend climbed into the room because _ . A. there was an apple tree o
14、utside B. the living room window was left open C. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadnt found the key 3. My friend telephoned me two hours later _ . A. from my home B. at the airport C. in his office D. from my neighbors house 分析：1、After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him th
15、at I had left the key under the doormat (门垫)2、 I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator. 3、 When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window.
