1、考点十一 主谓一致聚焦考点温习理解定义:在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。根据主谓语之间的规律大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句等表示抽象意义的单词或者短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语表示复数含义时,谓语动词用复数形式。2. 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式
2、。3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。 4. either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us
3、is matter.注意:(1)在口语中当 either 或 neither 后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.5. 在定语从句时,关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动
4、词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。注意:people, police, cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。注意:a number
5、of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“的数量”,主语是 number,谓语用单数。8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。1. what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirty minutes is enoug
6、h for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作
7、主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有 a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。8. “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 三、就近一致原则在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。2. there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。注意:Here 引导的句子用法同上。名师点睛典例分类类
8、型一、语法一致【例 1】_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifth; is D. Two fifths; are【答案】A考点:考查分数及主谓一致。【例 2】Tom with his friends _ playing tennis very much.A. like B. likes C . liking【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:汤姆和他的朋友们非常喜欢网球。本句中描述的是客观性事实,故用一般现在时态。主语是
9、 Tom,with 引导的是伴随主语,故谓语动词用单数,选 B。【点睛】判断出主语的单复数是解答此类题型的关键,注意一些常见词在表示单复数时的习惯用法。类型二、意义一致【例 3】-How many girls are there in your class ?- _ them _ over twenty.A. A number of; are B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. The number of; is【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:你班有多少女孩?人数是 20 多。A number of,一些、许多,后面的谓语用复数形式;the
10、 number of girls 女孩子的人数,后面的谓语用单数形式。所以选 D。考点:考查主谓一致。【点睛】解答此类题型关键是注意牢记一些特殊名词在表示不同意义时的不同用法。类型三、就近原则【例 4】Whats on the desk?There _ a pen, a book and two keys.A. is B. are C. has D. have【答案】A【解析】试题分析:There be 句型表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,句中有若干个名词作主语,动词 be 常与后面主语中的第一个名词在数上一致。have 一般表示某人有某
11、物。句意:桌子上有什么?有一支钢笔,一本书和两把钥匙。第一个名词 a pen 表示单数含义,故选 A。【点睛】初中阶段就近原则主要考查的也就是 there be 句型以及几个固定句式的应用,牢记即可。课时作业能力提升1. Nobody except Lily and Lucy_New York for a month last year. Only they can be our guides. A. have been in B. has been in C. was in D. has been to 【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:除了 Lily 和 Lucy,没有人去年在纽约待了一个
12、月。只有她们可以做我们的向导。Except 除之外;谓语动词要与前面的主语 nobody 保持一致,用单数;句中有过去的时间状语 last year,不能用现在完成时,用一般过去时,故选 C。考点:考查主谓一致。2.Jim, _his father, _watching TV in the evening.A. like, like B. like, likes C. likes, likes D. likes, like【答案】B考点:考查主谓一致及介词。 3. -What he enjoys _great and interesting. -Yes, but its dangerous.A
13、. sounds B. to sound C. sounding D. is sounded【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:-他喜欢的那些什么听起来很好很有趣。-是的,但是有些危险。真正的主语是 What 特殊疑问词作主语按第三人称单数处理。故选 A。考点:考查主谓一致。4. Neither my friends nor I to the costume party last week.A. invite B. invitedC. was invited D. were invited【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:上周我和我的朋友都没有被邀请去化妆聚会。主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系,所以
14、用被动结构,be done.neither nor连接主语时,谓语动词和较近的主语保持一致。因为主语 I 靠近系动词所以用 was,故选 C。考点:考查主谓一致及被动语态。5. _of the news _written in English on the Internet.A. Three quarters, are B. Three quarters, is C. Three quarter, are D. Three quarter, is【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:在因特网上新闻的四分之三是用英语写的。此题考查分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子超过了 1,分母用序数词的复
15、数,又因为新闻是不可数名词,故用 is,根据句意,应选 B。考点:考查分数和主谓一致。6. The first day of school, my teacher says “I” _ a word in English. Aare Bam Cis Dbe【答案】C考点: 考查主谓一致。7. The number of the teachers in our school _ over 400, and _ of them are women teachers.A. are; two-thirds B. is; two third C. is; two thirds D. are; two-t
16、hird【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:我们学校的老师的数目超过 400,他们的三分之二是女老师。第一空主语是 number,所以谓语动词要用单数 is;第二空“三分之二”表达是 two thirds,故选C。考点:考查主谓一致和分数的表达8. About_ of the earth_ _covered with water, but we have less and lessavailable fresh water.A. three-fourth, is B.three-fourths, isC. three-fourth, are D. three-fourths, are【答案】A【
17、解析】试题分析:句意为:地球大约四分之三被水覆盖。但是我们拥有的越来越少。分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母应加“s”。根据语境,这里主语为单数概念,根据主谓一致原则,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。故应选 A。考点:考查分数的表达及主谓一致问题。9. Both Mark and Jim _ very hard. They are top students.A. studied B. studies C. study D. to study【答案】C考点:考查主谓一致的用法。 10. Young people _ wearing jeans _ this .A. like, likes B. likes, likes C. likes, like D. like, like【答案】D【解析】试题分析:年轻人都喜欢穿像这一样的牛仔裤。Like 动词,喜欢;介词,像。根据语意故选 D。考点:考查主谓一致及介词。