1、高考英语一轮复习 语法专题,专题4 正反解读形容词与副词,专题4 正反解读形容词与副词,专题4 高考链接,12011四川卷 How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had_one before.Aa pleasant Ba more pleasantCa most pleasant Dthe most pleasant,解析 B 考查形容词比较级。句意:“最近去四川的旅行,你感觉怎么样?”“我从未有过比这更愉快的旅行了。”此处否定词never与形容词比较级more pleasant一起连用实际上是表达了一个最高级的意思,言下之意:“这是我所经
2、历过的最愉快的旅行。”,专题4 高考链接,22011江西卷 The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. Why?Its _ than the films I have ever seen. Afar more interesting Bmuch less interesting Cno more interesting Dany less interesting解析 A 考查形容词比较级。句意:“我不得不说这部电影真没趣。”“为什么这么讲?它比我看过的那些电影有趣得多。”A项“有趣得多”,符合题意,故选A。,专题4 高考链接,32011
3、江西卷 She has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ about her job. Aspecial Bresponsible Cunusual Dparticular解析 D 考查形容词辨析。句意:她已经尽力了,对她的工作不要太挑剔。A项“特殊的”;B项“负责任的”;C项“非同寻常的”;D项“特别的,挑剔的”。故答案选D。,专题4 高考链接,42011浙江卷 The professor could tell by the _look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a single
4、word of his lecture. Acold Bblank Cinnocent Dfresh解析 B 考查形容词辨析。根据句意“从她茫然的眼神里”可知,这里选blank表示“茫然的,不理解的”。cold表示“冷的”;innocent表示“无辜的,无知的”;fresh表示“新鲜的”。故选B。,专题4 高考链接,52011浙江卷 My schedule is very_right now, but Ill try to fit you in. Atight Bshort Cregular Dflexible解析 A 考查形容词辨析。根据句意“我的日程安排很紧”可知,选tight表示“紧的,
5、紧张的”,符合语境。short表示“短的”;regular表示“常规的”;flexible表示“灵活的”。,专题4 高考链接,专题4 考点归纳, 考点一 形容词、副词的功能1形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语,但有时也作状语,表示伴随、原因等。如:We find the boy considerate.(宾语补足语)He walked in the snow, cold and hungry.(伴随状语)Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road.(原因状语),2副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是考查的
6、重点。如: He spoke English fairly fluently.(修饰性状语) Fortunately, none of them was hurt.(评注性状语) His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.(连接性状语),专题4 考点归纳,规则1:形容词作状语是形容主语的性质,而副词作状语则修饰动词。如: He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。 规则2:有些副词像f
7、ortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解释,表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。如: Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. Personally, I dont think he will interview you.,专题4 考点归纳, 考点二 形容词的位置1形容词作后置定语的几种情况规则1:当形容词修饰由some,any,no,every构
8、成的复合不定代词,如something,anything,nothing等时置于不定代词后。如:Is there anything new in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗?规则2:当“形容词介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时置于被修饰名词后。如:There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有满满一袋米。,专题4 考点归纳,规则3:else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。规则4:有些表语形容词作定语时后置,如afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,ashamed,worth等。如: To
9、m was the only boy awake at that time. 汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。规则5:有些形容词既可位于所修饰的名词之前,也可位于所修饰的名词之后,其意思可能不变,也可能大不相同。如:a nearby school a school nearby 附近的学校;the present situation 目前的形势;the people present 在场的人们。,专题4 考点归纳,2多个形容词排序 规则:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄与新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。即:限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)描绘性形容词(beautiful, interesting)大小、长
10、短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词中心名词。如: a big round conference table 一张大的圆会议桌 a small shiny black leather handbag 一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包 a blue German sports car 一辆蓝色德国跑车 her charming small round pink face她迷人的红润的小圆脸,专题4 考点归纳, 考点三 形容词、副词的比较级1比较结构的使用原则:规则1:同级比较要使用:(1)asadj./adv.as;(2)asadj.名词as。规则2:比较级前可
11、用much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,rather,even,still,a great deal等表示程度,但比较级前不能再用more。如:She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比别人好得多。,专题4 考点归纳,规则3:比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。如: It cant be worse. 不可能再糟糕了。 There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.父母之爱,是世间最伟大的爱。规则4:最高级可用by far、nearly、
12、by no means和序数词等修饰,置于最高级之前。如: He is the second tallest boy in our class.,专题4 考点归纳,2倍数表达法的三种基本句式 规则1:A is倍数as原级as B如: This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。规则2:A is倍数比较级than B如: The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。,专题4 考点归纳,规则3:A is倍数the
13、size/length/weight/heightof B如: The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。【温馨提示】 用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。,专题4 考点归纳,3考点结构与句型 规则1:“the比较级,the比较级”结构,意为“越,越”。 规则2:“比较级and比较级”结构,意为“越来越”,表示程度逐渐变化。如: Our life is getting better and better. 我
14、们的生活越来越好。 规则3:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如: Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。,专题4 考点归纳,【温馨提示】 常见的比喻结构还有:as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee等等。规则4:cant be tooadj. cant beadj.enough 无论都不为过,越越 如:
15、 You can never be careful enough. You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。,专题4 考点归纳,规则5:tooto句型的两个意义 (1)表示否定意义,意为“太而不能”。如: This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题太难,我理解不了。 (2)表示肯定意义,意为“非常,很,极”。当too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时,too表示“很,非常”之意,与very表达“很
16、”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时,形成only /but/all tooto do结构,仍旧表达“非常,很,极”之意。如: Im too glad to hear that.我对此感到非常高兴。,专题4 考点归纳,规则6:与than有关的考点短语 (1)morethan是而不是;与其说不如说 如: That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了,还不如说她累了。) (2)no more thanonly 只不过(言其少) (3)not more thanat most 不多于
17、,至多(指事实) (4)no less thanas much as 和一样多,专题4 考点归纳,(5)no fewer thanas many as 和一样多 (6)rather than“而非,不;宁愿也不”(would/had ratherthan) (7)other than常译为“除之外;不同于”;在否定结构中,形成no/not/nothing other than 的结构搭配。 常译为“正是、恰好是,除了别无”。 (8)more than a little “非常,很”。 (9)more often than not “经常,在大多数情况下”。,专题4 考点归纳,专题4 反面解读,
18、1要避免重复使用比较级。【误】 He is more cleverer than his brother.【正】 He is more clever than his brother.【正】 He is cleverer than his brother.2要避免将主语含在比较对象中。【误】 China is larger than any country in Asia.【正】 China is larger than any other country in Asia.,3比较的对象要一致。 【误】 The weather in China is different from Americ
19、a. 【正】 The weather in China is different from that in America.解析 句意:中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家,比较的对象要一致,因此用that代替前面的不可数名词weather。,专题4 反面解读,4要避免表语形容词用作定语,只有部分表语形容词可作定语。 【误】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner. 【正】 Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the
20、corner.解析 afraid是表语形容词不能作定语,而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词,可以作定语。,专题4 反面解读,5不要把连接性副词当连词使用。 (1) 【误】 He takes no interest in studies, instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies. Instead, he plays tennis all day
21、.,专题4 反面解读,(2) 【误】 The house is not big enough for us, besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us, and besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us. Besides, it is too far from town. 解析 instead, besides等很多词是起连接作用的副词,不能当连词使用,因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系,而句子之间在语法上是独立的,因此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。,专题4 反面解读,