1、PeriodThree Grammar Theuseof“it” (1)课文原句感知1ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.2ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.3ItismybirthdayintwoweekstimeandIllbe82yearsold!4Yourmothertellsmethatyoustartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefi
2、ndingit difficulttogiveitup.5Believeme，Iknowhoweasyitistobeginsmokingandhowtoughitistostop.6Thismeansthatafterawhileyourbodybecomesaccustomedtohavingnicotineinit .7Asyouknow，ifyoudothesamethingoverandoveragain，youbegintodo itautomatically.8Ididntknow，forexample，thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheart
3、andlungsorthatit wasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.一、it 作人称代词1it 的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：Xianisabeautifulcity，isn tit?西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？2也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子 )或不明身份的人：Isthisyourdog?No，itisnt.这是你的狗吗？不是。Hernewbabyistiny；it onlyweighs2kilos.她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。Whoisitknockingatthedoor?Itmi
4、ghtbethepostman.谁在敲门？可能是邮递员。二、it 作非人称代词1指天气：Itisalovelyday，isntit?天气真不错，不是吗？Itisabitwindy.有点风。2指时间：Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.她回来时已近午夜。3指环境：Itwasveryquietinthecaf.咖啡馆里非常安静。4指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。5指日期：Whatsthedatetoday? ItsMay1,2018.今天是几号？2018 年 5 月
5、 1 日。6指季节：Itissummernow.现在是夏季。三、it 作形式主语1it 作形式主语替代动词不定式(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.) todosth.此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult ， hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible ，likely，unlikely ，right，wrong ，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，wellmannered，illmannered，polite，impolite， clear，obvious，certain，sui
6、table ，proper，fit ，useful，useless，dangerous 等。Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel ，considerate ，thoughtful，thoughtless ，careful，careless，silly，foolish ， stupid，clever，wise，crazy 等。Itskindofyoutohelpmew
7、iththeproblem.帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。2it 作形式主语替代主语从句(1)Itisadj.从句Itisclear (obvious/true/possible/certain/.) that.该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “清楚( 显然，真的)” 。例如：Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。(2)Itisv.edthat. Sb./Sth.isv.edtodoItissaid (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/
8、told/hoped/.) that.该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为 “据说( 据报道，据悉)” 。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.据说他已经来北京了。Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进轨道。(3)Itisn.that.Itisapity (ashame/an honor/agoodthing/a fact/asurprise/.) that.该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that 后的从句一般用虚拟
9、语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should 可省去，常译为“竟然” 。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisapitythatsuchathing (should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it 作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用 it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel 等。Ithinkitnousearguingwit
10、hhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。疑难辨析一、it 替代作主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型Itsnogood/usedoing.Its (well) worthdoing.Itsworthwhiledoing/todo.二、it 常用的固定搭配1makeit(1)在口语当中相当于 succeed，表示“成功，做到，说定，赶上，及时到达” 。例如：Heneverreal
11、lymadeitasanactor.他从来就不是一个成功的演员。(2)在口语中相当于 fixthedatefor，表示“约定好时间” 。例如：Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.我们下星期见面好吗？好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。2takeit/thingseasy 相当于 dontworry 或 donthurry，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气” 。Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.别担心！他会做好的。3italldepends/thatalldepends 在口语中，相当于 ithasntbeendec
12、idedyet，表示“视情况而定” 。Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.你要去乡村度假吗？那得看情况。4itsuptosb. 在口语中，相当于 itsdecidedbysb.表示“ 由决定，由负责，取决于” 。Shallwegooutfordinner?Itsuptoyou.我们出去吃晚饭吗？你决定吧！.用适当的代词填空1However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingite
13、veryday.(2017全国)2HowwouldyoulikeitifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou？(2015 浙江)3Lastyear，mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaiditwasawonderfulholidaydestination.(2014广东)4Whosthatatthedoor?Itisthemilkma
14、n.(2014大纲全国)5Susanmadeit cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.(2014山东)6Idappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.(2014陕西).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )1Itwasboth andfrighteningtobeupthere！(2016 浙江，短文改错)excitedexciting2Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaround .
15、(2015浙江，短文改错)themit3Itisdifficultto whyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014辽宁，短文改错)understandingunderstand4Wewereorganizinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsinthecity. willbeheldonthe9thofJulThisItyintheExhibitionHallofBeihai.(2008宁夏，短文改错)5Now，Ifullyunderstandhowhard istoearnmoney.(2008浙江，短文改错) it
16、.用适当的代词填空1Ifyourebuyingtoday spaperfromthestand，couldyouget oneforme?2TheParkersboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.3Itissaidthatheonceworkedinafactory.4Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?5Itis6milestothenearesthospital.6StudyingWendysmenu ，Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilar
17、tothoseofMcDonalds.7Ifinditmyfaulttohavehurtherfeelings.8Newtechnologieshavemade itpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatlowercost.9Theweatherhereisbetterthan thatinShandong.10Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11Ithink impossibletopersuadethemantoquithisplan.thatit12. isnow
18、onderthatthegirllookssohappyshehaswonthefirstprize.ThereIt13Thiscoatlookssonice，soIwouldliketobuy .oneit14Theoldmansaidthatitsnouse heresolong.waitwaiting15Itisapitythatyou 或 would misssuchagoodchance.wouldshould.语法填空(2017甘肃嘉峪关一中高二检测)Tomisaboywithphysical16.disability(disable) andhecantwalkas17.anor
19、malboy.Inordertoofferhimmore18.convenience(convenient)，hismotherboughthimarobot19.whosenameisJimmyyesterday.JimmyaccompaniesTomeverydayafterhisparentsleaveforwork,20.taking(take) careofhim.Tomsuffersfromararedisease.Hecantstandup.Instead，hehastositinanarmchairalltheday.JimmyshowssympathytoTomand21.
20、tries(try) hisbesttomakehimhappy.Somedaysago，hetookTomtothepark.Hetriedtoprotecthimfrom22.beingharmed(harm) HegaveTomencouragementtohaveatrytowalk.SoTomdid.ButtoJimmysdisappointment，Tomfellontheground ，causingsomeotherboysnearbytomakefunofhim.“Dontlaughatthedisabled！”Jimmyturnedaround，warningthosebo
21、ys.Theyfeltsorryandranaway23. immediately(immediate)Thenextday，JimmytookTomtotheparkonceagain.Thistime ，Tomwas24.adaptable(adapt) tothecircumstance.Hegetsbackhisownconfidence25.though/althoughheisstilladisabledboy.阅读理解A(2017湖南浏阳一中高二检测)Myparentswereinahugeargument，andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.Ididntknow
22、whoIshouldtalkwithabouthowIwasfeeling.SoIaskedMomtoallowmetostaythenightatmybestfriendshouse.ThoughIknewIwouldnttellheraboutmyparentssituation，Iwaslookingforwardtogettingoutofthehouse.Iwasinthemiddleofpackingupmythingswhensuddenlythepowerwentoutintheneighborhood.MomcametotellmethatIshouldstaywithmyg
23、randpauntilthepowercamebackon.IwasreallydisappointedbecauseIfeltthatwedidnothavemuchtotalkabout.ButIknewhewouldbefrightenedaloneinthedark.IwenttohisroomandtoldhimthatIdstaywithhimuntilthepowerwasrestored.Hewasquitehappyandsaid， “Greatopportunity.”“Whatisit？” Iasked.“Totalk，youandI， ”hesaid.“Toholdap
24、rivatelittlemeetingaboutwhatweregoingtodowithyourmomanddad，andwhatweregoingtodowithourselvesnowthatwe reinthesituationwearein.”“Butwecantdoanythingaboutit.Grandpa， ”Isaid，surprisedthatherewassomeonewithwhomIcouldsharemyfeelingsandsomeonewhowasinthesame“boat”asIwas.Andthatshowthemostunbelievablefrien
25、dshipbetweenmygrandfatherandmestarted.Sittinginthedark， wetalkedaboutourfeelingsandfearsoflifefromhowfastthingschangetohowtheysometimesdontchangefastenough.Thatnight，becausethepowerwentout，Ifoundanewfriend ，withwhomIcouldsafelytalkaboutallmyfearsandpains，whatevertheymaybe.Suddenly，thelightsallcameba
26、ckon.“Well， ”hesaid， “Iguessthatmeansyoullwanttogonow.Ireallylikeourtalk.Ihopethepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights！”语篇解读 父母争吵使作者感到没有人可以分享自己的感受，但是突然的停电使作者发现有个新的朋友可以交流自己的想法，这就是他的爷爷。1Iwishedtogetoutofthehousebecause.AIwaseagertohavefunwithmybestfriendBIfoundnobodytosharemyfeelingswithCIwantedtoescapefromthe
27、darkhouseDIplannedtotellmyfriendaboutmytrouble答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“IdidntknowwhoIshouldtalkwithabouthowIwasfeeling.”可知，作者发现没有人可以分享他的感受。故选 B。2Grandpawashappytoseemebecause.AhecoulddiscusstheproblemwithmeBhehadnotseenmeforalonglimeChewasafraidofdarknessDhefeltquitelonely答案 A解析 细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“Totalk，
28、youandI”可知，此处是对上文“Hewasquitehappyandsaid， Greatopportunity.”的解释。可知，爷爷认为他可以和我讨论这个问题。故选 A。3Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ATheauthorwaseagertoleave.BTheywouldhavemorechats.CThelightswouldgooutagain.DItwouldnolongerbedark.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由文章结尾爷爷所说的话“Iguessthatmeansyoullwanttogonow.Ireallylikeourtalk.Ihop
29、ethepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights！”可推知，作者和爷爷将会多聊天。故选 B。B(2017山西晋中高二检测)PopularcultureoftenshowsalcoholasabigpartofthecollegeexperienceintheUnitedStates.TelevisionprogramsandmoviesaboutAmericancollegelifehaveimagesofwildpartieswithyoungpeopleeitherdrinkingalcoholorholdingadrink.Now，anewstudyofalcoholus
30、esuggeststhatsomecollegestudentsmaybemissingmealssotheycanhavemoredrinksorgetdrunkfaster.Researchersarecallingthiskindofbehavior“drunkorexia”Thestudyinvolved1,184collegestudentsbetweentheagesof18and26.Researchersfoundthat80percentofthosestudiedhaddemonstratedsomekindofdrunkorexiainthepastthreemonths
31、.Theyhadperformedheavyphysicalexercise，eatenlowcaloriemealsorevenmissedmealsforuptoafulldaybeforedrinkingalcohol.DipaliRinkerorganizedthestudyandpresenteditsfindingstotheResearchSocietyonAlcoholisminJune.Shesaysstudentsseedrunkorexiaasawaytokeeptheirbodyweightdownwhiledrinkingalcohol.Anditcausesthem
32、tofeeltheeffectsofalcoholquicklyandwithmoreintensity(强度)Rinkersaysunhealthyeatinghabitsareonlyoneofthereasonswhythistypeofbehaviorisdangerous.Heavydrinkingislinkedtodrunkdriving，unprotectedsex ，andalcoholpoisoning.GeorgeKoob，whodirectsaUS.governmentalagencythatstudiesalcoholrelatedproblems，saysthatt
33、hepercentofstudentsusingalcoholhasnotincreasedinrecentyears.Butwhatworrieshimisthatthenumberofstudentsdrinkingtothepointof“blackingout”hasincreased.Blackingoutiswhenapersondrinkssomuchalcoholtheyhavenomemoryoftheiractionswhiledrunk.KoobnotesthatcollegestudentsinCanadaandEuropealsofaceissueswithalcoh
34、ol.ButhefeelsabigpartoftheproblemisthatAmericansdonotfullyunderstandalcoholseffects.Mostpeopledonotknowthepartofthebrainwheredecisionsaremadeisnotfullydevelopeduntilage25andthatalcoholharmsthedevelopmentofthatpartofthebrain，headds.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 美 国 大 学 生 过 度 饮 酒 的 现 象 以 及 过 度 饮 酒 所 造 成 的 危 害 。4W
35、hatisthepurposeofthebehavior“drunkorexia”？ATogetdrunk.BTodrinkmorealcohol.CTotakeexercise.DToloseweight.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Shesaysstudentsseedrunkorexiaasawaytokeeptheirbodyweightdownwhiledrinkingalcohol.”可知选 D。5Whatcanheavydrinkingresultin?AUnhealthyeatinghabits.BDrunkorexia.CAlcoholpoisoning.DQu
36、ickresponse.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Heavydrinkingislinkedtodrunkdriving，unprotectedsex ，andalcoholpoisoning.”可知选 C。6Whichofthefollowingistheresultofblackingout?AMissingmeals.BForgettingsomethingonedid.CHavingunprotectedsex.DOperatingavehiclewhiledrunk.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Blackingoutiswhenapersondr
37、inkssomuchalcoholtheyhavenomemoryoftheiractionswhiledrunk.”可知 blackingout 的结果是忘记一个人所做的事。可知选 B。7Bywritingthepassage，thewriteraimsto.AshowheavydrinkinganditsharmBshowAmericacollegelifeCintroduceAmericancultureDexplainharmfulbehaviors答案 A解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了美国大学生过度饮酒的现象以及过度饮酒所造成的危害。故选 A。.完形填空(2017海南琼海
38、中学高二检测)Onceuponatimetherewasalazyandfoolishman.Hewastoolazytowork8afarmer.Hewent9thevillageeverydayanddidallkindsoflittlejobsforpeople.Hewashappytoearnenoughto10fromdaytoday.Hewasvery11atclimbingcoconuttrees.Onedayhewaswalkingthroughacoconutplantation(椰子种植园) Theowneroftheplantation12him ， “Goodafter
39、noon，myfriend ， ”theownersaid， “doyouwanttoearnsomemoneybyclimbingforcoconuts？”“13willyougiveme？”repliedthelazyman.“Illgiveyoutwonutsfrom14treeyouclimb， ”theownersaid， “andtherearetwentyfivetrees.”Thelazyman15.Hestartedtoclimboneofthetrees.Whenhe16thetop，hesaidtohimself, “Therearetwentyfivetrees.Tha
40、tmeanstherewillbefiftynutsforme.IfIsellthenuts，Illgetenoughmoneytobuytwiceas17cheapnuts.ThenIwillboilthenutsand18theoil.AfterthatIwillselltheoilandmakealotofmoney.”“19themoney，Iwillbuymanychickens.Thechickenswillgrowupandlaymanyeggs.Theeggswillhatchintochickens.Iwilltakecareofthechickens.20thosechic
41、kenswillgrowupandlay21eggs.Theytoowillhatchintootherchickens.“Iwillthensellallthechickensandmakeabigprofit.Withthemoney，I llbuysome22presentsandaship.Illgoto23country.ThereIllaskaprincessto24me.”Ashewastalkingto25，thelazymanmovedfromsidetoside.Hewas26.Heforgotthathewasuponatree.Heletgooffthe27andfel
42、ltotheground.Hediedatonce.语篇解读 本文介绍了一个很懒而且愚蠢的人。一天又一天，他为能赚到足够能维持生活的钱而满足。一天他受雇于一位种植园主爬椰子树摘椰子。在树上时他就开始盘算怎么花这次劳动的报酬，幻想着暴富，结果不小心松了手，从树上掉下去摔死了。8A.onBasCtoDfor答案 B解析 workas. 是固定短语，意为 “担任；以身份工作” 。9A.down BforCalong Dround答案 D解析 结合上句可知，这个人不愿当农民，故此处意为“他每天在村子周围转悠，打点零工” ，goround 到处走动，故选 D 项。10A.liveon BgetClive
43、in Dbuy答案 A解析 句意为：一天又一天，他为能赚到足够能维持生活的钱而满足。liveon 以生存，靠生活，故选 A 项。11A.able BwellCgood Dslow答案 C解析 根据下文中提到他替别人上树，可知他擅长爬树，故选 C 项。begoodat.擅长。12A.arrested BstoppedCtold Dcaught答案 B解析 由下文中提到种植园主和这个人的谈话可知，种植园主拦住了这个人，故选 B 项。13A.Howmany BHowoftenCHowsoon DHowmuch答案 D解析 由上句种植园主问的话“doyouwanttoearnsomemoneybycl
44、imbingforcoconuts ？”可知，他们在谈论劳动报酬，故选 D 项。14A.both BeachCall Deither答案 B解析 由下文中的“Therearetwentyfivetrees.Thatmeanstherewillbefiftynutsforme.”可知，此处应表示每爬一棵树可以得到两个椰果，故选 B 项。15A.disagreed BpromisedCclimbed Dagreed答案 D解析 根据下文中提到这个人开始爬树可知，他同意了种植园主的条件，故选 D 项。16A.got BarrivedCreached Dtouched答案 C解析 上句提到这个人开始爬
45、树，故此处应表示他够得着树的顶部，故选 C 项。17A.much BmanyCfew Dafew答案 B解析 此处表示这个人要用得到的椰果去换取两倍多的便宜的椰果，coconut 是可数名词，故用 many，选 B 项。18A.takeoff BtakeoutCtakeon Dtakein答案 B解析 这个人要煮沸椰果并将其中的油取出来。takeout 取出，符合语境。故选 B 项。takeoff 起飞，脱掉；takeon 呈现；takein 吸收，理解，欺骗。19A.Using BUsedCUse DBeingused答案 A解析 根据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词 use 与
46、句子主语 I 是主动关系，故选 A 项。20A.Ontime BIntimeCAtatime DAtthetime答案 B解析 结合句意，此句应表示“总有一天，那些小鸡会长大” ，故选 B 项。ontime 按时；intime 迟早，及时；atatime 每次；atthetime 当时。21A.many BsmallCmore Dbigger答案 C解析 此处与本段第二句“Thechickenswillgrowupandlaymanyeggs.”形成比较，表示“这些鸡总有一天会长大并孵出更多的蛋” ，故选 C 项。22A.expensive BpoorCbad Dcheap答案 A解析 此处表
47、示这个人幻想着自己将来有钱了会买一些昂贵的礼物和一艘船，故选 A 项。23A.other BfarawayCanother Ddeveloped答案 C解析 上文提到这个人买船，故他要去另一个国家，故选 C 项。24A.marrywith BmarryCmarryto Dgetmarried答案 B解析 marry 表示“嫁；娶”时是及物动词，可直接加宾语； getmarried 后需要加介词 to 才能再加名词或代词作宾语，故选 B 项。25A.herself BhimselfCyourself Dmyself答案 B解析 由上文可知，这个人是在自言自语，故选 B 项。talktooneself 自言自语。26A.angry BworriedCpleased Dexcited答案 D解析 结合上文，这个人幻想着自己以后能赚大钱，因此他感到很兴奋(excited)，故选 D项。27A.trunk BladderCleaves Dbasket答案 A解析 结合上句“Heforgotthathewasuponatree. ”和下句“ Hediedatonce.”可知，这个人忘记了自己还在树上，他的手松开了树干(trunk)，摔死了。故选 A 项。
