《悦读教材》2018年高考英语一轮复习（人教版必修二）：Unit5 Music（03悦学知识）.doc

1、Unit 5 Music1. dream of 梦见； 梦想； 设想dream of/about(doing)sth. 梦见； 梦想； 设想(做) 某事I dreamed of flying last night. 昨夜我梦见我在飞翔。All the people in the world dream of peace. 全世界人民向往和平。The girl dreamed about winning first prize.那个女孩梦想获得一等奖。【归纳拓展】dream up 构思； 想出； 虚构dream away 虚度（年华、时光）dream +that 从句 梦想dream a/an

2、. . . dream 做一个 的梦（后跟同源宾语）read a dream 解梦【跟踪典例】用适当的介词或副词填空 /翻译句子The girl dreams_becoming a famous singer in future.The story is purely dreamt ,believe it or not. As a student,he shouldnt dream his precious time.昨晚我梦到了我的启蒙老师。【答案】of/about up awayI dreamed of/about my former teacher last night.2. prete

3、nd vt. 假装； 假扮Were you just pretending to be interested?你是假装感兴趣的吗？He pretended(that) he didnt mind, but I knew that he did.他假装不介意，但我知道他是介意的。When his mother came in, he pretended to be doing his homework. 妈妈进来时, 他假装正在做作业。【跟踪典例】The detective, _to be reading a newspaper, glanced at the man seated next t

4、o a woman. A. pretending B. expectingC. wanting D. intending3. to be honest=honestly 说实在地； 实话说，常用作插入语。同义短语有：honestly speaking 说实在的, 说实话to tell the truth 说实话To be honest,I am not quite satisfied with what you said and done.说实话,我对你的所作所为不是很满意。To be honest,none of us like her very much.说实话,我们都不是很喜欢她。【归纳

5、拓展】be honest with sb 对某人坦诚be honest about/to sth 对某事坦诚be honest in doing sth 做某事很坦诚It is honest of sb to do sth 某人做某事是真诚的【巧学助记】To be honest, he is such an honest man that he is honest about everything and with all his friends. He likes to be honest in dealing with them. 说实在地, 他非常诚实, 并诚实地对待一切事情和他所有的朋

6、友。他喜欢以诚实的态度和朋友打交道。【跟踪典例】_, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A. Generally speaking B. On the contraryC. In particular D. To be honest4. attach. . . to. . . 常见的意思如下：认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）附上；连接，附属把固定在上与有关联I have attached a label to my bag. 我把标签缚在我的包上。A lot of peop

7、le attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.许多人把名和利看的很重。This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby. 这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。【归纳拓展】attach importance/value/significance to.认为有重要性/ 价值/意义attach oneself to 依附，参加；缠着 attach ones name to.在 上签名【跟踪典例】We should_great importance to job training,

8、 so that students will be aware of their development in related aspects. A. concentrate B. devoteC. attach D. emphasize5. form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成；养成n.形状，外形，形式；表格Group activities help to form a childs character.z.x.x.k.团队活动对孩子性格的形成有所帮助。Blue sky,white cloud and the singing birds form a beautiful picture i

9、n his mind.蓝天、白云和欢唱的鸟儿在他脑海中构成一幅美好的画面。According to sociologists,every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification.按照社会学家的说法,每一个现代工业社会,都有某种形式的社会阶层。【归纳拓展】form the habit of 养成的习惯 form into 组成, 编成fill in/out a form 填表格take the form of 采取的形式be in/out of form 处于良好的/ 不良的状态in the form of

10、 以的形式； 呈的状态【跟踪典例】用 form 的相关短语填空。Recently he (成立)a weight-loss club. Manypeople came to (填表格)to join it. He advised his members to (养成好的饮食习惯). He also suggested eating less fat (以的形式)meat. He claimed if they exercised regularly and paid attention to their habit of living, they would surely have a goo

11、d (体形).【答案】has formed fill in/out a formform a good eating habitin the form of form6. earn vt. 赚； 挣得； 获得Dont ask him how much he earns a week. 不要问他一周赚多少钱。It is honorable to earn a living with your hands. 靠双手劳动来养活自己是光荣的。His braveness earned him the reputation. 他的英勇使他获得荣誉。【归纳拓展】earn / make money 挣钱ear

12、n ones bread 谋生earn a/ones living=make a living 谋生, 维持生计earn sb sth 使某人赢得/挣得【易混辨析】earn 强调经过艰苦努力而获得的报酬,宾语多为金钱、荣誉等理应得到的东西win 指在竞赛或战斗中赢得或获得胜利,可以通过努力获得,也可以是凭运气偶然获得,其宾语为表示比赛、战斗或人的名词gain 指通过努力或奋斗获得某种利益、好处或经验。【跟踪典例】You are old enough to_your own living. A. win B. gain C. take D. earn7. perform v.(1) 演出，演奏；

13、表演perform a part in a play 在剧中扮演一个角色perform a role of 扮演角色The play was first performed in 1987. After many years hard training,they gained rich experience and won the football match,earning respect from us all.这部戏剧与 1987 年首次上演。(2) 执行，履行perform ones promise 履行诺言perform ones duty 尽职责perform an operati

14、on 做/动手术perform an experiment 做实验perform a role in 在起作用One should always perform what one promises.一个人应该说到做到。As everyone knows, she performs an important role in our organization. 大家都知道, 她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。【归纳拓展】【跟踪典例】完成句子We should _. 我们应履行我们的诺言。Some musicians travelling everywhere like _. 一些到处旅行的音乐家喜

15、欢给路人表演。As a team leader, he _the team. 作为领队, 他在队中起着重要作用。【答案】 perform our promise to give performances to the passers-by performed a great role in8. play jokes on 戏弄 （joke 也可用单数）performer n. 执行者； 表演者performance n. 表演；演奏put on/give a performance 表演He always plays jokes on my classmates. 他总是开我同班同学们的玩笑。

16、【归纳总结】play a joke on 戏弄 laugh at 嘲笑play a trick/tricks on 戏弄 make a fool of 愚弄make fun of 取笑； 嘲弄【跟踪典例】Daisy cant stand that her classmates often_ her.A. keep up with B. come up withC. look on D. play jokes on9. rely on 依赖； 依靠rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望 /相信某人会做某事 rely on/upon (doing)sth 依赖/信任/ 指望(做)

17、 某事rely on it that. . . 相信； 指望The charity has to rely entirely on public donations. 该慈善机构不得不完全依靠公众捐赠。You can rely on it that he will join our club. 你放心好了, 他会加入我们俱乐部的。【跟踪典例】The less you _ the medicine now, the better it will be for your health later.A. move on B. take on C. rely on D. agree on【答案】C。句

18、意：你现在对这种药的依赖越少，以后对你的健康越有利。rely on 依赖，依靠，符合句意。move on 继续；take on 呈现；agree on 就达成共识。10. break up (1)散会；解散；结束（关系）After midnight, the party broke up. 午夜后聚会散了。The two friends broke up.那两个朋友分手了。注意：rely/depend on 后如果跟 that从句，一定要先用形式宾语 it。(2)打碎，粉碎The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。(3)（学校）放假，学期结束，放学When

19、do you break up for Christmas?你们什么时候放圣诞节假？【归纳拓展】break down 出故障； 坏掉； 失败； 垮掉 break in 破门而入； 打断( 谈话等)break into 强行闯入； 突然起来 break out (战争、火灾等) 爆发； 发生break away from 脱离； 挣脱 break through 克服； 突围； 突破【跟踪典例】写出句中加黑短语的含义。The meeting broke up at eleven oclock. ( )Shes just broken up with her boyfriend. ( )When

20、does the school break up for the summer holidays?（ ）Finally the country broke up into three parts. ( )【答案】结束，停止 断绝关系（学校）放假 分裂11. in addition 另外； 也 (2013江西)In addition,they spend money on fishing equipment,bait,fuel and boat repairs.此外,他们把钱花在钓鱼的装备、诱饵、燃料和船的修理上。【易混辨析】in addition 作状语，对句子补充说明in addition

21、to 除之外，是介词短语，相当于 apart fromIn addition to swimming, she likes tennis.【跟踪典例】Although Diane survived the car crash, her arms and legs were badly injured and_, her car was destroyed.A.in all B.in return C.in brief D.in addition【答案】D。句意:尽管戴安娜在那场车祸中幸存下来,但是她的手臂和腿都受了重伤,另外,她的车也报废了。in addition 除此之外,另外,符合句意。i

22、n all 总计；in return 作为回报；in brief 总之。12. confident adj. 自信的; 确信的be/feel confident of/about 对充满信心be confident in sb 对某人有信心be confident+that 从句 确信Freddy was very confident about his singing. 弗雷迪对他的唱歌很自信。Tom is very confident of his ability to overcome the difficulty. 汤姆对自己能克服困难的能力很自信。We are confident t

23、hat in the new year our country will get much stronger. 我们相信在新的一年里我们的祖国将更加强大。【归纳拓展】confidence n.信心confidently adv.有信心地; 确信地have confidence in sb/oneself 对某人(自己)有信心lose confidence in sb/sth 失去对某人/ 事的信心【跟踪典例】Leave it to him! He feels more _about himself and his abilities these days.A.curious B.confide

24、nt C.sensitive D.worried13. brief adj. 简短的; 简要的 n. 摘要; 大纲Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. 弗雷迪和他的乐队成名后不久, 就到英国去做短暂的巡回演出了。When you call，keep it brief.你打电话时，一定要言简意赅。【归纳拓展】in brief 简要地；简言之 to be brief 简单地说briefly adv.简要地，短暂地 briefly speaking 简要地说【小结

25、】表示概括的词组：in brief, in short, in summary, in general, in conclusion, in a word, all in all, generally speaking, on the whole, to sum up【跟踪典例】Cant you notice that there is little time left? Please tell me the whole thing_. zx.xk.A.in case B.in total C.in brief D.in detail14. sensitive adj. 敏感的; 易受伤害的;

26、 灵敏的be sensitive to 对敏感be sensitive about 介意; 在乎 (2015广东)I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.我了解到鱼是冷血动物,因此对水温非常敏感。【跟踪典例】This kind of flower is very _ to light; it prefers the shade.A.flexible B.sensible C.sensitive D.active【答案】C。句意：这种花对

27、光很敏感，它更喜欢阴凉。flexible 灵活的；sensible 明智的，合乎情理的；sensitive 敏感的；active 积极的，活跃的。故选 C。15. above all 最重要; 首先（强调重要性）Above all，he is an honest man.首先，他是一个诚实的人。Above all，dont talk to anybody about it.最重要的是，对任何人都不要谈起这件事。【归纳拓展】in all 总共 first of all 首先（强调顺序）all in all 总的说来 all at once 突然；同时after all 毕竟，终究；到底 (not

28、) at all 一点也(不) ；完全(不)【跟踪典例】用 above all/in all/after all/first of all 填空People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her._, she is a great musician._, you should know what profession suits you best while looking for a job.There are 60 students_in the classroom.We have many things to

29、do now._, we must study hard.1. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. 他们在报纸上登了一则广告, 想招摇滚乐手, 但他们只招到一个满意的。looking for rock musicians 为现在分词短语在句中作定语, 修饰 advertisement。There is a door leading to the garden. 有一扇门通往花园。【归纳拓展】(1

30、)现在分词(doing)作定语, 可表示主动和动作正在进行, 其被动形式(being done) 通常表示被动的、正在进行的动作。(2)现在分词作定语可转化为定语从句。The meeting being held now is very important. =The meeting which is being held now is very important.【跟踪典例】Those_to join the club should sign here. A. wished B. wishingC. to wish D. to be wished【答案】B。考查非谓语动词。句意 : 想加入

31、本俱乐部的人在这里签名。 those 与 wish 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词作后置定语。2. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. 每周在电视上，门基乐队会演唱其他音乐人写的歌曲。written by other musicians 是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，和所修饰的词之间是逻辑动宾关系，相当于定语从句 which were written by other musicians。This will be the best novel of t

32、his kind ever written.This will be the best novel of this kind that has ever been written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。【跟踪典例】用括号内单词的正确形式填空(2015福建) Teams of four， _(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.Japan_(consider) to be the best prepared to deal with

33、an earthquake emergency set us an example.6. Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends. 素不相识的人们经常议论他们的私生活就像是谈论他们亲密的朋友一样。as if=as though, 意为仿佛, 像, 似乎。通常用在 be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell及 feel 等连系动词的后面。其后的从句常有两种情况: （1）若 as

34、 if/as though 引导的从句表示的是事实或极有可能出现的情况, 从句一般用陈述语气。She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。( 陈述事实 )（2）若 as if/as though 引导的从句表示的是非真实的或出现可能性不大的情况, 从句通常用虚拟语气。从句 虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had过去分词。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用wouldcouldmight 动词原形He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子, 好

35、像他知道她在哪里似的。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。【跟踪典例】Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【答案】B。句意：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。 as if 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；由 Dont handle 可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用动词的过去式 were。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,

36、我们通常用介词+关系代词引导定语从句。如果指人, 用介词+whom; 如果指物, 用介词+which。who 和 that 不能用于此结构。学习时应注意以下几点。一、介词的选用介词关系代词中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词选用介词。The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)2. 根据先行词确定介词。In his room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.在他的房间里，

37、我们看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table)3. 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。Air，without which man cant live, is really important.空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。This book has opened a window，through which we can see a wonderful world.这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。【名师点津】当先行词是 way 且于从句中作状语的时候，我们可以使用 in which 或 that 引导定语从句。在这种情况下，in whic

38、h 或 that 也可以省略。I did not like the way (in which/that)she talked to me.我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。二、介词关系代词的替换1. 当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词或名词短语及名词 reason 时, 介词 in, on, at, for 等与关系代词 which 一 起引导定语从句时, 可用相应的关系副词 when, where, why 等替换。America is the country in which George Washington was born.乔治华盛顿出生在美国。(可用 where 替换 in which)Th

39、e reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him.他拒绝赴宴的原因是他们没邀请他。(可用 why 替换 for which)2. the+名词+of +关系代词引导定语从句时 , 可用of +关系代词+the+名词或whose+名词替换。We study in a classroom，the door of which/of which the door/whose door faces south. 我们在门朝南的教室里学习。申请信的写作Dear Sir or Madam,I

40、write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(报纸/ 网站名称) of_(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a _ (工作名称). On one hand, _(第一个原因). On the other hand, _(另一个原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I woul

41、d be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at_(电话号码).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. z.xx.kYours Sincerely, Li Hua【写作方法】 1. 首段：a. 自我介绍；b. 申请原因；c. 说明写信目的。2.主体：a. 详述有关背景资料：资历、教育经历、工作经历、兴趣爱好；b. 询问有关

42、学校、课程等具体内容。3.尾段：a. 强调上述材料的重要性；b. 希望尽快得到答复；c. 要求手册及申请表；d. 表示感谢。【写作流程图】说明写信目的介绍自我(包括：学历、工作简历、在学校或工作单位的表现)说明申请该职位或学校的原因恳请招聘单位或所申请的学校考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复第一部分：说明写信的目的套语：(1) 兹申请刊登在上的工作。I am writing to apply for the post of advertised in (2) 见上刊登的贵公司广告，我谨申请应聘贵公司的职务。In reply to your advertisement in , I beg t

43、o apply for the post of in your company.(3) 看到贵公司在报上招聘的广告，我马上感到这正是我这段时间所要寻找的工作，并且我能胜任。Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.(4) 我想申请入贵校学习。I would like to apply for

44、admission to your college.(5) 我想在贵校系继续深造。I would like to further my studies in Department of your university.第二部分：介绍详情套语：(1) 我的专业是，我了解贵校在上述领域有极好的项目。My major is, and I understand your university has a good program in this field.(2) 年，我出生于，毕业于大学专业。毕业后一直在工作，因此积累了该领域丰富的经验。Born in in, I graduated fromUni

45、versity majoring in I have been working in since my graduation, and I have therefore attained rich experience in this field.(3) 毕业后，我先担任，随后担任，现任职于Upon graduation, I first worked as The following job was and currently I am working for/in (4) 我现在就读于北京第二外国语学院英语专业，即将毕业。I am now studying at Beijing Secon

46、d Foreign Language Institute and will soon be graduated as an English major.第三部分：说明申请该职位或学校的原因套语：(1) 贵公司目前做的这种工作特别使我感兴趣。The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.(2) 我认为我具备了报上刊登的贵公司一职所要求的必要条件和经验。I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for th

47、e position of advertised in the newspaper.(3) 受我所学课程的影响，我对饭店、酒店管理产生了浓厚的兴趣。Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I have developed a special interest in Restaurant and Hotel Management.第四部分：恳请招聘单位或所申请的学校考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复套语：(1) 如能尽快回复，我将不胜感激。Your early response will be much appreciated.(2) 希望贵校能给我寄来空白申请表。I hope you will kindly send me an application form.(3) 如能收到所需的申请表和有关入学的指南我将十分感激。I would greatly appreciate receiving copies of the required application forms and any instructions