1、（1861-1865）,Something about Civil War,Reasons of America Civil War:,The dispute between the south and the north,Abraham Lincoln was elected as president,The debate of the abolition of slavery,The south VS the north,With American territorial expansion,the friction(矛盾） of the north and the south becam
2、e hairtrigger(一触即发的）.As we all know ,the economic system of the north was capitalist economic system,while ,the south was plantation economy system(种植园经济体制）,which meant an unavoidable war.(essential reason )At the same time,the capitalist called for the abolition of slavery,while the south objected
3、to abolishing it in that they required more cheap labour.1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected as American president ,Lincoln represented interest of the northern capitalists,so this election annoyed the south.(the direct cause of war),After Democratic Party failed in election ,the south began to prepare
4、 rebellion and founded the Confederate States of America(美利坚联盟国）;the Republican Party(共和党）, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campainged aganist the rebellison and founded United States of America(美利坚合众国）,.,At the beginning of civil war,the Republican Party was at disadvantage,as a rusult,taking measures
5、to expand faction was at the top of agenda.So，president Lincoln decided to abolish the slavery and carried out laws such as The Emancipation Proclamation (解放黑人奴隶宣言）and Homestead law（宅地法） 1862. The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery in some States of America.,The day they got freedom!,Gettys
6、burg Address(葛底斯堡演说） by Lincoln,“ Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so co
7、nceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. “,Battle
8、of Gettysburg （葛底斯堡战役）,the turning point of war. was happened in1863，Confederate States of America defeated in this battle.,Battle of Gettysburg s details (the north the south ),Leaders:Robert Lee PK General Grant The total soliders:75000 PK 85000 The death toll:18399 VS 9000 Result:Confederate Stat
9、es of America was loser,United States of America won.,Oh,Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman,Oh Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; The ship has weatherd every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, t
10、he vessel grim and daring:But Oh heart! heart! heart! Oh the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.,Guess it !,Do you know who is the “captain“?,Abraham Lincoln (18091865),1809.2.12, birthday 1832 (23 years old), his state parliament seat，In the same year (23
11、years old), lost. 1834 (25 years), again for the state, this won 1838 (29 years), the states bid to become the spokesman - without success 1840 (31 years old) and strive to be electors - lost 1843 (34 years), to participate in parliamentary elections - also unsuccessful 1846 (37 years), to participa
12、te in the Congress election again - this time elected 1860 (51 years old), was elected U.S. history one. April 15, 1865 ，after civil war,was shoot by John Wilkes Booth (an actor) in the theatre.,In US Civil War period, President Lincoln made bigs contributions to maintenance country unification ,he
13、helped founding and lead the Republican Party .Lincoln refused to recognize the Confederacy and made it his first priority to reunite the nation. To do that he had to overthrow slavery as well, which he did through the Emacipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment. He took personal charge of
14、 Reconstruction, seeking to speedily re-unite the nation. He was opposed by the Radical Republicans who advocated much harsher policies. Lincolns assassination as the war ended made him a martyr and icon of American nationalism.,Robert Edward Lee （1807-1870） -the commander-in-chief of the south,Plac
15、e of birth ： Stratford, Virginia Place of death： Lexington, Virginia Years of service ： 18291861 Rank ： Colonel 上校(USA)General 将军(CSA) Commands held ：Army of Northern Virginia Battles/Wars ：Mexican-American War and American Civil War,Early Life and Career,born in 1807 in Virginiathe fifth child of H
16、enry Leefather died when he was 11entered the United StatesMilitary Academy (陆军军官学校)in 1825first year the rank ofsergeantgraduated in 1829Mexican-American War (1846-1848),The result of civil war,Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 186
17、5，theUnited States of America won in the war,and the country was united.,The Significances of the Civil War,()The economic significance:It wiped out a remnant of the feudal times, which set back the economy of capitalism developed. Second, modern system of agricultural capitalism was set up.Third, t
18、he north struggled against southern plantation economy;Fourth, the Homestead Act announced in1862 made many poor people could get their own land. These actions were very meaningful to the poor people then. Meanwhile, encouraged people fight with the south. What is the most important is boosting the
19、capitalist economy development.,First, the most obvious is the war safeguard national unity and ethnic solidarity. Second, freed the black slaves encouraged Americans democracy.Compared with before, they have much more rights and freedom.,()The political significance,Significance of the mental and c
20、ulture,The spirits about honest, brave, adamancy, responsibility and sense of duty and honor have great effect on American people ever since. Meanwhile, as a very complex and important modern war, it offered subject for the later literature. It amazing that in many literary outputs, the south slave
21、owners and military officers are real positive characters. For example, Gone With the Wind, Gods and Generals.,The negative meaning,It brought enormous damages. According to statistics, the injured and the dead people were about 1095000 in total. About 64000 northern people were killed, the rest wer
22、e the south. The courses of the death were various, for instance, illness, murder, drowning, poison and so on. Civil War Monument written that this war last 4 years, about 620000 people were killed in the battle In term of economy, the war consumed a great deal of money. Too much community facilities and environment damaged. All these set back the economy to some extent.,Thank you !,小组成员：黄婷芳、龚玉萍、陈清、屈红英、程卫剑,
