1、考点5 态度意图与篇章结构,考点5 态度意图与篇章结构1.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to . 2.In writing the passage, the author intends to . 3.The writer uses the example of.to show that . 4. .are mentioned in the first paragraph to . 5.What is the opinion of the author in the passage? 6.The author s attitude
2、 towards.might be summarized as . 7.What does the author mean by saying.?,8.Which of the following best describes the author s tone in this passage? 9.The tone of this passage could be best described as . 10.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?,1.写作意图题体裁主旨法,典例1 (201
3、6课标全国,C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake ad- vantage of Apple Day to see whats around. It s called Apple Day but in practice it s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on Oc- tober 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Vi
4、siting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermar- kets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical,apples still in existence, such as D
5、ecio which was grown by the Ro- mans. Although it doesn t taste of anything special, it s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat s Head which is more of a cu- riosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for ea
6、ting quality is Orleans Reinette, but you ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs,ch
7、ildren are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near F
8、aversham in Kent. 31.What is the author s purpose in writing the text? A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival. C.To help people select apples. D.To promote apple research.,思路点拨 本文的主题是社会文化。通读全文可知,文章的写作 目的是介绍苹果节。,答案 B,2.观点态度题关键词句法,典例2 (2015重庆,A片段)I didnt expect anything when I
9、handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying?” 38.What was Mrs.Smith s attitude to the author at the end of the story? A.Angry. B.Impatient. C.S
10、ympathetic. D.Encouraging.,思路点拨 由Smith老师给作者评定作业等级为A以及她所写下 的“See what you can do when you keep trying?”可知Smith老师 对作者的态度是“鼓励的”。,答案 D,3.篇章结构题四步解题法,典例3 (2016北京,D) Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identit
11、y. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult re- sponsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and f
12、rom within. In the past two decades, however, con-,tinued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter o
13、f the family to au- tonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process in- volves “t
14、rying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intel-,lectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to ex- press opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questio
15、ning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on admin- istrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the cha
16、llenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.,Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape stu- dent behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly
17、 defined(规定) and controlled, the in-sensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particu- larly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm
18、at times of national emergency. What is lack- ing today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy,and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to ex- perience intellectual growth.Every college discussi
19、on about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental im- portance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.,70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?,I:Introduc
20、tion P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion,思路点拨 文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样 变成青春期的延续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和第 五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进行总结。,答案 C,巩固技能练,Passage 1 (2018北京海淀第一学期期末, D) Is Technology Moving Too Fast?Differing fundamentally from the prior technologies such as tele- phones, televisions and automobiles,
21、which are better known as lock -in, the new technologiescomputers, biotechnology and nanotech (纳米技术)are self-accelerating. This means that the products of their own processes enable them to develop even more rapidly. Since they drive almost whole sectors of society, creating unstable, unpredictable
22、and unreliable conditions, there is a growing public,concern that perhaps what civilization needs is a NOT-SO-FAST button. Supporters of technological determinism make a strong case for let- ting self-accelerating technologies follow their own life cycle. Rapid development in computer technology, th
23、ey point out, has separated robotics and the Internetto the great benefit of industry and human communications. Besides, it isnt so easy for a free society to put the brakes on technology. Even if one country decided to abandon the next technological revolution, another country would gladly take it
24、up.,However, there are comforting situations in which technology may brake itself. In the aging population of the developed world, many people are al- ready tired of trying to keep up with the latest cool new tech. Youth- driven tech acceleration could be interpreted as simple youthful stu- piditysh
25、ort-sighted and short-lived.The market for change could dry up, and lock-in might again become the norm. Stress and great tiredness make powerful decelerators.Change that is too rapid can be deeply divisive. If only the elite (精 英) can keep up, the rest of us will grow increasingly puzzled about how
26、 the world works. We can understand natural biology, complex,as it is, because it holds still. But how will we ever be able to under- stand quantum computing (量子计算) or nanotechnology if its com- plexity keeps accelerating away from us?Constant technological revolution makes planning difficult, and a
27、 society that stops planning for the future is likely to become a fragile society. It could experience violent economic unrest. It could slip into wars fought with cruel new weapons. Its widespread new tech- nologies could fail in massive or horrible ways. All these constant, worrying small failures
28、 could weaken the whole social progress.With so many powerful forces at play, technology could hyper-ac-,celerate to the stars with astonishing rapidity, or it could stop com- pletely. My expectation is that it will do both, with various tech- nologies proceeding at various rates. The new technologi
29、es may be self-accelerating, but they are not self-determining. They are the re- sult of ever renegotiated agreement with society. Because they are so powerful, their paths may undergo wild swings, but I think the trend will be toward the dynamic middle:much slower than the op- timists expect, much
30、faster than the pessimists think humanity can bear.,1.Supporters of technology self-acceleration hold the view that . A.the society is free to make the technology go more slowly B.the high rate of computer tech is of great benefit to human C.robotics has developed less rapidly than computer technolo
31、gy D.self-accelerating technologies promote international cooperation 2.According to the passage, what may slow down the accelerating technology? A.A carefully planned society. B.The simple youthful stupidity. C.Peoples stress and exhaustion. D.The rapid change of the market.,3.What s the author s p
32、urpose in writing the passage? A.To guide the new technologies for a safe acceleration. B.To confirm the public concern about new technologies. C.To explain the threats of technological self-acceleration. D.To relieve the public fear for technology acceleration.,4.Which of the following shows the de
33、velopment of ideas in this passage?,CP:Central point P:Point Sp:Sub-point (次要点) C:Conclusion,答案 语篇解读 本文为议论文。作者在文章中探讨了科技进步是 否过快的问题,并表明科技发展趋势为动态居中。 1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 Rapid development in computer technology, they point out, has separated robotics and the Internetto the great benefit of industry and
34、 human communica- tions.可知本题选择B项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句Stress and great tiredness make powerful decelerators.可知此题选C项。,3.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句说明公众对科技发展是 否过快表示担心。阅读全文可知作者通过论证自己的观点来缓 解公众恐惧,故选D项。 4.D 逻辑结构题。文章的第一段引出论题,第二段说明支持科 技快速发展的观点,第三段引出科技降速的三种情况,与第二段观 点并列,并分别在第四、五、六段中阐释,最后一段作者总结自己 的观点,故选D项。,Passage 2(20
35、17山西太原高三二模,C)“Stop all the rushing and screaming: too much excitement is bad for families. Kids are missing out on an essential liferelaxed downtime,” says Dr. Charlotte Reznick.“Parents work, and kids do scheduled activitiestheres little fam- ily time without pressure,” says Reznick. “One parent is
36、 taking the son to a soccer game, and the other parent is taking the daughter to her swim meet. Then there s art class, baseball practice, extra tu- toring, and more! By the time the family meet up for dinner, every- one is exhausted.”,All the rushing makes for a short temper. “When parents are re-
37、duced to shouting at their children to get them to listen, they lower their own self-esteem as well as losing the respect of their chil- dren,” says Dr. Carl Pickhardt. “While parents think it shows they re serious about what they re saying, they are really just showing desperation.”These days what
38、kids are learning at school and from the outside is a lot greater than it used to be.“The problem is that stress-relieving activitiesreading, taking walks or hot baths, watching the sunset and other activities are not,even part of most kids experience anymore,” says Reznick.“There are so many more s
39、ocial-interaction opportunities in our computer age, but not all of them promote meaningful connections, which is another potential outlet for stress,” she says.One way to relieve stress is a simple technique called “the balloon breath”. It s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can
40、respond thoughtfully rather than just react.Here s how to do it. Imagine a deflated (未充气的) balloon in your stomachabout two to three inches below your navel (肚脐). Slow- ly breathe in to a count of l.2.3.and feel the lower belly expand, and flatten as you slowly breathe out to a count of l.2.3.,5.Wha
41、t can we infer from the second paragraph? A.Kids can hardly enjoy family time due to heavy burdens. B.Saturday is the only leisurely day of the week for kids. C.The life of kids is becoming rich due to extra classes. D.Parents have no time on weekends to care for their kids. 6.What does Dr. Carl Pic
42、khardt think of parents when they yell? A.They have no self-confidence. B.They take what they say seriously. C.They are always behaving like children. D.They are less respected and seem desperate.,7.What is the function of “the balloon breath” according to the seventh paragraph? A.To make one cool d
43、own. B.To test ones patience. C.To raise ones awareness. D.To fill a balloon with air. 8.What is the purpose of the author writing this passage? A.To tell educators to be patient. B.To advise parents not to make life too stressful for kids. C.To encourage kids to pursue creativity. D.To show that ki
44、ds need patience and love from their parents.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。现在的孩子们压力很大,他们 失去了很多和家人们在一起的时间。父母不应该再让孩子们感 到压力太大,对孩子们要具有耐心。 5.A 推理判断题。根据文章的第二段可知每个人都很忙碌,因 此孩子们很少能享受和家人在一起的时间。 6.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的they lower their own self- esteem as well as losing the respect of their children 和they are real- ly just show
45、ing desperation可知父母们冲着孩子们嚷,反而不被孩 子们尊重,并且这是一种绝望的做法。,7.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的It s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can respond thoughtfully rather than just react可知,这是一种使人冷静下来的方法。 8.B 写作意图题。根据原文第一段的Stop all the rushing and screaming以及下文内容可知答案选B。,Passage 1(2018四川成都七中高三二诊,D)Nature has it
46、s own way of balancing itself out, but when we humans get involved, we tend to throw things out of control. Forests and o- ceans are natural carbon sinks that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but since weve been pumping too much into the air, those sinks can t keep up. Scientists at the Ma
47、x Planck Institute in Germany, led by biologist Tobias Erb, have figured out a way to su- percharge plants to make them better at absorbing CO2, which could be a key defense against climate change.Erb and his team figured out a way to make plants more efficient at,拓展提升练,absorbing carbon, so that the
48、y could consume more carbon in a shorter amount of time. “If you think about plants, they are effi- cient CO2-fixing filters, but they are not fast,” Erb said. “I think there is a chance to improve existing biology with synthetic(人造的) biology.”Erb s team identified 17 enzymes(酶)from nine different o
49、rganisms, reengineering three of them, which had an enlarged carbon consumption. When those enzymes worked together as a team, they worked better than not only plants natural enzymes, but also them- selves individually. Existing enzymes in plants consumed about 5 to,10 moles(摩尔)of CO2 per second. Th
50、e team of enzymes that Erb used consumed 80 moles per second.So far, these enzymes have only been tested in test tubes in the lab, but the next step is real-world testing where the enzymes would be introduced into plants to see if the same result occurs. If those tests show that plants really can be supercharged, we could have a new tool in the fight against climate change where not only do we protect the amazing carbon-absorbing forests we have, but we also add these super plants or an artificial leaf technology using the enzymes into other mixed fields.,
