1、考点4 主旨大意,考点4 主旨大意1.The main idea/key point of the passage is that. 2.From the passage we can know that. 3.The best title/headline of the passage must be. 4.The story mainly tells us that. 5.What does the writer mainly tell us? 6.Whats the author s main purpose? 7.The last paragraph is chiefly concer
2、ned with . 8.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?,1.归纳文章标题,典例1 (2018课标全国,D片段)We ve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the unco
3、mfortable silence. What s the problem?It s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it s awkward and challenging, or we think it s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself a- mong strangers,
4、consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.,Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldn t even exist if it weren t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑
5、剂)for social communica- tion, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Insti- tute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,
6、not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group,was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chat
7、ted with their server reported significantly higher positive feel- ings and a better coffee shop experience.“It s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn
8、believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a signifi- cantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci be- lieves developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.,35.What is the best title for the text? A.Convers
9、ation Counts B.Ways of Making Small Talk C.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable Silence,思路点拨 主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根 据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价 值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础) 可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项 “会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交 谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方 法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲
10、聊的方式”;D项“令人不 安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。,答案 C,2.概括文章大意,典例2 (2018课标全国,B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example,
11、is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒 野).But
12、gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it,was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hund
13、reds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug fo
14、r gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.,But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappo
15、inted people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present p
16、op- ulation is 762.,26.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.,思路点拨 题干句意:很多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?根据 第三段第四句话第一个逗号后的部分(当他们听说在阿拉斯加州 发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆
17、忙来道森市一样,又匆忙离开 了这里)可推断出这些人匆匆忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去 了,又去碰运气看能不能变富。B项“他们想去别的地方碰运 气。”与原文意思相符。,答案 B,巩固技能练,Passage 1(2018宁夏银川4月质检,B)I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval, he will learn to love himself and will be successful in his own way.Several weeks ago, I was doing homework with my s
18、on in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he should concentrate. He sat but seconds later, as if he didnt even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting frustrated, but then I started noticing his answers were much quic
19、ker and accurate when he stood. Could he be more intent while standing?,This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was sure to success. This child would have the discipline to study hard, get good grades and become so
20、meone important in life.Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits, and that all they can do is love and accept them. As parents, throughout their growing years, we need to be our kids best cheerleaders, guiding them and h
21、elping them find their way.I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Obviously,he is concentrating just in his own way. We need to learn to ac- cept our kids ways of doing things. Some way may have worked for me but it doesn t mean we need to carry it through generations. There is no
22、thing sweeter than being individual and unique. It makes us free and happy and that s just the way I want my kids to live their own life. 1.In the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him . A.finish his homework on time B.keep silent in the room C.pay more attention to
23、 his study D.get right answers,2.Inspired by the case of his son, the author began to doubt . A.the old form of education B.the importance of parents C.the relationship between kids and their parents D.the good grades of some kids 3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is RIGH
24、T? A.We should help kids correct their wrong ways. B.Parents should love and accept their kids. C.Parents should study their kids DNA. D.Kids should be taught to behave themselves.,4.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A.Study Hard and Youll Be Successful. B.Be Friendly to
25、 Your Children. C.Parents Help with Their Children s Study. D.Children s Success in Their Own Style.,答案 语篇解读 每个人都有自己成功的方式,家长切不可将自己接 受的教育强加于孩子身上。家长要做的就是付出爱心、接受他 们。 1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he should concentrate.”可知,作者一再要求 孩子坐下来,告诉他要专心。concentrate与pay attentio
26、n to意思相 近。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第三段第一句“This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.”可知,作者开始怀疑旧的教育方式,故答案为A项。,3.B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句可知,家长应该意识到 孩子有自己的DNA和特性,家长能做的就是爱他们并接受他们,B 项符合文章内容。 4.D 主旨大意题。由全文可知,作者以自己的经历告诉读者,每 个孩子都有自己成功的方式,家长切不可强迫他们做出改变,D项 符合文章主旨。,Passage 2(2017云南昆明高三5月适应
27、性检测,D)Parents may think theyre smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.The report finds little connection
28、 between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do. 9 out of 10 par- ents know that medicines should be stored up and out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies
29、,and toddlers(学步者)aren t tall enough or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they d been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach.Most poisonings related to medicinesparticul
30、arly among babies and toddlersoccur within their home. Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment. At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it s very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.The new Safe Kids Worl
31、dwide report includes a survey of 2,000 par-,ents with children under age 6. While the number of children visit- ing an emergency department for accidental poisonings had declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the mos
32、t severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补充品)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the risk of an accidental medicine poisoning. 5.Why are children poisoned according to the text? A.Some of the medicines at home taste nice. B.There is something poisonous in med
33、icines. C.Kids have easy access to medicines at home. D.Kids are curious to explore the environment.,6.What can we learn from the text? A.Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids. B.The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6. C.600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly. D.Kids are
34、 usually smart at storing medicines at home. 7.What could be the best title for the text? A.Parents Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Being Poisoned B.The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately,C.Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines D.Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home,答
35、案 语篇解读 本文主要介绍了由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子 药物中毒的调查结果。 5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话和第二段中“Unfortu- nately, they probably can.”可知,孩子中毒是因为他们在家里能 拿到药品,故选C项。 6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that”和第四段第一句话可知,在采访对象中只有2000 0.3=600人能够恰当地存放药品,故选C项。 7.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,这项调查结果表明由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子药物中毒,故选A项。,Passage 1(2
36、018福建毕业班质量检测,B)If you thought pilots dimmed(调暗)the lights before take-off to give you some shut-eye, think again. Believe it or not, the dim lighting could actually help save your life in case of a plane emergency.The dimmed lights before taking off and landing are a flight precau- tion used to help
37、 passengers eyes adjust more quickly during an e- mergency evacuation. “Going from a brightly lit environment to one that s completely dark would require some time for our eyes to focus and see the evacuation slide,” Alice Theriault, service direc- tor for Air Canada wrote in a press statement. “Sin
38、ce we need to,拓展提升练,have all the seconds on our side in the event of an emergency, dim- ming the lights is one of many steps we take to ensure the safety of our customers.”The phenomenon that your eyes see those strange speckles (斑点) as your sight adjusts to a dark place after being in a light place
39、 is called dark adaptation. It normally takes our eyes about 20 to 30 minutes to see best in a dark room. The brighter the lights, the longer it takes for our eyes to adjust, which is why dimming the plane lights could shorten your dark adaptation time since you haven t been sitting under fluorescen
40、t bulbs (荧光灯) all flight.,Not only does dimming lights add valuable time to the evacuation process, but it reduces the tension in your eye muscles if you need to look outside, or see the emergency lighting along the passage.“It helps keep you in the right direction,”Patrick Smith, an airline pilot a
41、nd author of Cockpit Confidential told The Telegraph.“It also makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks, such as fire or debris, which might affect an evacuation. So next time a pilot dims the lights, just know it s for your safety, even though it creates a gentle atmosphere
42、for your take-off into the sky.”,1.The lights are turned down before take-off to help passengers . A.take a short break B.escape in time of emergency C.create a warm atmosphere D.adapt their eyes to the bright environment 2.What is one of the roles of shortening dark adaptation time? A.Slowing down
43、the landing. B.Adjusting the plane lights. C.Keeping passengers calm. D.Helping the crew assess outside risks.,3.What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to? A.Dimming lights. B.The evacuation process. C.Reducing tension. D.The passage. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.A tip
44、for air travel. B.An emergency event on a plane. C.A warning message on a plane. D.An explanation of an airline safety measure.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,介绍了飞机在起飞或降落之前把灯 光调暗的原因。 1.B 事实细节题。本题题干意为:在飞机起飞之前将灯光调暗 是为帮助乘客 。根据第一段尤其是该段最后一句(信不信 由你,将灯光调暗有助于你在紧急情况下逃生。)可知答案为B 项。A:短暂休息;C:创造一种温暖的气氛;D:使他们的眼睛适应明 亮的环境。 2.D 事实细节
45、题。本题题干意为:缩短“黑暗适应”的时间的 作用之一是什么?根据最后一段中的“It also makes it easier for,flight attendants to assess any outside risks, such as fire or debris, which might affect an evacuation.”可知答案为D项(帮助机组人 员判断外面的危险)。A:减缓着陆速度;B:调节飞机灯光;C:使乘 客保持平静。 3.A 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:最后一段中的画线词“It”指 代什么?画线词It指代上句中的“dimming lights”以避免重复,故 答案为
46、A项。 4.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文主要是关于什么的?本文 是对航空中的一项安全措施在飞机起飞或降落前将灯光调 暗进行解释的,故答案为D项。A:一个乘飞机旅行的忠告;B:在飞机上的一次紧急事件;C:在飞机上的一种警报。,Passage 2(2017福建泉州高三5月教学质量检测,D)Do you like eating processed meat? If you do, think twice now if you want to eat such meat for the sake of your health. Why? Its be- cause eating processe
47、d meat can cause cancer, World Health Orga- nization (WHO) experts said last Monday.Processed meat is meat that has been preserved by salting, smoking, drying or canning. Experts from the WHO s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France studied 800 pa- tients. The experts con
48、nected processed meat, such as hot dogs and bacon, with at least three kinds of cancer. A person who eats 50,grams of processed meat per dayabout two pieces of baconin- creases his or her risk of bowel(肠) cancer by 18 percent.The IARC has included processed meat on its Group 1 list, for which there
49、is “enough evidence” of connection with cancer. To- bacco is also on the Group 1 list.WHO experts also said red meat, including beef, lamb and pork, is “probably” carcinogenic (致癌的) to humans. Dr. Kurt Strait is with the IARC.He said in a statement that the risk of cancer increas- es with the amount
50、 of meat a person eats. Health experts in some countries advised against eating large amounts of red and processed,meat. But those suggestions had been centered on the increased risk of heart disease and obesity.However, meat industry groups protest the result of the WHO study. They say that meat is part of a balanced diet. They also say the causes of cancer are broad, and include environment and lifestyle factors.The WHO report cites the Global Burden of Disease project, which shows that diets high in processed meat lead to 34,000 cancer deaths per year worldwide.,
