1、高考英语阅读理解指导,Reading Comprehension,高考阅读文章体裁和题材,说明文(Exposition) ：科普类、社会生活类、介绍类等,应用文(Practical writing )：广告、新闻、调查报告、说明书等,记叙文 (Narration) ：文学类（小说、故事、人物传记等）,议论文(Argumentation) ：各种社会热议话题,近三年江苏高考阅读理解题型及分布,讲解与指导,A,What genre(体裁) does this text belong to ?Exposition (说明文) Argumentation (议论文) C. Practical writ
2、ing (应用文） D. Narration (记叙文）,1. What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grandkids.C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.,【试题解析】细节事实,“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to e
3、nter the digital age and get cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell,the last straw- the straw(稻草) that breaks the camels back压垮骆驼的稻草,The last probl
4、em that finally makes sb give up 终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事,3. An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is_. A. its discount price with a free gift B. its reasonable rate plans without a contract C. its “global-positioning” system with 911 access D. its good customer service all over the world,【试题解析】细
5、节事实,Affordable plans that I can understand-and no contract to sign (签订)! Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan，I won t find myself ,干扰项：部分错误,C最强干扰项: 含有global-positioning该信息，而未提及Jitterbug这款手
6、机就具有该功能。,事实细节题指导策略,提问方式( Question forms): Which of the following statement is true/false? Choose the right order of the events given in the text Which of the following is not the result of .? What does the writer pay the least attention to? The author gives the example in order to?,干扰项特征(Identities
7、of wrong choices)Not mentionedPartly mentioned To switch information of A to that of BSimilar to original sentences, with some key words changedPartly right, partly wrongWrong summary about facts (无中生有、以偏概全、张冠李戴、与原文极为相似，但改变一些关键词、部分正确，部分错误、对细节事实的错误概括),Approaches:Scanning the passage with questionsPos
8、itioning the content in the related paragraphsAnalyzing the key sentences, especially complex onesFiguring out main ideas of the paragraph and the relationship between main ideas and facts. (1. 查读法：带着问题浏览文章 2.原文定位法： 根据题干中关键词，找准相关内容 3. 分析关键句和长难句 4. 判定细节和主题的关系),Practice,Berninger and her colleagues co
9、nducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. Ber
10、ningers study published in 2009 _. A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences. D. discussed the importance of writing speed.,study or consider sth,A-a
11、 correct summary,B/C/D-incorrect understanding,B,What genre does this text belong to ?Exposition (说明文) Argumentation (议论文) C. Practical writing (应用文） D. Narration (记叙文）,7. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_. A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in liv
12、ing things C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature,【试题解析】推理判断,（para4）Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. T
13、hat makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.,1,2,支撑句1和2是何关系？,That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.,此句意为, “如果将shrilk用于那些对材料需求量大的产品，其存在于自然界中丰富的物
14、质材料会使得成本低，而且可以大量生产。”,2,长难句2分析: that 指代前面提到的materials from which its made are plentiful in nature,make 后接两个宾语及宾语补足语，make shrilk low cost(使其成本低）make its mass production possible(使其大量生产成为可能）,should it be used for.= if it should be used for . It 指shrilk,7. According to the inventors, shrilk has great po
15、tential partly because_. A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living things C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature,【试题解析】推理判断,（para4）Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature,
16、found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.,1,2,该段主题句,支撑句1和2是何关系？,无关信息,片面信息,因果关系 Cause-effect,推理判断题指导策略,提问方式(Question forms): It can be inferre
17、d from the passage thatThe author suggests that _What does the passage imply about?Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?What is the authors attitude toward?,题型特征：主旨类推理判断和局部推理判断；理解原文字面意义基础上，对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出判断和推理,解题方法： 直接推导法：迅速定位考点出处，根据此处上下文推敲 2. 排除法：排除掉那些肤浅阐释、颠倒次序、无中生有的选项，必须遵循一个
18、原则“紧扣文章内容”,干扰项特征: 推理过度，超出文章范围 只是原文的简单复述而非推断出来的结论 看似从原文中推断出来，而因果倒置、手段变目的等 考生已有的常识，但不是从文章内容而推断得出,One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, I found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one e
19、lse was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived. Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swal
20、low my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.,What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus? A. Other vehicles also stopped there. B. It was unreliable for making judgments. C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl. D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.
21、,Practice,无关信息,错误推断,考生固有的常识：盲人乘车不便，花时间自然多，但与此题无关,What will be talked about in the next paragraph? More reasons for sub health B. The way to solve the problem of sub health C. Who suffers from sub health D. Why people with higher education more likely to suffer sub health.,Bad working habits, poor di
22、sease prevention knowledge, not enough governmental investment and lack of health education are the main reasons, said Yang Xiaoduo, a healthcare expert with a local health association, who said China should race against time seeking measures to solve the sub health problem.,Identifying links betwee
23、n paragraphs,The last sentence introduces the topic of the next paragraph,C,What genre does this text belong to ?Exposition (说明文) Argumentation (议论文) C. Practical writing (应用文） D. Narration (记叙文）,11The authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as_. A. enthu
24、siastic B. negative C. positive D. sympathetic,As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it isnt wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I
25、cant expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.,
26、【试题解析】推理判断- 观点态度,作者要选能给顾客留下好印象的员工，拒聘那些令顾客失望的，公司不必改变其对服饰要求的规定去迎合应聘者,观点态度解题方法： 辨别清楚文章文体：议论文，文章中心句一般暗示作者的态度；说明文，其体裁客观性，作者态度往往中立；记叙文，文章观点不直接给出，作者写作常带有某种倾向，需细心捕捉情感态度的词，短语或句子 区分选项的褒贬义( Emotional meaning),D,What genre does this text belong to ?Exposition (说明文) Argumentation (议论文) C. Practical writing (应用文）
27、 D. Narration (记叙文）,14. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A. I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job.C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.,I left university with a good degree in English Liter
28、ature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, a
29、lthough the job that I did was dull.,【试题解析】语义理解,语义理解题指导策略,提问方式(Question forms): The word “”refers to .?The underlined word “” could be replaced by ?What do you think the expression “” stands for?Which of the following is closest in meaning to “”?By saying “” we mean ,题型特征：对文中单词、词组和句子的理解,解题方法： 通过上下文来
30、猜测词义(context) 定义或释义关系 同位关系 同义或反义关系 描写 因果关系 语法功能 上下文提供的信息 代词所指的内容,2. 通过构词法来猜测( word formation) 转化：词形不变而词性发生变化 合成词：由两个或以上的独立含义的单词组合而成的 派生词：在词根上加前缀和后缀3. 平时注意累积生词和短语(accumulation),One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My baby brother was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor li
31、ttle thing had been sent to a hospital. He had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying”, which sounded ominous.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph3 probably mean? A. Impossible B. Boring C. Difficult D. Fearful,Practi
32、ce,According to description,Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.,The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to _. realize o
33、ur dreams B. give support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions,Practice,修辞法：暗喻（metaphor), 将书比喻成斧子,内心的冰河比喻成沉睡的情感。字面意思“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”,即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感引起共鸣之意。,For lawyers, a courtroom is a battlefield. Compared to my house, his is a palace.,【试题解析】主旨大意,It feels like an
34、 unbelievable stroke of luck of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, theres no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher to be a published writer is unbelievably rewarding.,B 信息正确，无关主题,C 延伸内容，出现在文末，但与主题不密切,D 局部信息
35、，属细节而非概括,干扰项 ：,17. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph? A. It pays to stick to ones goal. B. Hard work can lead to success. C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky. D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something,当你开始从事不同的事时，起初看不到结果，而最后发现自己在出版合同上签名时将成为
36、出版作家，才体会到这未曾想过的回报,主旨大意题指导策略,提问方式(Question forms): The main idea of this passage is that_The passage is mainly about_Which of the following best states the theme of the text ?Which of the following is the most suitable/ best title ?What is the main idea of Paragraph3 ?,题型特征：篇章主旨题和段落主旨题,解题方法： 1. 辨认体裁，
37、确定主题段落所在（科普类、调查报告、新闻等说明文、议论文主题通常在首段） 2.分析结构特点，是归纳（分总 ） 还是演绎（总分） 3.从描述现象和事实中，识别作者的态度倾向 4. 采取排除法，选着含有抽象名词或概括性词语的选项,干扰项特征: 局部信息：1. 将文中事实细节设为选项 2. 将某自然段大意设为选项 3. 将末段延伸内容设为选项 概括范围太宽或太狭隘 内容正确，却未在文章中提到,Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer
38、 interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.,Which of the f
39、ollowing would be the best title for the text? A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries,局部信息,扩大范围,缩小范围,科普类说明文主旨大意通常在首段，开门见山，提出科学研究成果，或该研究项目的社会生活价值。新闻、议论文主旨也多在句首。,Practice makes perfect!,
