1、Unit 3 Back to the past Grammar,Present perfect tense,Go over the news story on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.,The disappearance of Justin (make)Kelly very unhappy.,has made,We use the present perfect tense to ta
2、lk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.,The uses of the present perfect tense,I (not see)Justin since last Friday night .,have not seen,We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.,Comp
3、lete the following sentences with the proper tense.,1 We (study) English for about five years. 2 They (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I (read) your article three times. Its well written. 4 The student (finish) her homework already. 5 Eric (go) back to his hometown today. 6 The p
4、olice (just finish)searching the area.,have studied,have lived,have read,has finished,has gone,have just finished,We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yet
5、,already,yet;for,since,We use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.,He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.) We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isnt here now. I have just
6、heard the news.(Now I know the news.) We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.,We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfe
7、ct tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times,Tom has rung up three times this morning.(Now it is still in the morning.) Tom rang up three times this morning.(Now it is not still in the morning.)Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning /aftern
8、oon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.,Look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.,1 We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago . 2 They mov
9、ed to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then. 3 Eric left home last year and has just come back. 4 Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday. 5 They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.6 My brother went to see my grandpa
10、last week. He has visited him three times this month.,The present perfect tense and the past simple tense,1 you my pen? Yes, I it on your desk just now.(see) 2 you dinner? Yes, I it with Mary.(have) 3 the postman yet this morning?Did the postman come this morning?(come)5 I him for a long time.Hello!
11、 I (not)you were here in Nanjing. How long have you been here?(know),Have seen,saw,Have had,had,Have come,have known,didnt know,The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed
12、point in the past. c.f.We havent seen Justin for a week.(He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week.(It may mean that this week Justin is here.)He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.,Sometimes, however, the action
13、finishes at the time of speaking. It has been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages.(But I see you now.),For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present. 1 Tom has had a bad car crash.(Hes
14、 probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But hes probably out of hospital now.) 2 The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But its probably working again now.),Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in bracket
15、s.,(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasnt visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been,Present perfect continuous tense,The uses of the Present perfect continuous tense,1 I for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.(wait) 2 Im so sorry Im lat
16、e. you long? We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.,have been waiting,Have been waiting,Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.,The form of the
17、Present perfect continuous tense,We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.,Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing,Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense?
18、,Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.,In the first sentence, it means the action read isnt still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing. c.f. Ive cleaned t
19、he house.Ive been cleaning the house. Read Point 1 on page 10.,I Egypt twice this month.(visit) I Egypt for two months. (tour) The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and star
20、ted again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.,have visited,have been touring,how many times/how long,have you swum in the lake?have you been swimming in the lake? We usually use the present perfect tense to ask qu
21、estions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.,How many times,How long,A state verb or an action verb,I have had this camera for five years.(state verb)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)I have been taki
22、ng photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.,A state verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used
23、 in a continuous tense. Theyve always had a big garden. How long have you known each other? Hes been in hospital since his accident.,Ive never visited Paris.Ive already been to Paris. always, never, yet, already and ever cant be used in a continuous tense.,I have not been sleeping well since I retur
24、ned home.Ive been waiting for an hour. We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.,Answers on page 11 A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making,Sample answers B 1 He h
25、as been waiting at an underground station.2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.,How long have you learnt English?
26、 Or How long have you been learning English? It has snowed for a long time. It has been snowing for a long time.,Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense,An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed b
27、y either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.,Homework Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook Prepare Task,； http:/ 快约 ath85cwb多饰象牙，这也是西边特产。综而论之，我想这琴，怕就是他们西戎的琴呢！”明蕙依在明秀臂弯
28、下，好奇道：“锦瑟无端五十弦。四姐姐，这会是瑟的一种吗，传到西域去了？”明秀端详着琴身，摇头：“虽然弦也不少，整个构造原理同瑟迥异。”“那他们还敢跟我说是古琴？”明柯还是很郁闷，“问我实打实要了古董的价钱！我砸他们的店去！”“先别急，”明秀沉稳道，“我已说了，看这木头样子，是有年代的；看特色，又像西边风味。那末会不会这就是他们那边的琴，而且也算得古，于是他就说是古琴？未可直斥为假。”“那我再找人问问。”明柯挠着耳朵，“或者直接退货？毕竟这琴也没人会弹”“若真是古琴，难道我们几个就会弹了不成？”苏含萩啐了他一口，从琴架侧边的格子里取出两只竹制小棍：“这又是什么？不是鼓，却配了棍子。难道这琴不乖，
29、非得打两下么？”明蕙抢在手里玩儿。一边苏含萩又向明柯道恭喜：“小五那几处田庄，必定经营得饶有声色？”苏家是有一部分田庄交在明柯手里，让他试着管理。照二老爷的意思，不当家不知柴米贵，该叫五小子历练历练，省得这么浮躁。经营得好呢，钱都是官中的，经营不好呢，那几处反正是二老爷名下的产业，二老爷替儿子担了。二老爷膝下，统总两个儿子，一个三少爷明树，是嫡子，不但高中，而且放外任去了，过节都没回来。剩下五少爷，是庶子，那也是他唯“二”的儿子。他对云华、明蕙这几个女儿都可以不闻不问，对儿子却不同，那是要着力培养的。他三个姨太太，也便只有生出明柯的二姨娘最得意。明柯听从父亲吩咐，去掌管那几个田庄子，也有一年多
30、了，并未瞒谁，听苏含萩夸起，倒有些扭怩：“姑姑过奖”“瞧你手头多宽裕！”苏含萩叉起腰，与其说赞美明柯、不如说教训他，“古琴咧！古董的价咧！没问清楚就买了咧！大黑天下大雨的胡搬回来了咧！自己没问清楚，受了骗，你还砸人家的店！你这是忙不迭抖衙内威风是怎么着？”她骂一声，明柯缩一下。明秀抬起头来，叹道：“姑姑嘴上最直了。不骂两句，反耽误了五弟。五弟你想想，二叔给田庄时说好，得了利是官中的，虽然奶奶到时多半也是赏回了二叔，二叔多半赏回给你，但毕竟不是从头起算你的。瓜田李下，你就算有梯己，也该谨慎些使，怎么能”“这实在是我年前的梯己，一直省着，这次实在喜欢，搜箱底全拿出来了，跟官中银两无涉的。”明柯赶紧剖白。“我们自然是信你的。”苏含萩点头道，“可老五你实在该小心些。外头传开了，二哥管教向来严厉。再犯一次，你又央咱们替你说项一次不成，想从前”说到这儿，想起来，“这次回来我怎没见着宝音？她病了？严重么？”众人也不知道宝,
