1、英语论文的结构,机电工程学院唐 荣 年,Construction guidelines,TitleAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsReferencesTables and figures,1. Title,Be short, accurate, and unambiguousGive your paper a distinct personalityBegin with the subject of the study,Tips：（1）Careful & Meaningful（2）Dont begin with Studies on.，Investigati
2、on on ,(1) A study of the structural series in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting system,(2) Formation mechanism of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes,(3) Surface structural chemistry of high Tc superconductors by HREM,(4) Direct preparation of nanoporous carbon by nanocasting,(5) Synthesis, structure solution, chara
3、cterization and catalytic properties of TNU-10: a high-silica zeolite with the STI topology,(1) The title is the only part of your paper most people will read - make it clear, concise and informative; (2) Actual findings should be described with claims that can be supported (3) It should be catchy /
4、 memorable (4) The title is a label, not a sentence,(1) Student first, supervisor second (2) An author of a paper should be defined as one who takes intellectual responsibility for the research results being reported (3) Give credit where it is due. It does not cost anything, and it creates friends.
5、 Science is more of a social activity than you might think (4) Authors affiliations and corresponding author,The list of Authors,The abstract is vitally important - - without doubt the most important 200- -300 words in the paper Never forget that the abstract is often the only thing readers will rea
6、d from your paper. Pay attention to it! Make it very concise, clear-cut, easy to read. Avoid technical terms or complicated reasoning,2. Abstract,use short sentenceswork is written in past tense use active voice,This paper This study,Should include: Purposes, Procedures, Methods, Results, Conclusion
7、sShould answer:What I want to do?How I did it?What results did I get ?What conclusions can I draw?What is new and original in this paper?,Tips:,First 1-2 sentences: introduction to the concept Next 1-2 sentences: the system and the specific questionNext x sentences, a brief summary of the resultsFin
8、al 1-2 sentences: conclusion,Notice:,Typed as a single paragraphNo abbreviations /or citationsEliminate or minimize background informationAvoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract Limit the abstract to new informationdont use commentary words (satisfying, m
9、ost),This investigation was performed to see if the aluminum in pop cans (易拉罐)and aluminum cookware enters the liquid they contain. It was hypothesized that aluminum does enter the liquids in aluminum cans and cookware. This experiment was performed by testing seven different types of carbonated bev
10、erages and water boiled in aluminum cookware for three hours. Every hour a sample was removed for testing. The cookware consisted of a new and old aluminum pot. The colorimetric method was used to determine the concentration of aluminum. The results showed that aluminum was present in carbonated bev
11、erages and in the water boiled in the cookware . It was concluded that aluminum existed in carbonated beverages and substances cooked in aluminum cookware, and that the concentration of aluminum increased with time.,Objectives,purpose,hypotheses . . Methods,materials,procedures . Results,data, obser
12、vations,discussion . Conclusions . . .,Journal example:,Conference example:,solved: Objectives of this study, hypothesis:. . Methods, materials, procedures: . Results, data, observations, discussion: . Conclusions: .,Dissertation example:,Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for th
13、e present study .Objectives and scope of this study . .Outline of the main contents and results . . Conclusions:.,What is known What is not known Why we did this study,3. Introduction,No more than 3 pagesA bad beginning makes a bad ending (Correct writing)call attention to the specific subject, defi
14、ne the problem (Not too much)provide background and present the study resultsShould not be (too) technicallist the structure of your research project and what you plan to present in your paper,Tips:,the way to induce the problemThe deficiency of Wangs approach is The problem of these papersHowever,
15、the mechanism has not been fully understood.None of the other phases have been examined in detail.Carefully choose Wordfor the first time, most,proveddont copy other papers introductions,4. Methods,Participants Measurements Outcomes and explanatory variables Statistical methods,Sufficient detail so
16、that work can be repeatedDescribe new methods in detail - the degree of replication and sensitivity Cite the accepted method briefly using reference If a published method is modified, such modifications must be described in detail Statistical analysis of data if appropriate ask a colleague if he/she
17、 can follow the methodology Since your procedures have been completed report them using past tense,Sample characteristics Univariate analyses Bivariate analyses Multivariate analyses,5. Results,Generally does NOT include explanations or discussion of the resultsTable and figure legends should be acc
18、ompanied with sufficient information for main pointTable and figure should be able to stand aloneAll tables and figures must be numbered in the order in which they are mentioned in the textNumerical data with the correct number of significant digits,6. References,All citations must be accurateInclud
19、e only the most important, most rigorous, and most recent literatureQuote only published journal articles or books (conference)Never quote “second hand“,Dont put all citations at the end of sentencesDont quote yourself work too muchDont copy (direct or indirect, table and figure)Comply with “Instruc
20、tions to authors”Cite only 20-35 references (Journal, Conference paper, dissertation),7. Table and Figure,A good figure is worth a thousand words.No more than six tables or figuresUse Table 1 for sample characteristics Put most important findings in a figure,Acknowledgments Technical assistance Advice on research or manuscript Gifts of materials Assistance in preparing manuscript Financial assistance,
