1、电子与通信工程 专业英语,Technical English for Electronic and Communication Engineering 徐世中 Shizhong Xu ,学习本课程的目的掌握专业英文的阅读、翻译、写作的基本方法；学习、积累英文专业词汇；了解专业领域的一些技术、知识。,本课程的主要内容 (暂定)专业英语基础知识精选专业文献的阅读、讲解及翻译练习专业文献(摘要)的写作练习英语口语学术交流方法与技巧,学习本课程的主要方式 课堂讲解重点难点 课后练习 课堂练习、小测,建议 兴趣导向 信心为上 准备笔记本 准备英汉专业词典 Google,要求 完成作业 遵守课堂纪律,Le
2、sson 0 科技英语基础知识 The Basic Knowledge of Scientific and Technical English,Lesson 0 科技英语基础知识 The Basic Knowledge,0.1 科技英语的特点 features 0.2 专业英文翻译概述 Translation 0.3 专业英文翻译的几种基本方法 Translation Methods 0.4 关于数量 Numbers and Quantities 0.5 关于数学符号和数学式 Mathematic symbolsand Expressions 0.6 关于图、表 Figures and Tab
3、les 0.7 专业英文的写作 Writing,科技英语与普通英语相比有自己的特点:,常包含一些数据、公式、符号、图表、程序等,语言简练、结构严谨、表达明确、概念清晰,语法上特点：常用一般现在时时态；复杂长句多；被动语态多；（“被”、“经过”、“受了”、“由于”）非谓语动词多；（动名词、分词、不定式）非人称语气，常用It作主语；条件句多，常用If 语句。,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,词汇的特点：大量使用专业词汇、转意词汇；较多使用词性转换adjn,nv,等等；较多使用词缀、词根，甚至用词缀词根创造新词；大量使用专业缩写词；新专业词汇、缩写词不断出现。,科技英语与普通英语相比有自己
4、的特点:,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,code n.码 v. 编码 variable adj.可变的，易变的 n.变量 multiple adj.多样的 n.倍数 the least common ,合成词： multimeter 万用表，interface 接口、界面 code-decode codec 编解码 coder-decoder codec 编解码器 modulator-demolatormodem 调制解调器 Interactive-network internet 互联网、因特网 transmitter-receiver transceiver 收发器,GSM ,
5、 GPRS , CDMA , GPS , CPU , USB , LCD,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.1 长句 Long sentences,有两种方法简化长句，以正确把握长句句意,依据关键词简化词组。,e.g. The ratio of the capacitance with some material other than air between the plates, to the capacitance of the same capacitor with air insulation, is called the dielectric constant of
6、that particular material.,ratio is called constant,依据谓语动词把复合句分解成一组简单句。,the ratio of A to B ：A与B的比率 Insulation 绝缘，insulated ，insulating dielectric constant 介电常数,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.1 长句 Long sentences,e.g. This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan anoth
7、er line directly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence,electron beam 电子束 at a uniform rate 以均匀的速率 scan 扫描 horizontal lines 水平行线 in the desired sequence 按希望的顺序,e.g. For direct curren
8、t and low-frequency alternating current (up to a few thousand cycles per second) the resistance is reversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the path the current must travel; that is , given two conductors of the same material and having same length , but differing in crossing-sectional
9、area , the one with larger area will have the lower resistance.,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.1 长句 Long sentences,resistance is reversely proportional to area, that is, one will have the lower resistance.,A与B成(正/反)比例(directly) A be (reversely) proportional to B (inversely ) (direct) A be in (reverse) pro
10、portion/ratio to B (inverse) (reciprocal) They are in a ratio of 3 to 7. 它们之间比率为3比7。,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.1 长句 Long sentences,e.g. These inexpensive and relatively fast digital circuits have made it possible to construct highly sophisticated digital systems that are capable of performing complex
11、 digital signal processing functions and tasks, which are usually too difficult and/or too expensive to be performed by analog circuitry or analog signal processing systems.,主干：digital circuits have made it possible to construct digital systems that引导的定语从句修饰digital systems which引导的定语从句修饰functions an
12、d tasks,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,普通词汇 Common vocabularies,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,专业词汇 Speciality vocabularies,大部分是名词、名词词组，少量形容词，词意单一，用法简单。,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,专业词汇 Speciality vocabularies,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,electronic 电子的 mail（Email） electric 电的 voltage， current， resistance electric
13、al 电气的 engineer ， property,electro- 电- electromagnetic wave，electrodynamic,electrode 电极 anode 阳极、正极 cathode 阴极、负极,positive 阳性的、正的、正数 negative阴性的、负的、负数,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,diode 二极管 triode 三极(真空)管,oscillator 振荡器 oscilloscope 示波器 oscillo- 波动,radio 无线电、收音机 radar 雷达 laser
14、 激光,Ohms law 欧姆定律,amplifier 放大器,transistor 晶体管、三极管 field-effect transistor 场效应晶体管（FET）,专业词汇 Speciality vocabularies,转意词汇 Transfered words,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,从普通词汇借用、移植过来，赋予了专业含义。出现在专业文献中，一般就是使用其专业含义。,resistance 阻力, 抵抗, 敌对,电阻(值),current 水流, 气流, 趋势, 当前的,电流,charge 装载, 起
15、诉, 负责, 载荷,电荷, 充电,circuit 周围, 巡回, 绕行,电路,转意词汇 Transfered words,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,bus 公共汽车,总线,network 网、网状组织,网络,rectifier 修正者,整流器,monitor 班长,显示器、监视器,power 力量、动力,电源、功率、动力、电力、幂,field 田野, 场地, 领域,（电、磁）场,regulator 调整者,稳压器,转意词汇 Transfered words,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇
16、Vocabularies or words,resistance ：电阻，电阻值 resistor ：电阻（器） capacitance：电容，电容值 capacitor：电容（器） inductance：电感，电感值 inductor：电感（器）,parallel serial ：并行串行 parallel series： 并联串联,analog digital ：模拟的数字的 continuous discrete： 连续的离散的,转意词汇 Transfered words,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,有些单词的通
17、用含义很接近，但它们的专业含义却完全不同，如： differential ：微分 difference ：差分 probability ：概率 possibility ：可能性,转意词汇还有：failure，relay，antenna，coherent，filter，spectrum，modulator，flip-flop，potential , carrier , line , loop 等等,专业缩写词 Speciality Abbreviations,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,FET - field-effec
18、t transistor 场效应管 IC - integrated circuit 集成电路 USB - Universal Serial Bas 通用串行总线 AM - amplitude modulation 幅度调制、调幅 FM - frequency modulation 频率调制、调频,通信、电信技术发展飞速，新缩写词不断出现。,DC. dc. - direct current 直流 AC. ac. - Alternating current 交流,专业缩写词 Speciality Abbreviations有些是组织机构的缩写，如：,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1
19、.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,ITU -,International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟,IEEE -,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 电气与电子工程师协会,ISO - International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织,还有IEC , ANSI，AT&T, APT 等等,专业缩写词 Speciality Abbreviations,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabul
20、aries or words,LAN -,local area network 局域网,WWW -,world wide web 全球网、万维网,MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网 WAN Wide Area Network 广域网,HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议,GPRS - General Packet Radio Service 通用无线分组业务,ASCII -,American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国信息交换标准码,ISDN -,inte
21、grated services digital network 综合业务数字网,专业缩写词 Speciality Abbreviations,0.1 科技英语的特点 features,0.1.2 词汇 Vocabularies or words,还有：CPU, RAM,ROM, DOS,RTOS, FTP, TCP/IP ,LCD, LED, ADC ,DAC, DSP, ADSL, PAL, NTSC, radar , laser 。等等,FFT -,Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换,IFFT -,Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 逆快
22、速傅立叶变换,ATM - Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步转移（传递）模式,CRT -,Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管（显示器） Chinese Remainder Theorem 中国剩余定理,存在不同全称含义对应同一个缩写形式的情况。,0.2 专业英文翻译概述 Translation,0.2.1 翻译的准则 The Criteria of Translation,信 True 达 Smooth 雅 Refined,e.g. Because computers are binary machi
23、nes , the program stored in a computers main memory must be in binary form. Few programmers actually write machine-level instructions , however.,因为计算机是二进制的机器，存储在计算机主存储器里的程序必须是二进制形式。然而，实际上极少程序员使用机器级的指令。,binary 二进制 octal 八进制 decimal 十进制 hexadecimal 十六进制,machine language 机器语言 assembler / assembly langu
24、age 汇编语言 high-level language 高级语言,0.2 专业英文翻译概述 Translation,0.2.1 翻译的准则 The Criteria of Translation,e.g. In the AND circuit, “1” signals on all inputs give a “1” output ; output is “0” , if all inputs are not “1” .,在“与”电路中, 若所有输入端为“1”信号, 则输出“1” ; 若所有输入端不是“1”, 则输出“0” 。,在“与”电路中, 若所有输入端为“1”信号, 则输出“1” ;
25、若输入端不全为“1”, 则输出“0” 。,错,All of xxx not 头晕？ None of them none of them is/are?,0.2.1 翻译的准则 The Criteria of Translation,e.g. As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.,因为橡胶阻止电通过，所以用作绝缘材料。,e.g. Waterloo Bridge,魂断蓝桥,因为橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。,信,达,雅,0.2 专业英文翻译概述 Translation,Step 1 先大致浏览一遍全文，了解专业背景，理解大意。 Step 2 查词典掌握生词含意。 Step 3 用中文将原作表达出来，力求忠实原作，通顺流畅，可对原作作适当增删或延伸。 Step 4 检查校对。,0.2.2 翻译的基本步骤The steps of Translation,0.2 专业英文翻译概述 Translation,
