1、1/52018-2019 学年度人教版选修六 Unit 1ArtSection Grammar虚拟语气()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句 后自主感悟1.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.2.Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for whi
2、ch this period is famous.3.There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist.1.例句 1 中的 if 引导的虚拟条件句中谓语动词 had not been discovered 为过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反，主句的谓语动词 would have been 为would have 过去分词。2.例句 2 和例句 3 中的介词 without 构成的介词短语表示假设的条件，为含蓄虚拟语气，
3、两者都是表示与现在事实相反，主句的谓语动词要用would/should/might/could动词原形。语 法 精 要 点 拨一、动词的语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的动词在句中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。1陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两面性。2祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。Please lend me your dictionary.请把你的字典借给我用一下。2/53虚拟语气用来表
4、示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。二、虚拟条件句的谓语形式假设情况 if 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had过去分词 )would/should/might/could have 过去分词与现在事实相反 过去式(be 的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could动词原形与将来事实相反过去式should动词原形were to动词原形would/sho
5、uld/might/could动词原形If he had time now，he would/could/might go with you.(与现在事实相反)要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。If I were you，I would take an umbrella.(与现在事实相反)如果我是你，我会带把伞。If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would/could/might have met the famous singer.(与过去事实相反 )如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那位著名歌手了。If it were to snow this
6、 evening，they would not go out.(与将来事实相反)如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。If he came/should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.(与将来事实相反)如果他明天来这儿的话，我就会跟他谈谈。即时演练 1用所给动词的正确形式填空If my father were(be) here now，he would tell me what to do.3/5If there were (be) a heavy snow next Sunday，we would not go skating.If he had
7、known(know) your address yesterday，he would have visited(visit) you.三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句1省略 if 形式的虚拟语气在 if 虚拟条件句中，若省略 if，则将 should，were，had 前置，构成主谓倒装句式。Should he agree to go there(If he should agree to go there)，we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she my daughter(If she were my daughter)，I wouldnt
8、 allow her to study abroad.如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。Had I worked harder(If I had worked harder) ，I would have succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。2混合虚拟语气若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。If she had followed the doctors words，she would feel better now.如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。If he were f
9、ree today，we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们就会已经派他去北京了。 3含蓄虚拟语气有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如 without.，but for.等；某些副词或连词中，如 otherwise，however，or，but等。Without music(If there were no music)，the world would be dull.世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。But for your help(If there had not been your help)，I would no
10、t have succeeded in the experiment.4/5如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。Im really very busy，otherwise(if I were not so busy) I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一起去了。She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homework.她本来要到这里来，但是她当时忙于做作业。 即时演练 2用所给动词的正确形式填空Were(be) it to rain tomorrow，we
11、 would have to stay at home.If I had worked (work) hard at school，I would be an engineer now.We didnt know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned(telephone) him.语 法 应 用 落 实.单句语法填空1If you were(be) here，you would see the famous star.2Were(be) it to rain，the crops would be saved.3But f
12、or the rain，we would have finished(finish) the work already.4If it had rained last night，the ground would be(be) wet now. 【导学号：98892006】5If you had taken(take) your teachers advice，you would not have failed the exam last week.6Without the help of my English teacher，I would have missed(miss) the firs
13、t prize in the English Writing Competition.7I didnt know you would come，otherwise I would have met(meet) you at the airport.8If you had told(tell) me the news yesterday，I wouldnt be so worried now.9Sorry，I am too busy now.If I had(have) time， I would certainly go for an outing with you.10Had I worke
14、d harder at school ，I would have got a better job.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)5/51Mary looks hot and tired.So will you if you had a high fever.willwould2If he was free，he would help us.waswere3Has he learned about computers，we would have hired him to work here.HasHad4But for electricity，there will be no modern
15、 industry.willwould5Were it rain tomorrow，we would have to call off the picnic.rain 前加 to 或 WereShould6If I had had any money with me now，I could lend you some.去掉一个 had7We would be grateful when you could join us that day.whenif8If you are me，would you talk to them? arewere9It is lucky we booked a room，or we would have had nowhere to stay now.去掉 had10If it has not been for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.hashad
