1、Unit 2 English around the world grammar 课时作业第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAs a boy, Charles Robert Darwin(达尔文）collected anything that caught his interest: insects, coins and interesting stones. He was not very clever, but Darwin was good at doing the
2、things that interested him.His father was a doctor, so Darwin was sent to Edinburgh to study medicine, and was planned to follow a medical career. But Charles found the lectures boring. Then his father sent him to Cambridge University to study to be a priest. While at Cambridge, Darwins interest in
3、zoology and geography grew. Later he got a letter from Robert FitzRoy who was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship, the Beagle. He wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and Darwin was recommended（推荐 ) That voyage was the start of Darwins great life.As the Beagle sailed around the wor
4、ld, Darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. He began to observe everything. After he was home, he set to work, getting his collection in order. His first great work The Zoology of the Beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origin of life.Later Darwi
5、n and Wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as Darwin, produced a paper together. Darwins great book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection“（物种起源 ）appeared It attracted a storm. People thought that Darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys. What a shameful i
6、dea! Although most scientists agreed that Darwin was right, the Church was still so strong that Darwin never received any honors for his work.Afterwards, he published another great work, The Descent of Man. His health grew worse, but he still worked. “When I have to give up observation, I shall die,
7、“ he said. He was still working on 17, April, 1882. He was dead two days later.1. Darwins father sent him to Edinburgh to .A. make him like natural history B. make him become a doctorC. let him change his hobbies D. have him give up his collection2. According to the passage； Charles Darwins whole li
8、fe was changed by .A. his study at Cambridge University B. his collection of coinsC. the naturalists at Cambridge D. the voyage of the Beagle3. The underlined part “they were descended from monkeys“ probably means “ ” .A. they gave monkeys life B. they were different from monkeysC. they were develop
9、ed from monkeys D. they had to live with monkeys【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C【解析】试题分析：这篇文章介绍达尔文的事迹，成就，题目设置包括了主旨题，推理题，细节题都有，考生做题时，既要注意细节，也要通过文章的句子看到作者真正想表达的意思。1. B 细节理解题。从第二段的句子：so Darwin was sent to Edinburgh to study medicine, and was planned to follow a medical career.可知父亲是想要达尔文做医生。选 B。2. D 推理判断题。从第二段最后一段的 T
10、hat voyage was the start of Darwins great life.可知这次旅行影响他的一生。选 D。3. C 推理判断题。descend from 意为由传流下来，这里可理解为人类是由猴子演进发展而来的。选 C。考点：考查人物传记类阅读【名师点睛】人物传记类阅读技巧：1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省
11、时、准确无误。2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：(1)对号入座题：这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。(2)词义转换题：这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。(3)是非题：该题型俗称“三缺一” 题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following is TRUE?或者三个不符合文章
12、内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the followingisNOTtrue?或 All the following are true EXCEPT(4)排序题：这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法” ，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。(5)指代理解题：一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读
13、时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：(1)细节推断题：要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系
14、、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。(2)因果推断题：要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里
15、，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。BLaptop computers are popular all over the world. People us
16、e them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they
17、 want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $ 10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “pea
18、k” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the treesanywhere at all!Because of th
19、e many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries
20、 and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in
21、 their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and were giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”4. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to .A. use for their schoolwork B. access the Int
22、ernetC. work at home D. connect them to libraries5. Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computers. B. 1500 students have laptops.C. It is an old college in America. D. Students there can do everything.6. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that stu
23、dents can .A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops7. What can we infer from the passage?A. The program is successful.B. The program is not workable.C. The program is too expensive.D. We dont know the result of
24、 the program yet.【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D【解析】本文讲述的是随着技术的变化，便携式电脑将在大学使用。4. A。细节题。根据第 2 段第一句 Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want 可知答案为 A。5. C。细节题。根据第 2 段 . Westlake, a 110-year-old college 可知答案为 C。6. C。推断题。根据最后一段 The
25、y can see everything.可知答案为 C。7. D。推断题。因为整篇文章讲述的是将来的事情，所以我们不知道结果。故答案应为D。CAmmie Reddick from East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, was only 18 months old when she had the accident that had scarred(留下创伤）her for life. The curious child reached up to grab the wire of a hot kettle in the family kitchen and poured b
26、oiling water over her tiny infant frame.Her mother Ruby turned round and, seeing Ammie horribly burnt, called an ambulance which rushed her daughter to a nearby hospital. Twenty percent of Ammies body had been burned and all of her burns were third-degree. There, using tissue（组织）taken from unburned
27、areas of Ammies body, doctors performed complex skin transplants(移植）to close her wounds and control her injuries, an operation that took about six hours. Over the next 16 years, Ammie underwent 12 more operations to repair her body.When she started school at Maxwelton Primary at age 4, other pupils
28、made cruel comments or simply wouldnt play with her. “I was the only burned child in the street, the class and the school,” she recalled, “some children refused to become friends because of that.”Today, aged 17, Ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars; pain is a permanent part
29、of her body. She still has to have two further skin transplants. Yet she is a confident, outgoing teenager who offers inspiration and hope to other young burns victims.She is a member of the Scottish Burned Childrens Club, a charity set up last year. This month, Ammie will be joining the younger chi
30、ldren at the Graffham Water Center in Cambridge shire for the charitys first summer camp. “ I will show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others,” she says. Ammie loves wearing fashionable sleeveless tops, and she plans to show the youngsters at the summer camp that they can too.“ I do not g
31、o to great lengths to hide my burns scars,” she says, “ I gave up wondering how other people would react years ago.”8. What did other children do when Ammie first went to school?A. They were friendly to her. B. They showed sympathy to her.C. They were afraid of her. D. They looked down upon her.9. A
32、mmie will teach the younger children at the Graffham Water Center to .A. face others unkindness bravely B. hide their scars by proper dressingC. live a normal life D. recover quickly10. What does the underlined word “permanent” in the 4th paragraph mean?A. necessary B. life-long C. difficult D. impo
33、rtant11. What can be the best title of the passage?A. A Seriously Burned Girl SurvivesB. Ways to Get Rid of Unkind StaresC. Permanent Scars And Pain For a GirlD. A seriously burned angel of Hope【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D【解析】试题分析: 本文讲述 Ammie Reddick 十八个月的时候遭遇一场意外，被热水壶烫伤，做过十几次皮肤移植手术 ，身上留下了很多的伤疤，从小遭受了很多
34、的白眼。但她非常自信、开朗，经常鼓励其他烫伤的小患者，让他们充满希望。8. D 考查细节理解题。根据第三段 “other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldnt play with her”可知其他同学不是对她冷嘲热讽，就是不愿意跟她一起玩 ，故选 D 项。9. A 考查细节理解题。根据第最后一段 “Ill show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others,” 得知 Ammie 教他们如何对他人不友好的注视嗤之以鼻，故选 A 项。10. B 考查细节理解题。文章中提到，Ammie 在过去
35、的 17 年里接受了 121 次手术，接下来她还要做两次皮肤移植手术，所以她的痛苦是“永久的、是终生的”，故选 B 项。11. D 考查主旨大意题。纵观全文，可以看出本文主要讲述了一个被烧伤的女孩的身残志坚的励志故事，故选 D 项。考点：教育励志类阅读DThe death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chines
36、e, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost
37、a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the
38、 civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Langua
39、ge diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” langu
40、ages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists in the modern world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural
41、 capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language“. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of
42、the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a peoples culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of th
43、ose who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.12. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests of EuropeB. The boom of human populationC. Advances in science and industrializationD. The rise of nation-states1
44、3. The underlined word “stifles” in the last paragraph probably means “ “.A. boosts B. fuelsC. imposes D. kills14. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that .A. People would fail to understand how languages originatedB. Language diversity would become an obstacle to globa
45、lizationC. Monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalismD. Human brains would become less creative linguistically15. What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To
46、call peoples attention to the urgency of language preservation.D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C【解析】12. B 细节理解题。根据文中 Europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity；The rise of nation-states has also been decisive
47、 in selecting 以及 This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress 可知A，C，D 均为语言消亡的原因。故选 B。13. D 词意猜测题。此句意为：如果将一门语言强加给别人，却没有那个民族的文化和生活联系，那么这只是在扼杀语言这一集体智慧的表达。由文意也可推测出 stifles 应为贬义词，是扼杀，毁灭的意思，故选 D。14. B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可得出 A，D 是正确的，由最后一段一二两句可得出 C是正确的。
48、故选 B。15. C 主旨归纳题。阅读全文可知作者写这篇文章是为了让人么意识到语言消亡的严重性并呼吁人们重视语言的保护。故选 C。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways _16_. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to whe
49、n you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. _17_ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process._18_The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.Carefully read the text and watch for words that can
