1、Unit one Automobile Structure,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Types of Modern Automobiles 1）cars 2）passenger cars 3）trucks 4）tractors and vehicle combination 5）special type vehicle 6）Self-dumping car 7）farm vehicle 8) off-road vehicle,Pre-questions,Special vehicle,car,Trac
2、tor,Truck,Passenger Cars,2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type,Pre-questions,Do you know who built the first car in the world and when?Karl Benz In 1886,Pre-questions,How many main parts does the automobile consist of?,1-engine,2-chassis,3-body,4-electrical system,Pre-questions,Which
3、 is called the “ heart” of automobile?An engine that is used to supply power for an automobileWhat is the chassis composed of? driving system, running gear, steering system and brake system.,Pre-questions,Driving system,Brakesystem,Steering system,running gear,Pre-questions,Pre-questions,What are th
4、e functions of the four systems? Driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels. Suspension systems function is to increase strength and durability of components and to meet customers requirements for riding comfort and driving safety. Steering system is used to control the
5、driving direction of an automobile. Brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle.,Pre-questions,In other words, any automobile is composed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system.In other words 换句话说 be composed of 由.组成译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。,II. Text
6、 Explanation,In other words In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。 be composed of Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. 海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。,II. Text Explanation,Th
7、e internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The internal combustion engine 内燃机 Convert into使转变, 转换. Propel vt.推进, 驱使 译文：内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者“爆炸”所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。,II. T
8、ext Explanation,Convert into They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。 convert water into ice. 将水变成冰 converting feet into meters. 将英尺换算成公尺,II. Text Explanation,Brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction.
9、 Hydraulic haidrlik adj. 液压的, 水力的 Retard ritd vt. 延迟, 使减速,阻碍 Friction frikn n.摩擦, 摩擦力 译文：制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备，它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。,II. Text Explanation,by means of 用方式（方法），依靠They succeeded by means of perseverance. 他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。 He always goes to school by means of bike 他总是骑自行车上学,II. Text Explanation,II. T
10、ext Explanation,In 1956, the No. 1 Auto Plant was established in Changchun, and turned out the first batch of liberation automobiles for our country. establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定 turned out vt. 生产, 起床, 翻出, 制造, 关掉 译文：在1956年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。,turn out A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.
11、 大群的观众到场观看比赛。If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese. chassis driving system internal combustion engine steering system braking system clutch gearbox universal joint propeller sha
12、ft generator,底盘 传动系统 内燃机 转向系统 制动系统 离合器 变速箱 万向节 驱动轴 发电机,Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture.,III. Exercises,1-engine; 2-clutch; 3-gearbox; 4-propeller shaft; 5-differential; 6-rear axle,The motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored
13、in its fuel into mechanical energy. It is classified as an internal combustion engine by virtue of this energy conversion taking place within the engine cylinders . Since the term ”energy” implies the capacity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within
14、limits, overcome unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. To facilitate this process the engine is combined with a transmission system.,III. Exercises,I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine po
15、wer to the driving wheels. 实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。 The electric system supplies lighting and driving power for the automobile. 电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。 The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。,III. Exercises,汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、
16、底盘、车身和电气设备。 An automobile is generally composed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system. 传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动轮组成。 The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle ,differential and the driving road wheels.。,III. Exercises,II. Translate
17、the following sentences into English.,气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排出废气The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them.,III. Exercises,Thank You !,Unit 2-1 Main Components of Engine,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises
18、,Pre-questions,The heart of automobile,What impression of the engine?,complicated,power,Pre-questions,What are there types of the engine?electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines Whats the internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding fo
19、rce of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.,Pre-questions,Single-cylinder engine,cylinder,piston,Piston pin,Connecting rod,crankshaft,Oil pipe,Intake valve,Exhaust valve,Timing gear,Oil pump,what is the power source of automobile and how to produce?,piston,piston pin,connecti
20、ng rod,crankshaft,Engine Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion.,Pre-questions,The engine comprises two mechanism and five systems, what are they ?crank
21、shaft and connecting rod mechanism, valve gear, cooling system, lubricating system, fuel system, starting system, ignition system,Pre-questions,connecting rod,flywheel,crankshaft,piston,intake valve,exhaust valve,push rod,tappet,timing gears, Valve gear Connecting rod,Engine cooling system,Engine lu
22、bricating system,Fuel supply system,Valve gear,Whats the function of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism?Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.,Pre-questions,The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylind
23、ers and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 译文：内燃机，顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。,II. Text Explanation,Of all automobile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an aut
24、omobile. complicated kmplikeitid adj.复杂的, 难解的 dominance dmnns n.优势, 统治 译文：汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。,II. Text Explanation,Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.Convertinto 转变；变换译文：它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车 。,II. Text Explanation,Convertinto. 转变
25、；变换 That building has been converted into a school. 那座楼房改成学校了。 兑换 I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元换成美元。 改变信仰、党派或意见等 She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。,II. Text Explanation,Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder
26、. linear lini adj. 线的, 直线的, 线 性的piston pistn n.活塞,II. Text Explanation,The piston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin. attach to v. 连接 connecting rod 连杆 piston pin = wrist pin 活塞销,II. Text Explanation,The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion
27、of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. transmitto 把传到 which changes it into rotary motion 定语从句,II. Text Explanation,diesel engines water pump the ignition distributor oil pan timing gear crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism valve gear fuel system exhaust pipe exhaus
28、t manifold,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,柴油发动机 水泵 分电器 油底壳 正时齿轮 曲柄连杆机构 配气机构 燃油系统 排气管 排气歧管,1-cylinder head cover 2-piston 3-timing toothed belt 4-water pump 5-oil pan 6-oil pump 7-crankshaft 8-flywheel 9-distributor 10-valve,III. Exercises,The crankshaft represents t
29、he final link in the conversion of reciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel. In the cast of the multi-cylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their own impulses. A one-piece construction is most commonly used fo
30、r the motor-vehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity .,III. Exercises,The timing-drive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, suc
31、h as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical system. attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel .,III. Exercises,I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a
32、cylinder. 发动机是汽车的动力源.它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的. 2The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. 燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。,III. Exercises,3The valve gear provides timel
33、y admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them.配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并且将废气排放出去。,III. Exercises,1发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。 An engine is mainly composed of two mechanisms and five systems. 2曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。 The crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism mainly con
34、sists of the engine crankcase and cylinder block, the piston and connecting rod, the crankshaft and flywheel.,III. Exercises,II. Translate the following sentences into English.,3水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动。When revolving, the water pump circulates coolant between the engine water jackets and the r
35、adiator.,III. Exercises,III. Exercises,Principle of Four-stroke Engine,1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke,Intake valve,Exhaust valve,Thank You !,Unit 2-2 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head,Contents,Pre-questions,II. Text Explanation,III. Exercises,Engine Body,crankcase,c
36、ylinder block,cylinder head,cylinder,oil passage and water passage,oil pan,The cylinder gasket,What is the engine block comprised of? the cylinder section and the crankcase section,Pre-questions,the cylinder,crankcase,Pre-questions,How many types has the engine arrangement, what are they?,In-line,V-
37、type,Horizontally opposed type,Whats the function and the material of the cylinder head? Function： Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder Material: grey iron or alloy iron aluminum,Pre-questions,cylinder gasket,cylinder head,cylinder cover,pad,to f
38、it spark plug,Pre-questions,What types of the combustion chambers are there?,Pre-questions,wedge-shaped basin-shaped hemispherical,The engine block is the main supporting structure to which all other parts are attached directly or indirectly. attached t tt vt 附上.的 directly adv. 直接地 Indirectly adv. 间
39、接地 译文：气缸体是主要的支承部件，它可以将其它部件直接或间接的装配在上面。,II. Text Explanation,反义词,The surfaces are machined to allow the pistons to move with minimum wear and friction. allow vt 允许，承认 allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth. Friction frikn n. 摩擦, 摩擦力 译文：加工出的表面允许活塞在最小磨损和摩擦力下运动。,II. Text Explanation,Allow 使成为可能，允许 近义词：per
40、mitThe windfall allowed me to buy a house. 这意外之财使我得以购置一幢房子。 Allow me to introduce myself. 请允许我自我介绍一下。,II. Text Explanation,With the increased concern for providing higher output and lower fuel consumption, car manufactures are trying to make the vehicle lighter. Concern vt.涉及, 关系到 n.关心, 关注 concern f
41、or 对.的关心/忧虑 concern with 和.有关（一般用.+be concerned with.）consumption n. 消费, 消费量 译文：随着对汽车产量和低燃耗的关注度越来越高，汽车生产厂家尽量把汽车做的轻一些。,II. Text Explanation,Concern vt. 1. (不用被动语态)关于 2. 涉及,关系到;影响到 The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 这封信主要是关于出口商品的。 The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。 3. 使担心
42、;使不安 (+about/for) The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。 He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。 4. 使关心(+about/with) He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。,II. Text Explanation,It should be paid attention to the direction when fixing.to是介词,所以后面接名词以及动名词. pay attention to
43、sth. / doing sth. Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 请注意照顾好你的小孩. 译文：应该注意装配时的方向。,II. Text Explanation,Cylinder gasket,Function ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water . Pay attention to the direction
44、when fixing,II. Text Explanation,In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block.In order to 为了 We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。,II. Text Explanation,warp w:p n. 弯曲, 歪曲 vt
45、. 弄歪, 使翘曲 vi.变弯, 变歪added to incresed（本身）增加 added to(别人，别的东西)增加 译文：为了使铝制材料强度更高，尽可能的减少弯曲变形，可加入一定的金属材料或者在缸体内镶钢缸套。,区别,II. Text Explanation,cylinder block cylinder head oil pan cylinder gasket cylinder liner wedge-shaped combustion chamber basin-shaped combustion chamber in-line engines spark plugs injec
46、tion,III. Exercises,Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,气缸体 气缸盖 油底壳 气缸垫 缸套 楔形燃烧室 盆形燃烧室 直列发动机 火花塞 喷油器,III. Exercises,1- cylinder head cover; 2-cylinder head; 3- cylinder gasket; 4-cylinder block; 5- oil pan,It has long since been established practice to combine the cylinder block and cr
47、ankcase into a single unit, this generally being termed “monobloc” construction. The historical origins of this form of construction date back to the early 1920s, when there was a general trend towards simplification of the engine structure.,III. Exercises,Until then the cylinder block and crankcase
48、 were produced as separate units, in cast iron and aluminum alloy respectively, and then bolted together . In relation to modern engine design, the monobloc construction provides a very necessary rigid foundation for the engine and reduces manufacturing costs.,III. Exercises,I. Translate the followi
49、ng sentences into Chinese. 1In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block. 为了使铝制缸体刚度更强和尽可能的减少磨损，可将一些材料加入其中或者在缸体中安装缸套。 2The cylinder gaskets function is to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water. 气缸垫的作用就是密封缸盖与缸体之间的区域，避免漏气、漏油和漏水。,III. Exercises,3The cylinders of multi-cylinder automotive engines are arranged in one of three ways.多缸发动机的气缸排列方式是这三种形式之一。,
