新编英语语法教程The-Infinitive.ppt

1、The Infinitive,I. Forms of the Infinitive A. general form: - to do (To-Infinitive) - do (Bare-Infinitive) eg. Ann was awful to leave her child on the train. To see is to believe.We must keep this in mind.What you said made me think.,B. progressive form: to be doing; eg. I happened to be standing nex

2、t to him when he collapsed. C. perfective form: to have done; eg. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. D. perfective progressive form: to have been doing; eg. He appears to have been waiting a long time.,II. Functions of the Infinitive A. to form the Predicate B. to be the Subject C. to be

3、the Object D. to be Objective Complement E. to be the Attribute/Appositive F. to be the Adverbial G. to be the Predicative,A. To form the Predicate You must try to rescue him at any cost. Shes certain to do well in the examination. She happened to meet him on her way home. He seemed to have been tol

4、d the news. She was made to tell him everything. You are expected to speak at the meeting.,B. To be the Subject B/1. To know the main facts is not sufficient.To be here is a great pleasure.B/2. It was a joy to read Barbaras books.Its not within my power to change his view.Its rather difficult for th

5、e people over there to see the screen.,C. To be the Object C/1. I have arranged to meet him at ten oclock.He pretended not to see me.S + V. + O. (O = to do) C/2. I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to tell her.S + V. + O. + C. (O = to do) = S + v. + it + C. + to do,C/3. I d

6、ont know what to do.Ill inquire how to get there.S. + V. + O.(O = an interrogative word + to do) C/4. Please inform me where to get the tickets.Ask your teacher how to pronounce the word.S. + V. + O.1+ O2(O2 = an interrogative word + to do),C/5. To be the Prep. Object a. The problem of how to get th

7、e grand piano through the doorway baffled the workmen. He wrote a book on how to protect animals. b.He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.What could I do then except watch them carry you away?There is no alternative for the Arab states but to vote in favor.They could do nothing but wait for

8、the doctors to arrive.,D. to be Objective Complement D/1. I heard her sing.I felt something crawl up my arm.Did you notice anyone come in?see / hear / feel /watch + O. + do* She was heard to sing. The car was seen to stop.,D/2. have, let, make; eg. What would you have me do?Let me have your homework

9、 now.You made me laugh.have/let/make + O. + do* I was made to laugh.We were let to pay $150 to get our license.,D/3. We cant allow the rain to spoil our day.You surely dont expect me to do all that!I cant get her to talk.The notice warned us not to go into the fields.advise, cause, allow, ask, beg,

10、drive, encourage, expect, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn+ O. + to do *Ive been invited to speak at a lunch party.,D/4.We consider him ( to be ) a good officer.We found him ( to be ) honest.We had proved Keith ( to be ) wrong.We know/believe

11、/judge him to be reliable.I should imagine/suppose him to be above fifty.consider/declare/find/prove+ O. + (to be)know/believe/discover/feel/imagine/judge/ suppose+ O. + to be,D/5. Id love them to come tonight.I hate you to do that.Id prefer you to leave him alone.I dont want there to be any trouble

12、.love, hate, like, prefer, want + O. + to doEx. 20E (self-study),E. to be Attribute/Appositive E/1. To modify sth. or sb.a. The next man to come was Grey.He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor.b. Would you like something to drink?He has a large family to support.The lake is a good place

13、 to swim in.,E/2. I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you.They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make an attempt to cross the river tonight.V. + to do n. + to do,E/3. He was obviously anxious to go.His anxiety to go was obvious.He was willing to please.He

14、 showed a willingness to please.adj. + to do n. + to doEx. 20 C, D,F. to be the Adverbial F/1. To be Adverbial of an Adj. phrase F/2. To be Adverbial of a V. phrase F/3. To be sentence Adverbial,F/1. To be Adverbial of an Adj. phrase A. sentence sub. = logical sub. of the Inf. Henry was happy to hea

15、r it. Tom was worried to find that his expenses exceeded his income every month. He had been reading my books and was anxious to ask me some questions. Governments are keen not to let the cost of living rise out of control. He was determined to hold on to this job whatever difficulties he might meet

16、 with.,The teacher is anxious for her to give a good mark. Id be afraid for her to go swimming alone. Im quite willing for your brother to come with me. Wed be delighted for you to come next week. Wed be delighted that you will come next week.,In other words, Americans think you are just as likely t

17、o get rich by winning the lottery as you are by saving. Shes certain to do well in the examination. James is sure to need help. Sally is lucky enough to have been admitted to his world famous university. You are fortunate to have had the help and guidance of such a man.,You are foolish to put Susans

18、 picture in range with Leos. You are kind to give me so much of your time . John was careless to break the cup. Its foolish of you to put Susans picture in range with Leos. It s very kind of you to give me so much of your time . It was careless of John to break the cup.,B. sentence sub. = logical ob

19、. of the Inf.a. That question is difficult to answer.Mary is easy to teach.To teach Mary is easy.Its easy (for you) to teach Mary. b. The grass is smooth to walk on.The coffee is bitter to taste. To taste the coffee is bitter. XIts bitter to taste the coffee. X Ex. 20A, B,F/2. To be Adverbial of a V

20、. phrase A. He went home to see his mother.Im saving up to buy a new house.to be a purposeHe came here in order to see Charlie.We went early in order not to miss the train.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.,B. He laughed to see such fun.She seemed surprised to meet us.I rejoiced to learn that

21、 my son was admitted into that hallowed university.to be a reason,C. What have I done to deserve so much?She went abroad never to return.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.to be a consequenceShe woke up early to find it was raining.She woke up early and found it was raining.,so

22、/suchas toWill you be so good as to tell him so?Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter can influence others.enough toThat looks almost good enough to eat.We have enough money to spend.tootoHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letter

23、s.I shall be only too pleased to get home.,Ex. Rewrite the following, using tooto or enough to. 1. The river was so deep they couldnt wade across. 2. The policeman could not run very fast, and so was unable to catch the thief. 3. The accident was so terrible we cant talk about it. 4. There was a lot

24、 of food left over; it would have fed a dozen more people. 5. Your nails are so long that they might scratch anybodys eyes out.,1. The river was so deep they couldnt wade across.The river was too deep for them to wade across. 2. The policeman could not run very fast, and so was unable to catch the t

25、hief.The policeman could not run fast enough to catch the thief. 3. The accident was so terrible we cant talk about it.The accident was too terrible for us to talk about.,4. There was a lot of food left over; it would have fed a dozen more people.There was enough food left over to feed a dozen more

26、people. 5. Your nails are so long that they might scratch anybodys eyes out.Your nails are long enough to scratch anybodys eyes out.,F/3. To be a sentence adverbial( a comment clause) eg. To begin with, I think youre wrong.To tell the truth, Im puzzled.Imperialism is, so to speak, digging its own gr

27、ave.The rush work was completed in less than one day-six hours, to be exact.,G. To be PredicativeMy idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Our plan is to make better use of these medicinal herbs.What I could suggest is to start at once.All I did is empty the bottle.The worst you can do is beco

28、me very drowsy.What he has done is spoil the whole thing.What he is doing is spoiling the whole thing.,III. Passive Form of the Inf.to be done / to have been done; eg. Its impossible for lost time to be made up.The manuscript seems to have been written by Shakespeare.Mary is easy to get on with.That

29、 question is difficult to answer.The coffee is bitter to taste.,This is too important a matter to leave / to be left until tomorrow. There is much work to do / to be done. There are many books to read / to be read. To read = books that I can or would like to read To be read = books that I must read

30、There was nothing to see / to be seen. To see = nothing worth seeing To be seen = the thing being looked for was not there,IV. “to do” or “do”? 1. Model Aux. + do 2. had better, had best, would rather, rather than, would sooner, sooner than, may as well+ do 3. To be objective complementa. see, feel,

31、 smell, hear, watch+O.+ dob. have, make, let +O.+ doc. help + O.+ do (to do) 4. doexcept, but + do,5. Inf. as the predicative eg. What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing. 6. “why?”, “why not?” eg. Why argue with him?Why not give Mary flowers? 7. make do, make believe; let drop, let fly, let dr

32、ive, let slip, let go of; hear say, hear tell; leave go of Ex. 19A, B,V. Ellipsis of the Inf. A. George says hes going to leave the big city but I wonder he really wants to.I wanted to get in touch with her but wasnt able to.He says he will come as soon as he has got a chance (to).May I go out this

33、evening?-Yes, Ill will allow you (to).Arent you the manager? - No, and I dont want to be.He hasnt finished yet. -Well, he ought to have.,B. I intended to call on him and discuss this question again.Christian hardly knew whether to laugh or cry.Go to the seaside to swim and get suntanned. Go to the seaside to swim, to get suntanned.To be or not to be, that is a question.I havent decided to go home or to stay at school this summer.,VI. Infinitive “to” and Prep. “to”(P334-339) Ex. 19C, D (self-study),