1、Unit 12,Section A Grammar Focus,Read these sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.,Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动 作之前已经发生或
2、完成了的动作， 即：过去的过去。,过去完成时态的概念：,时间轴表示,肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadnt + 动词的过去分词疑问式：Had + 动词的过去分词?简略回答: Yes, 主 + had.No, 主 + had not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句 (Had+主语+过去分词)?,过去完成时态的构成：,1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去” 。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。 （主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）,过去完成时
3、的用法：,By the time they arrived, the bus had left.当他们到的时候，公交车已经开走了。,2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：,He told me that he had written a new book.(had written 发生在 told 之前 ),3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already， yet， still， just， before， n
4、ever等时间副词及 by， before， until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.,4. 过去完成时可表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he
5、 had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）,6:00 7:00 现在,By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.,I got home,My little brother went to bed,By the time I got home, my little brother had gone to bed.,I got to school,The teacher came into t
6、he classroom,By the time I got to school, the teacher had come into the classroom.,By the time she got outside, the bushad already left.,1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ to Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone,例题解析,解析
7、：“他去北京之前在上海大学学习了4年 ”。在上海大学学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。,B,2. Mary said it was at least five years since she _ a good drink. A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy,解析：“It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句”中用过去完成时。应选C。,C,3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months. has been in B. had been in
8、C. had been to D. had gone to,解析：“小培说她在海南三个月了 ”。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语，表示状态的应该用have been in， 故应选B。,B,过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它； 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“ have (has) + 过去分词”。,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,I have learned 1,000 English words so far
9、. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。,时间轴表示：,虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday
10、.,2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.,3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before, after, as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经
11、表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.,Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words.,1. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call. 2. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twic
12、e. 3. When I _ (arrive) at the station, he _(leave).,went,had made,said,had read,arrived,had left,Practice,4. She _ (not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before. 5. By ten yesterday evening, she _ (finish) writing.,didnt go,had been,had finished,1. We _ out by that time that he_ a thief for a
13、 longtime. A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was2. It so happened that they _ the novel before.had read B. would read C. were reading D. read,C,A,Choose the best answer.,3. Han Mei told me she _lunch, so she was very hungry.A. has had B. hasnt have C. have had D.
14、hadnt had4. The meeting _ when Mr. Wang _ to school.A. has begun; get B. has been on; get C. had begun; got D. had been on; got,D,C,按要求改写句子。 I had sold the ticket when she came. （改为否定句）_ 2. By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改为一般疑问句) _? 3. Jack didnt go to the cinema becaus
15、e he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问） _,I had not sold the ticket when she came.,Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport,Why didnt Jack go to the cinema?,4. Lucy had already finished her homework when I arrived.（改为一般疑问句）_,5. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句） _,Had Lu
16、cy already finished the project when I arrived?,After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up.,4a Make sentences using by the time or before.,2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.,Before I put cream in the coffee, the co
17、ffee had become cold.,By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.,4.I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended. 5.The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.,Before the workday ended, I hadcompleted the work for my boss.,By the time I arrived at the cinema, the
18、 movie had started.,6.My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my language course.,By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.,把下面的句子翻译成汉语。,1.Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.2. By the time I got to school,
19、the teacher had collected the math homework.3. Before the workday ended, I had completed the work for my boss.,我把牛奶放进咖啡之前，咖啡就已经变凉了。,当我到学校的时候，老师已经收完数学作业了。,工作日结束之前，我就已经完成老板布置的任务了。,4. By the time I arrived at the cinema, the movie had started. 5. By the time I got home from my language course, my mothe
20、r had finished making the apple pie.,当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。,我学完语言课回到家时，我妈已经做好了苹果派。,1. 我到家时她已经睡了。,By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.,2. 到晚上时消息已传遍全球。,By the evening the news had spread through the world.,把下面的句子翻译成英语。,3. 他走以后我找到了那封信。,I found the letter after he had gone away.,We reached
21、the cinema late. The film had already begun.,4. 我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。,We found that somebody had broken our window.,I soon realized that I had made a serious mistake.,6. 不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。,5. 我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。,I didnt go because I had already seen the film.,After he checked out all the information, he be
22、lieved his daughter had made a good decision.,8. 他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿的选择是对的。,7. 我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。,4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.,1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _ already _.,had,2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, herealized he _ to add the g
23、reen beans. 3. By the time my mother came back from themarket, I _ already _ thedoor to go for my piano lesson.,had forgotten,shown up,rush out forget arrive at go into show up find out,had rushed out,4. Before she got to the airport, she_ the earthquake. 5. When she _ the movietheater, she remember
24、ed she forgot to feed her dog. 6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _ the building.,found out,arrived at,had gone into,4c Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.,By the time I left school in the morni
25、ng, _,I had already had breakfast.,I had already taken a shower.,I had already washed my face.,2. By the end of the school day, _ 3. By dinner time, I _,I have got a present from Tom.,I had had finished the test.,I had finished my homework.,had had too many apples.,had eaten plenty of meat.,have fin
26、ished all the housework .,Make conversations with your partner to talk about the things you did yesterday by using the past perfect tenses.,When you called me, I ,get to the bus stop,When I got to the library, ,close,When I got to the cinema, ,leave the wallet,1. Some students in Shanghai _ e-bags f
27、or several months. 【2011陕西】 A. have B. have had C. had D. will have 2.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday. 【2011乌鲁木齐】A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun,中考真题链接,B,C,3. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie_ for ten minutes. 【2011 山东淄博】A. had begun B. had been on C. has
28、 started D. has been on 4. By the end of last month, I _ all the CDs of Justin Bieber. 【2011 上海】A. collect B. collectedC. have collected D. had collected,B,D,5. Why was he late for school yesterday?He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _ already _. 【2012湖北 襄阳】A. was, leaving B. has, left C. would, leave D. had, left 6. We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didnt you come? 【2013湖北襄阳】 Because I _ that movie twice. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch,D,B,
