1、 必修 1 Unit 4 EarthquakesAn earthquake struck this district last week，shocking the world.It caused extreme damage to river dams，coal mines and railway tracks.Numerous houses were destroyed，many streets became cracked and a few gas pipes burst.The local government responded quickly to this disaster.Pe
2、ople trapped under the ruins were rescued and the injured were sincerely cared for.Shelter，food and fresh water were offered to the survivors.This event attracted worldwide attention，thus reducing the loss to a minimum.默写识记默写单词1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产3.injure vt. 损害；伤害4.de
3、stroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭5.shock v.(使) 震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊6.trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境7.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏8.damage n& vt. 损失；损害9.frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬10.rescue n& vt. 援救；营救11.judge n. 裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决记住词义1.earthquake n. 地震2.extreme adj. 极度的3.event n. 事件；大事4.nation n. 民族；国家；国民5.congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数 )贺词6.track n.
4、轨道；足迹；痕迹7.electricity n. 电；电流；电学8.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处9.disaster n.灾难；灾祸10.sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地11.express vt. 表示；表达n. 快车；速递12.outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓写出短语1.at an end 结束；终结2.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3.dig out 掘出；发现4.a (great) number of 许多；大量的5.twothirds of 三分之二的6.right away立刻；马上联想拓展动词后缀en1.frighten使惊吓；吓唬2.str
5、engthen 加强；强调3.lengthen 加长；延长4.broaden 加宽；拓展5.sharpen削尖；使锐利；变锋利短语串记1.by the end of到结束时2.in the end 最后；终于e to an end结束4.put an end to sth. 结束；终结5.bring sth.to an end 结束6.be/lie in ruins 沦为废墟；破败e to ruin 毁灭；落空8.fall into ruin 衰败；败落9.bring sth.to ruin 使毁灭10.burst out突然爆发11.burst into 闯入；突然开始12.burst in
6、 突然闯入13.burst forth 迸发；喷发14.be buried in埋头于；专心于15.be trapped in 受困于；陷入16.be caught in 遇上；遭受17.be lost in迷失于；沉浸于18.a great/large number of 大量的19.a great/large amount of 大量的20.a large quantity of 大量的21.a great/good deal of 很多22.onethird of 三分之一的23.twofifths of 五分之二的24.three quarters of四分之三的经典例句The inc
7、ident has sharpened public awareness of the economic crisis.这件事提高了公众对经济危机的认识。This latest developments have further strengthened my determination to leave.最新的发展事态更增强了我离开的决心。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made
8、us lying awake all night.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.门突然打开，闯进了一群孩子。He was trapped in the traffic jam and felt helpless.他陷入交通堵塞中，感到很无助。Aside from the web cameras，a number of other hightech methods are becoming more and more popular.除了网络相机，还有许多其他的高
9、新技术手段正在变得越来越流行。词汇异空间派生词汇原词 词义 派生词 词义extreme adj. 极度的 extremely adv.1.极度地judge vt. 断定；判断；判决 judgement n 2.意见；判断力；审判injure vt. 损害；伤害 injury n 3.伤害；损害destroy vt. 毁坏；摧毁 destruction n 4.毁坏；毁灭congratulate v 祝贺 congratulation n 5.祝贺express vt. 表示；表达 expression n 6.表达；表情语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)Due to the 1.destruc
10、tion (destroy) of their natural habitat， wild animals in this area are being endangered.To avoid any serious 2.injuries (injure) to wildlife，a nature reserve was built last month.Our local government received many letters of 3.congratulation (congratulate) from all walks of life.Many people donated
11、money as an 4.expression (express) of appreciation and support.According to a 5.judgement (judge) made by some experts，this reserve would have an 6.extremely (extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem. 词法新图谱核心词汇灵活多变的动词词汇 词性 意义 现在分词 过去分词burst vi.爆裂；爆发 bursting burstruin vt. 毁灭；使破产 ruining ruine
12、dinjure vt. 损害；伤害 injuring injureddestroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 destroyingdestroyedshock vt.& vi. (使) 震惊；震动 shockingshockedrescue n.& vt. 援救；营救 rescuing rescuedtrap vt. 使陷入困境 trapping trappedbury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 burying burieddamage n.& vt. 损失；损害 damaging damagedjudge vt. 断定；判断；判决 judgingjudged.语境填空 (用所给词的适当形式填
13、空)Typhoon Morakot caused Taiwans worst destruction in half a century，killing 15 people and 1.injuring (injure) numerous.Riverbanks 2.burst (burst) due to the heavy rain.A village 3.was buried (bury) by a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 4.being ru
14、ined (ruin)Helicopters were sent to the 5.destroyed (destroy) areas because many people 6.trapped (trap) under the roofs needed 7.to be rescued (rescue).语境改错Last night two men were burst into Mr.Blacks house，ruined almost everything.They took all the valuables away.The Blacks and their children were
15、 almost frightening to death.The youngest kid cried，buried his face in Mrs.Blacks arms.Luckily，none of them got injure.Police immediately came when they got the shocked news.Judge from Mr.Blacks description，they quickly found and arrested the suspects.【答案】 Last night two men were burst into Mr.Black
16、s house，ruinedruining almost everything.They took all the valuables away.The Blacks and their children were almost frighteningfrightened to death.The youngest kid cried，buriedburying his face in Mrs.Blacks arms.Luckily，none of them got injureinjured.Police immediately came when they got the shockeds
17、hocking news.JudgeJudging from Mr.Blacks description，they quickly found and arrested the suspects.killing 15 people and injuring numerous 是现在分词短语作结果状语，意为“导致 15 人死亡，无数人受伤”。burst out crying/laughing/burst into tears/laughter “突然哭起来/笑起来”burst 当“爆裂；爆发”解时是不及物动词，不可用被动语态。但 burst into 相当于及物动词，可用被动语态。be at r
18、isk of being ruined “有被毁掉的危险”，at risk of 是介词短语，后面可接动名词。be trapped in“被困在中；陷在 中”；be trapped under “被埋在 下”。bury ones face in sb.s arms“把头埋在某人怀里”。judging by/from“从上看；根据判断”，此短语一般在句中用作状语，表示看问题的角度。相依为命的词搭配搭配 例释、联想、拓展动介 judge.by/from.根据来判断be trapped in 被困在bury oneself in/be buried in埋头于；专心于think little/not
19、hing of不重视；不考虑 judging by/from. 根据；根据来判断judge sb./sth.to be. 判断 是Dont judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。动副 dig out 掘出；发现 figure out 算出，理解；leave out 省略，删掉；pick out 选出；turn out 结果是，生产，培养名介 a (great) number of 许多；大量的a shock to. 一件让人吃惊的事情congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事 a great/large number of可
20、数名词复数复数谓语the number of可数名词复数单数谓语congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.因某事向某人祝贺介名 at an end 结束；终结at the end of 在 结束时；在结尾/末端in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work.我的假期结束了，我得回去上班了。The plan was in ruins just because people were unwilling to cooperate.该计划泡汤了，就是因为人们不愿合作。形介 be proud
21、 of 以而自豪 take pride in为感到自豪.语境填空The landslide left the whole village 1.in ruins，which was a great shock 2.to us.Several people died and many more were trapped in collapsed houses.All food supplies were 3.at an end.This disaster could have been avoided，but the villagers thought little 4.of the risk.N
22、ow，led by the government，the villagers are carrying out selfhelp recovery，5.digging (dig) out their belongings 6.buried (bury) in the mud and getting back the lost animals.The village is returning to normal. .语境改错Williams came up with an invention after burying in his research for years.This inventi
23、on was a shocking to the world.It was thought highly by famous scientists.Judged from recent surveys，his invention would greatly benefit disabled people.Many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations for his success.He also received the number of invitations to international conferences.His
24、 family and friends very proud of him.【答案】 Williams came up with an invention after burying himself in his research for years.This invention was a shockingshock to the world.It was thought highly of by famous scientists.JudgedJudging from recent surveys，his invention would greatly benefit disabled p
25、eople.Many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations foron his success.He also received thea number of invitations to international conferences.His family and friends were very proud of him.句法新天地重点句型as if教材原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！as if 从句中使用虚拟语气的三种情况：与现在事实相反：过去时(
26、be 动词用 were)；与过去事实相反：过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反：过去将来时(would/could/might do)。It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?是约翰打破的窗户，你为什么说我啊？就好像是我做的一样。When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were broken.当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。如果 as if 所引导的从句表示的是真实的或是极有可能发
27、生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！火车看起来要开了。部分否定 all .not .( not all .)教材原句 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not . not all .，意为“并非所有的 都”。Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them.Its impossible
28、 for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them arent fit for them.并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。(1)英语中all，both，each，every ，everybody，everything，completely，always ，whole ，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，无论 not 位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no，none，never ，nobody，nothing，neither，no o
29、ne，nowhere ，no more，no longer，no way 等表否定意义的词( 组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。即时演练.语境填空Some students，most of 1.whom are girls，become too stressed 2.to sleep (sleep) well the night before an important exam.However， 3.not all teachers are skilled at helping them stay calm and relaxed.Some teachers even complete
30、ly ignore this fact as if it never 4.existed (exist)Experienced teachers will say something like “You can do it！” “Youre the best” 5.everywhere they encounter a nervous student.These encouraging words do help build up their confidence.语境改错The quiz questions were not too difficult to be answer.Howeve
31、r，all the pupil didnt get an A in the test.Some even got a D，that made the teacher really upset.The reason is that the pupils，each of them has a mobile phone， arent devoted to their lessons.Everywhere if they go，theyre constantly staring at their phones.It seems even if they could not live without t
32、hem.【答案】 The quiz questions were not too difficult to be answer.However，all the pupilpupils didnt get an A in the test.Some even got a D，thatwhich made the teacher really upset.The reason is that the pupils，each of themwhom has a mobile phone， arent devoted to their lessons.Everywhere if they go，the
33、yre constantly staring at their phones.It seems evenas if they could not live without them.冷知识详单查缺补漏.单句填空1 There were about 50 foreign students in our school，most of whom were from Germany.2 “You cant catch me！” Janet shouted，running (run) away. 3 The army organized teams to dig out those who were t
34、rapped and to bury the dead.4 Look out! Dont get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.单句改错1 It is wrong of you to leave the machine work all day long.workworking2 Perhaps I have not expressed me very well.me myself3 I was walking along the street then I heard my name called.thenwhen.语境改
35、错Two buses crashed in the city centre，caused three deaths and many injuries.The dead was the two drivers and one old man.In one bus，its front part was completely destroyed，sat 20 passengers，most of them were teenagers.A narrow escape left them shook with terror.Soon ambulances arrived and took injur
36、ed to the nearest hospital.Investigations into the reason of the crash are still under way.【答案】 Two buses crashed in the city centre，causedcausing three deaths and many injuries.The dead waswere the two drivers and one old man.In one bus，itswhose front part was completely destroyed，sat 20 passengers
37、，most of themwhom were teenagers.A narrow escape left them shookshaking with terror.Soon ambulances arrived and took the injured to the nearest hospital.Investigations into the reason of the crash are still under way.most of whom/which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰人用 most of whom，修饰物用 most of which。类似的还有：all of who
38、m/which；some of whom/which；many of whom/which 等。现在分词在句中常用作伴随状语或结果状语，表示分词动作与主语是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之后。形容词前加定冠词 the 有时表示一类人。如：the poor 穷人；the dead 死者；the injured 伤员。whose 引导定语从句时，既可指代人，也可指代物。当指代物时，有时可换成 of which。leave 作使役动词，意为 “使处于某状态”，可构成句式：leave宾语宾语补足语(doing/done/to do/adj.等)。express oneself“表达自己的思想”。was/w
39、ere doing sth.when .“正在做某事，这时突然”。微写作链接知识运用写作提示2014 年 8 月 3 日，云南昭通鲁甸发生了强烈地震，全国震惊(shock)。地震现场令人恐惧，整座城镇变成一片废墟(in ruins)。 水、电都被切断(cut off)，许多人被困在 (trap)废墟下。好像(as if)一切都被毁了。地震后，全国人民立刻(right away)行动起来帮助当地人度过难关。我真心希望鲁甸在我们的帮助下(with ones help)尽快恢复正常(return to normal)。洋话连篇 作文就是这么简单！规避错误下面是李明的习作，其中有 5 处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。【答案】 第一句：August 前的 inon 第二句：shocking shocked 第四句： as well 后加as 第五句：was were 第八句：sinceresincerely
