1、1一 政治新闻常用字政制 政府 政党absolute monarchy 专制君主政体 constitutional monarchy 君主立宪政治constitutional government 立宪democracy 民主政dictatorship 独裁 republic 共和国empire 帝国 politics 政治politician 政治家、政客 party 政党government party 执政党 opposition (party) 在野党central government 中央政府 local government 地方政府federal government 联邦政府
2、 autonomy 自治、自治权city (municipal) assembly 市议会 governor 州长、省长、总督mayor 市长 bureaucracy 官僚政治militarism 军国主义 imperialism 帝国主义liberalism 自由主义 conservatism 保守主义conservative party 保守党 revolution 革命revolutionary 革命的 reactionary 反动的socialism 社会主义 communism 共产主义political temper 政治动向 platform 政党政纲选举election 选举
3、primary (election) 初选general election 大选 Parliamentary election （英）国会议员选举Presidential election （美）总统选举 election campaign （美）选举活动candidate; nominee 侯选人 is elected; is returned 当选is defeated 落选 voter 投票者voting booth (place) 投票场议会名称及有关活动Diet 日本国会 Parliament 英国国会Congress 美国国会 National Legislature（国）议会St
4、ate Legislature 州议会 House of Representatives （美）众议院，下议院Congressman （美）下议院议 Senate （美）上议院Senator （美）上院议员 House of Lords （英）上议院Member of the H. of L. （英）上院议员 House of Commons （英）下议院Member of the H. of C. （英）下院议员 session 会期sitting 会议 dissolution 解散is convened 召集 is dissolved 解散prorogued, suspended 延会 a
5、sjourn sine die 无期延会first reading 初读 second reding 二读bill 法案budget 预算resolution 决议案impeachment 弹颏，质问non-confidence motion (vote)不信任censure vote 不信任投票motion 动议urgent motion 紧急动议present, submit 提出reject 否决pass; carry; approve; adopt 赞成，通过interpellation 质问演说question 质问，质询reply 答辩standing committee 常任委员
6、会disciplinary committee 纪律委员会special committee 特别委员会unanimous vote 全场一majority vote 多数表决rostrum 讲坛debate 讨论内阁称谓 英国Premier; Prime Minister 总理，首相2Minister 部长Vice-minister 副部长Parliamentary Councillor 枢密官Director Chief of- Bureau 局长Chief of- Section 科长Foreign minister 外交部长Foreign Office; Department of F
7、oreign Affairs 外交部Home Office (Department) 内务部War Department 陆军部Navy Department 海军部Justice Department 司法部Finance Department 财政Communication Department 交通部Education Department 教育部Commerce and Industry Department 工商 Agriculture and Forestry Department 农林部Railway Department 铁道部Overseas Department 海外部Pr
8、ivy Council 枢密院Legislation Bureau 法制局Statistics Bureau 统计局Pensions Bureau 年金局美国President 总统Secretary of State 国务卿Department of State 国务院War（ 陆） ， Navy（海） ， Interior（内务） ， Treasury（财政） ， Commerce（商） ， Labor （劳工） ，Agriculture（农）各部均称 Department, 部长称Secretary 外交diplomacy 外交diplomat 外交官foreign policy 外交政
9、策diplomatic relation 邦交sever diplomatic relations 断resume (restore) diplomatic r 恢复邦交diplomatic corps 外交使节团delegate plenipotentiary 全权代表（委员）diplomatic mission 外交使节团diplomatic envoy 外交使节diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权negotiations 交涉parley 商议，谈判pourparler 预备交涉international conference 国际会议summit coference 巨头
10、会议sponsoring country 发起国closed-door session 秘密会议overtures 正式提义arbitration 仲裁mediation 调庭agenda 议事日程strict neutrality 严守中立declare neutrality 宣告中立interference; intervention 干涉 non-interference 不干涉armed intervention 武力干涉 note 通谍 ultimatum 最后通谍declare war 宣战declaration of peace 宣告和平armistice 休战Armistice
11、 Day 休战记念日arms competition 军备竞赛disarmament 裁军existing treaty 现存条conclude a treaty 缔结条约sign a treaty 签约treaty revision 修订条约pact 条约convention 协议 protocol 议定书memorandum 备忘录agreement 协定most favoured nation treatment text of a treaty 条约本文annex 附录treaty obligation 条约义务tariff treaty 关税条约suzerain 宗主权territo
12、ry 领土protectorate 保护国satellite (state)卫星国 strain 紧张tension 紧张状态 self-determination 民族自决apartheid 种族隔离racism 种族歧视embargo 禁运International Police Force 国际警察inspection system 考查制度international control 国际共管3Displaced Persons Act 难民保护法armed coup detat （法文）武装政权ambassador 大使embassy 大使馆minister 公使legation 公使
13、馆charge daffaires （法文）代councillor 参事官secretary 书记官attache 学员consul general 总领事consulate-general 总领事馆consul 领事vice-consul 副领事mandate 委任credentials, Letter of Credence 国书recognition 承认de facto recognition （法文）事实承认de jure recognition （法文）法律承认extradition 引渡asylum 政治疪护二.经济新闻常用字一般用语economics 经济finance 财政b
14、usiness 实业 商业business and financial circles 实业界及财界commerce 财界capital 资本capitalist 资本家investment 投资laboures workers 工人salary 俸给wages 工资cost of living 生活费用price 价格price of commodities 物价index number of prices 物价指数demand 需要supply 供给consumer 消费者produce 生产producer 生产者cost of production 生产费用mass productio
15、n 大量生产over production 生产过剩product ;produce 生产物output;turnout;production 生产额staple products 重要产物exchange 交换；汇兑distribution 分配goods;articles 货物commodites;merchandise 商品transaction；dealing 交易；买卖cash transaction 现金交易seller 卖者buyer 买者middle man;broker 经济retailer;retail merchant 零售商retail business 零售whole
16、sale business 批发whole dealer 批发商whole price 批发价agent 代理人agency 代理店sole agency 独家经理处general agent 总代理人firm;concern 商号，行家company 公司customer 顾客raw material 原料manufactured goods 制品finished goods 精致品natural resources 天然资源food supplies 食料品daily necessaries 必需品，日用品金融、汇兑、保险bank 银行deposit 存款interest 利息intere
17、st rate 利率withdraw deposits 提出存款check 支票dishonoured cheque 空头支票credit 信用draft,bill 汇票promissory note 期票suspension of business 休业bank failure 银行倒闭go bankrupt 破产mortgage;security 抵押4financier 财政家，金融家financial commissioner 财务官financial readjustment 财务整理financialyear 会计年度currency 通货subsidiary coins 辅币bi
18、ll,notes,paper money 纸币gold specie 现金specie reserve 现金准备domestic loan 内债foreign loan 外债exchage 汇兑，划汇foreign exchange 外汇exchange rate 汇兑率stock exchange 证券交易所life insurance 人寿保险fire insurance 火灾保险marine insurance 海上保险endowment insurance 火灾保险premium 养老保险insurance policy 保险费the insured 保险单to be insured
19、投保underwriter 保险商insurance agent;convasser 保险经纪sum of insurance 保险金额公司，商业president 总经理vice-president 副总经理，协理managing-director 常务董事director 董事general manager 总经理manager 经理promoter 发起人joint stock company, limited 股份有限公司joint stock company 股份公司limited partnership 有限公司unlimited partnership 无限公司juridical
20、 person 法人subscribed capital 总资本paid-up capital 清付资本stocks 股shareholders(stockholders) 股东subscription for shares 入股general meeting of shareholders 股东大会dividend 红利declare a dividend 发红利dividend rate 红利率profit, clear 利益net profit 纯益deficiency 亏绌income, receipts ，takings 收入expenditures 经费， 支出balance sh
21、eet 借贷对照表，决算表balance carried forward 延期决算business report 营业报告first half-year 上半年second half-year 下半年close out, wind up 停业merger union, amalgamation 合并liquidation 清算personal property 动产real estate 不动产business boom(prosperity) 景气business depression, hard times 不景气unemployment 失业the unemployed, the job
22、less 失业者discharge, dismissal 解雇employ 雇用employer 雇主employees 雇员股票市况stock exchange 股票交易所stock broker 股票经纪人jobber 掮客bear 卖空bears 卖空者bull 买空bulls 买空者bearish 跌价的slump, fall, drop, decline 跌crash, collapse 大跌jump, rise 升sharp rise(fall) 激涨（落）strong, firm 有起色steady 稳定weak 疲滞dull, inactive 不活跃sluggish 缓滞br
23、isk, active, lively 活泼tone of market 市况fluctuations 市价变动5opening quotations 开市行情closing quotations 收市行情speculation 投机rule at 落盘rule high 唱高价rule low 唱低价国际经济world market 世界市场economic crisis 经济危机economic stagnation(depression) 经济萧条economic contraction 经济萎缩economic recession 经济衰退war-time boom 战争景气infla
24、tionary pressure 通货膨胀的压力balance of trade 贸易平衡payment difficulties 支付困难adverse balance 逆差favourable balance 顺差currency system 币制gold standard 金本位devaluation 贬值foreign exchange 外汇gold reserve 黄金储备dumping of imports 进口货倾销equitable tax system 等价税则customs tariff 海关税则trade agreement 贸易协定economic aid 经济援助c
25、ommon market 共同市场small free trade zone 小自由贸易区Europe Coal and Steel Community 欧洲煤钢联营三 军事新闻常用字三军官阶(陆军)General Staff Office 参谋本部Minister of Defense 国防部长Marshal 元帅General 上将lieutenant-general 中将major-general 少将brigadier general 准将colonel 上校lieutenant-colonel 中校major 少校captain 上尉lieutenant 中尉second lieut
26、enant 少尉sergeant first class 上士sergeant 中士corporal 下士private first class 上等兵private 一等兵soldier 兵士military cadet 军校学生staff 参谋commander-in-chief 总司令commander 司令adjutant 副官aide-de camp 副官military officer 武官(海军)admiral 上将vice-admiral 中将rear-admiral 少将commodore 准将captain 上校second captain 中校commander 少校li
27、eutenant-commander 上尉lieutenant 中尉sub-lieutenant 少尉midshipman;warrant officer 士官候补生seaman 水兵sailor 水手chief inspector engineer 轮机长captain 船长(空军)air forces 空军air chief marshal 上将air marshal 中将air vice-marshal 少将air commodore 准将group captian (英)飞行上校wing commander (英)中校squadron leader (英)少校flight lieute
28、nant (英)上尉pilot officer (英)少尉aviator;pilot 飞行员6civilian aviator 民航飞行员兵种名称army 军division 师brigade 旅regiment 团,连队battalion 营, 大队company 连,中队platoon 排, 小队squad 班,分队artillery 炮兵infantry 步兵reserves 预备兵recruit 新兵volunteer 志愿兵gendarme 宪兵sentinel 哨兵guerrilla 游击队reinforcement 援兵standing army 常备军sentry 警卫army
29、 service corps 辎重兵armoured corps 装甲兵团telegraph corps 电讯队medical corps 卫生队 marine corps 海军陆战队武器(陆军)bomb 炸弹rifle 来福枪ammunition 弹药atomic gun 原子炮atomic bomb 原子弹hydrogen bomb 氢弹shrapnel 榴霰弹mine 地雷tank 坦克poison gas 毒气chemical weapons 化学武器bacteriological weapons 细菌武器nuclear weapon 核子武器guided missile 导弹inte
30、rcontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道飞弹nuclear warhead 核弹头rocket 火箭rocket 火箭基地modern weapons delivery system 现代武器发射系统cosmic rocket 宇宙火箭radar 雷达radar network 雷达网smoke screen 烟幕（海军）battleship 战舰fleet 舰队auxiliary ships 补助舰capitalship 主力舰carrier 航空母舰cruiser 巡洋舰destroyer 驱逐舰submarine 潜水艇atomic submarine 原子
31、潜水艇gun-boat 炮艇mine sweepe 扫雷艇 rtorpedo-boat 水雷艇naval port 军港(空军)bomber 轰炸机long range bomber 长程轰炸机fighter 战斗机balloon 气球hydorplane 水上飞机helicopter 直升机scout plane 侦察机amphibious plane 水陆两用飞机anti-aircraft gun 高射炮parachute 降落伞jet 喷射机hanger 机库有效战争用语commencement of hostilities 开战declaration of war 宣战belliger
32、ent 交战国combatant 战斗员conscript 卫兵mobilization 动员barracks 兵营camp 野营drill 训练parade 检阅man(o)euvre 演习7regular forces 正规部队in active service 现役fields 战场operations 战斗operational zone 作战行动区attack;assault 攻击surprise attack 突然攻击storm 乱击harge 进击，突击bombard 炮击forts 炮位front 前线base 基地march 行军blockade 封锁strategic bl
33、ockade 战略封锁offensive 攻势defensive 守势occupy;capture 占领occupant 占领者fall 陷落siege 围城advance 推进retreat 退却resist 抵抗captive 俘虏war prisoner 战俘war criminal 战犯victory 胜利reinforcement 增援部队air control 制空权air raid 空袭air defence 空防air supremacy 空中优势amphibious battle 两栖作战bridge ground 滩头阵地lay down arms;disarm 缴械sur
34、render 投降killed in action 战死the killed 死者the wounded 伤者casualties 伤亡者disabled 残疾者good officers 斡旋mediate 调停unconditional surrender 无条件投降unilateral peace 片面媾和partial armistice 局部停战general armistice 全面停战military court 军事法庭demobilization 复员military expansion 扩张军备四 社会与医药卫生新闻社会治安与法律新闻常用字crime 罪criminal 犯
35、人commit crime 犯罪 criminal case 刑事案murder;homicide 杀人attempted murder 谋杀未遂wilful murder 谋杀strangel to death 绞杀stab to death 刺杀assassination 暗杀 assassinate 暗杀assassin 暗杀凶手assailant 加害者assault 攻击；袭击；暴行thief 贼sheft 盗窃罪burglar 夜盗robber 强盗hold-up 拦路抢劫犯pick-pocket 扒手shoplifter 偷窃百货fraud 欺诈swindler 骗子counte
36、rfeiter 使用伪币者counterfeit note 伪造纸币forgery of documents 伪造文书bride 贿赂scandal 毁谤blackmail 吓诈embezzlement 私用公款tax evasion 漏税smuggle 走私jail-breaking 越狱kidnapping 诱拐；拐骗adultery 通奸divorce 离婚conspiracy 阴谋；串谋arson 纵火8corruption 贪污high treason 叛国罪contempt of court 蔑视法庭gambling 赌博robbery 抢劫squeeze 勒索police 警方；
37、警员police station 警察局cop 警探policeman;constable;patrolman 警察plain cloth 便衣inspector 督察lock-up 拘留所detention 拘留writ 令状charge room 捕房confess 供认surrender oneself 自首custody 拘留District Tribunal 地方法院jury 陪审官（总称）juror juryman 陪审官public trial 公审verdict 陪审官判决decision 判决sentence 宣告；处罚publishment 罚fine 罚金penal se
38、rvitude 惩役imprisonment 监禁prison 监狱evidence 证据bail 保释；保释金capital pulishment 极刑was executed 处死刑judge;justice 推事；法官court 法庭supreme court 最高法院accused 刑事案的被告defendant 被告procurator;prosecutor 主控witness 证人complainant;accuser 原告solicitor 普通律师barrister 大律师civil case 民事案件criminal case 刑事案件indictment;prosecuti
39、on 告发；起诉first instance 初审summons 传唤found guilty 决定有罪acquitted 无罪开释amnesty;general pardon 大赦commutation of sentence 减刑deportation 放逐；驱逐出境exile 流放lack of evidence 证据不足violate 违犯juvenile court 儿童法院plead guilty 认罪plead not guilty 不认罪灾难新闻常用字accident 意外的事故collision;clash;smash up 碰撞overturn 倾覆disaster;mis
40、hap 灾祸flooded 被洪水冲没drown 溺毙shipwrecked 船舶失事sink 沉没run/go aground 触礁derail 出轨jump off the track 脱轨conflagration 大火fire 火灾fire broke out 发生火灾flame 火焰incendiary 放火人set fire to 放火perish in flames 烧死burn alive 活活烧死reduced to ashes 化为灰烬fire fighter,firemen 消防队员fire engine 消防车fire extinguisher 灭火器calamity;
41、catastrophe 灾难earthquake;earth tremor 地震after-shocks 余震vibration;shock;tremor;oscillation 震动volcano 火山active volcano 活火山dead volcano 死火山eruption 喷火9lava 熔岩flood;innundation 洪水river overflows 河水泛滥wash away 冲掉explosion 爆炸rescue,salvage 拯救victim 牺牲者；受害人was injured 负伤serious injuries 重伤slight injuries 轻
42、伤was killed,perished 遇害was alive 生还卫生新闻常用字一般用语medical examination 体格检查hospital 医院clinic 诊疗所maternity homes 流产所dispensary 药房waiting room 候诊室consultation room 诊疗室operation room 手术室outpatient department 门诊部emergency department 急诊部hospital registrars office 挂号室register 挂号ward 病房surgical ward 外科病房materni
43、ty ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔壁病房dick bed 病床consulting hour 门诊时间ambulance 救护车laboratory 化验室medical department 外科surgical department 外科obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科pediatrics department 小儿科ophthalmic department 眼科ear,nose,throat(ENT) department 耳鼻喉科skin department 皮肤科X-ray department 放射科doctor 医生head doctor 主治医生interne 实习医生physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医obstetrician 产科医生pediatrician 小儿科医生optician;eye-doctor 眼科医生specialist 专科医生nurse 护士nursing 护理head nurse 护士长midwife 接生员pharmacist 药剂师in-patient 住院病人out-patient 门诊病人case history
