1、Unit 11 Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 spot dictationGive your child the happiness traitHappiness is both a “state“ and a “trait“. The state of happiness is a (1) mood that comes and goes. I can (2) induce it in my two-year-old daughter simply by making a (3) silly face. The trait of happin
2、ess is more (4) stable. I see it in my daughter when she gets out of bed with a smile, eager to (5) take on the day. Even when life isnt so pleasant, she can sustain her (6) optimism and hopefulness. A recipe for a happy disposition through life is harder to (7) come by, but researchers have identif
3、ied key (8) ingredients. By focusing on these, parents are more likely to raise children with the (9) trait of happiness built into their (10) character. 1) Give your child choices. 2) Resist the urge to (11) spoil. Common sense suggests that people with (12) adequate incomes are happier than those
4、(13) without. The key word is “adequate“. What is important is having enough to (14) provide for basic needs and feeling content with what you have. 3) (15) Encourage broad interests. 4) Teach resilience*. Everyone has ways to (16) cope with bad days. A child should be taught to find solace in thing
5、s that will (17) restore his sense of well-being. 5) (18) Promote a happy home. One of the best ways to help a child find (19) enduring happiness is for the parents to (20) look for it in their own lives. Part 2 Listening for GistOld and young, single and married, rich and poor - anyone can be lonel
6、y, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they actually have. Women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed are most at risk. Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression because
7、of the transition from working wife to housebound mother. Elderly people, particularly those who move to a new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also combine to turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes.
8、Teenagers natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single parents feel cut off from a couple-orientated society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment ca
9、n also lead to loneliness. Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide. 1)This passage is about various reasons for loneliness and depression. 2) The key words are young mothers, transition, working wife, housebound mother: elderly people. isolate
10、d. illness. disability. fear of going out alone: teenagers. natural shyness. self-consciousness: single parents. cut off. a couple-orientated society. divorce. self-esteem: social contacts. work. unemployment. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueDeputy EditorRay Jones: You know, a lot
11、of people who read newspapers have no idea how theyre put together. Im often asked to talk to groups of people about my work, and its incredible how many of them think either that reporters write the headlines and take their own pictures or, conversely, that the Editor writes and prints everything i
12、n the paper. They fail to realize that producing a newspaper is really very much a team effort. Mary Keen: Ray, youre Deputy Editor of the Evening Post. What exactly does that entail? Ray Jones: Well, the work of a Deputy Editor varies from paper to paper depending on the Editor. No two Editors work
13、 the same way. Some delegate all the administration to a deputy. Others take on all the admin themselves and concentrate on the management side of running the newspaper rather than on the editorial side. Our Editor here is the sort who likes getting involved in the editorial side of the paper, so he
14、ll often come, sit down with the reporters and work on a story with them. But then once or twice a week hell leave that and get on with the admin . Mary Keen: So what are your responsibilities as Deputy? Ray Jones: I supervise the reporters, sports writers and sub-editors and try to see that everyon
15、e knows what everyone else is doing so that it all runs smoothly. And, of course, I also stand in* for the Editor when hes at meetings, conferences, or whatever. Mary Keen: And what is Ray Jones typical working day? Ray Jones: Well, it starts at about 7: 15, and the first thing I have to do is to fi
16、nd out whats going on in the newsroom, what are the best stories of the day, whos going to cover them, and so on. Quite often its not immediately obvious whats going to be the front page lead*, and thats a major headache at the start of the day. Once thats been sorted out and Ive checked that theres
17、 nothing distasteful or unethical going into the paper, then I come back to my office to get on with my Deputy Editor tasks. Mary Keen: Which are? Ray Jones: Taking care of readers letters, for instance, and editing our Mailbag column. That can be great fun - we have a splendidly eccentric bunch of
18、regular readers, and, given the right subject, they often produce an extremely entertaining and well-written set of letters. Of course, dealing with the correspondence has its tedious side as well - I have to read every letter we get, and some of them, as you can imagine, are a bit of a pain. Mary K
19、een: What else do you have to do? Ray Jones: I also write the Leader column each day. That means I have to compose 300 words on some matter of public concern expressing the newspapers opinion. And sometimes this, too, can be a real problem. More than once Ive found myself half an hour before the dea
20、dline with no idea what my opinion was going to be on what subject. Mary Keen: How did you get into journalism, Ray? Ray Jones: As an errand boy, actually, at the age of 15. I left school with no qualifications and was lucky enough to get a job with the Liverpool Echo, making tea, polishing floors a
21、nd so on. After a year I became a junior reporter. I did the usual sort of training by attending day-release classes, gained some more experience as a reporter and then went from the Echo to the Birmingham Mail where I became a sub-editor, and then a chief reporter. Ive been on a couple of other pap
22、ers since the mail - I was News Editor on my last paper - and I moved to the Evening Post three years ago. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following grids. A. Ray Jones Job Description His responsibilities as a Deputy Editor Supervises the reporters, sports writers and sub-editor
23、s; Stands in for the Editor sometimes. Ray Jones typical working day Starts at about 7: 15, and finds out whats going on in the newsroom, what are the best stories of the day, and whats going to be the front page lead. Gets on with the Deputy Editor tasks. Mailbag column Takes care of readers letter
24、s. That can be great fun. Of course, dealing with the correspondence has its tedious side as well. Leader column Each day there will be an article about 300 words on some matter of public concern, which expresses the newspapers opinion. B. Ray Jones Career Experience Newspaper Time Work At the age o
25、f 15 Worked as an errand boy, making tea, polishing floors and so on. Liverpool Echo After a year Became a junior reporter; gained some more experience as a reporter by attending day-release classes. Birmingham Mail Became a sub-editor, and then a chief reporter. (A couple of other papers) Became Ne
26、ws Editor on the last paper. Evening Post Deputy Editor Part 2 passageBuilding friendships with Your Young ChildrenSeveral years ago, we began construction on a new church building. In the beginning, the workmen dug a big pit in the ground and then they began to pour footings. Footings are cement pi
27、ers upon which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure. After the foundation hole is dug, the footings must be poured quickly, before the composition of the soil is changed by the wind, air, or water. In a similar way in these brief early years, parents
28、of young children have the challenging job of laying the foundation that will support family friendships in later years.Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying a strong foundation for friendship. Hug, hug, hug. Even if you were not raised in a hugging family, hug your kids
29、anyway. They need the warmth of physical contact and so do you.Say “I love you“ and say it often. When we talk with our children, its meaningful if we look them in the eyes. So squat down to their level when you truly want to communicate with them, and let them know that what you are saying to one a
30、nother is important.A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. He will attempt to get his own way. While the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is what he is doing. A wise parent must not permit this to happen. Letting a child manipulate or control puts an awful, unfair
31、 burden on the child. Firm discipline relieves a child of this burden and builds respect for the parent. When a child respects his parents, he will also respect others.Tradition and discipline are related, for tradition begins with a regularly scheduled event and the repetition, time after time, of
32、that event. Discipline, too, is the repetition of many small acts until they become ingrained as part of the way in which a child relates to the world. Small children need a schedulea routine. Schedules build confidence in children because they know what to expect and when to expect it.Parents of yo
33、ung children sometimes feel much like those workers. We work and work and dont see much progress. Or make progress in one area and then have a setback in another. Its easy to lose our perspective and become discouraged. We have to remember that we are laying the foundation for a childs future life a
34、nd friendships, and it can be a tedious process. Our children are tender shoots full of the promise of great things. As we gently train and steer them, we need a long-range perspective.In a way, these early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We put much into our childrens lives, but we
35、dont see much return on our initial investment for several years. In the same way we expect our monetary investments to pay off in the future, we have to remember we are building for our childrens futures.A: pre-listening questionThere are many effective ways to build friendship s with young childre
36、n. Learning together is one of them. For example, by playing together, parents can learn more about their children while their children will also learn a lot from them. Another effective way is that once parents make a promise to their children, they should keep it, because their children are dying
37、for it. That parents should be honest to their children when they are not present is also very important. In other words, when parents talk about their childrens weaknesses, they do not feel ashamed if their children overhear it.B: Sentence Dictation Directions: Listen to some sentences and write th
38、em down. You will hear each sentence three times. 1. Footings are cement piers upon which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure.2. In a similar way in these brief early years, parents of young children have the challenging job of laying the foundation
39、that will support family friendships in later years.3. Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying a strong foundation for friendship. Kids need the warmth of physical contact and so do you.4. A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. While the child may not be con
40、sciously trying to control, this is what he is doing.5. In a way, these early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We put much into our childrens lives, but we dont see much return on our initial investment for several years.C: Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choo
41、se the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1.B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. DD: After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1. It is a metaphor. Laying a solid foundation is crucial to building a church. The author
42、compares the process of building friendships with children to that of constructing a new church building. If the foundation is strong since inception, then when storms, hurricanes and earthquakes hit, it will surely hold and the building will be safe and sound.2. (Open) Section Three NewsNews Item 1
43、The donors conference on Somalia is fraught with concerns that do not directly deal with the problem at hand - bolstering security in the Horn of Africa country. Donors are worried about the rampant piracy off Somalias shores. Potential donors are also financially strapped from fighting the global e
44、conomic crisis.Still, the United Nations, which is co-sponsoring the conference with the European Union, hopes to raise about $166 million to beef up Somalian security and to help understaffed African Union peacekeepers in the conflict-torn country.The United Nations also wants representatives from
45、some 30 nations expected at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalia.Among those expected at the conference are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, along with the heads of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozens nations
46、.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the donors conference on Somalia. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. They are worried about the rampant piracy off Somalias shores.2. The U.N. hopes to raise about $16
47、6 million to beef up Somalian security.3. They are financially strapped from fighting the global economic crisis.4. The U.N. expects representatives at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalia.5. They are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, along with the heads
48、 of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozens nations.News Item2Sales of existing homes rose sharply in July, surpassing expectations and fueling optimism that the U.S. economy is on the right track.The higher demand is just part of the larger picture. Althoug
49、h the increase was the largest in ten years, average homeowners have lost about 15 percent of the value of their homes.Critics of the governments plan, aimed at helping struggling homeowners modify loans to make them more affordable, say fewer than ten percent of eligible loans have been changed. That means many homeowners will continue paying high interest rates on loans worth more than their homes.Last month, more than 360,000 homeowners were foreclosed, an increase of more than 30 percent since last year. Part of the problem is that
