医学英语考试复习重点.doc

1、1Pronounce each medical word correctly, and write out the pronunciation of each underlined letter(s). (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Put the primary stress on each of the following medical words. ( 1 point for each, 10 points in all)Translate the following English terms into Chinese. (1.5 point

2、 for each, 15 points in all)Translate the following terms into English. (1.5 point for each, 15 points in all)Give the meaning for each of the following words according to your knowledge of combining word elements. (2 point for each, 30 points in all)Make medical words according to the givien explan

3、ation and your knowledge of medical word forming. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Choose the right answer for each of the following items. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Chapter 1 Cardiovascular System TerminologyPart I Roots for the cardiovascular systematriotomy 心房切开术2angi (o)- blood vess

4、el angitis ndaitis 脉管炎angioplasty ndiu,plsti 血管成形术angiostenosis ,ndiustinusis 血管狭窄angiorrhaphy ndiurfi 血管缝术angiectasis,ndiektsis 血管扩张arteri (o)- artery or arteries arteriogram :tiriurm 动脉造影照片arteriorrhexis :,tirireksis 动脉破裂arteriopathy 动脉病arteriosclerosis :,tiriusklrusis 动脉硬化aort(o)- ei:t: aorta 主动脉

5、 ather(o)- a combining form denoting glue-like deposit or atheroma 粥样斑, atherosclerosis,rudenisis 动脉粥 样硬化3aortorrhaphy 主动脉缝合术aortectomy 主动脉部分切除术aortotomy 主动脉切开术atri(o)-: atrium of the heart valv(o)- or valvul(o)- : valve atrioventricular,eitriuventrikjul房室的valvulitis 心瓣炎valvotome 瓣膜刀atriomegaly 心房肥大

6、valvulopathy(心) 瓣病cardi(o)-: heart or the cardiac orifice bradycardia 心动过缓pericarditis,perik:daitis 心包炎tachycardia 心动过速cardiomyopathy 心肌病myocarditis 心肌炎phleb(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to a vein or veins phlebostenosis 静脉狭窄phleborrhagia 静脉出血phlebography 静脉造影(术)phlebotomyflibtmi 静脉切开术

7、,放血术vas(o)-: blood vessel or ductven(o)- : vein 4venostasis,vi:nsteisis 静脉郁滞vasculitis 血管炎vasography 血管造影术vasospasm 血管痉挛Part II Clinical and pathological conditions Atherosclerosis: Embolism Heat FailureHypertension:Myocardial infarction- Angina pectoris- Chapter 2 Respiratory System TerminologyPart

8、 I Roots for the Respiratory system5rhinorrhea: 鼻液溢 laryngo-喉; bronchogenic 支气管原的; bronchiole 细支气管 6bronchorrhagia 支气管出血bronchoscopy brkskpi 支气管镜检查法bronchiecctasis 支气管扩张bronchostenosis 支气管狭窄bronchitis 支气管炎bronchocelebrknsi:l支气管囊肿laryng(o)-: larynx (throat)7laryngostenosis 喉狭窄. laryngitis 喉炎laryngect

9、omy,lrindektmi 喉切除术laryngostomy,lristmi喉造口术laryngoscope 喉镜laryngocentesis 喉穿刺术pharyng(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to the pharynx 咽pharyngocele 咽囊肿frisi:pharyngostenosis,fringu stinusis咽狭窄pharyngorrhagia,fringreidi咽出血pharyngemphraxis,frindemfrksis咽阻塞pleur(o)-: pleura 胸膜pleuropexy 胸膜固定术

10、pleurocentesis 胸腔穿刺术pleurodynia,plurdini胸膜痛pleurotomy 胸膜切开术pneum(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to respiration, the lungs, or airpneumonectomy,nju:munektmi肺切除术pneumonia 肺炎pneumomelanosis 肺黑变病pneumoconiosis 肺尘症rhin(o)- nose8rhinostenosis 鼻道狭窄rhinoplasty rainu,plsti 鼻成形术rhinorrhagia,rainre

11、idi鼻出血rhinosinusitis 鼻窦炎thorac(o)-: thorax pneumothorax 气胸hydrothorax 胸膜积水hemothorax 血胸 thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术pyothorax 脓胸trache(o)- : trachea or the windpipe tracheopyosis 气管化脓tracheitis,treikiaitis气管炎tracheomalacia,treikimleii 气管软化tracheorrhaphy 气管缝合(术)-pnea: breath or respirationoligopnea 呼吸迟缓tachyp

12、nea,tkipni:呼吸急促dyspnea呼吸困难eupnea ,呼吸正常,正常呼吸9apneapni呼吸暂停orthopnea:pni 端坐呼吸hyperpnea,haippni: 呼吸增强,呼吸过度bradypnoea 呼吸缓慢hypopneahaippni:, ,haipuni:呼吸减弱,呼吸不足Part II Clinical and pathological conditions Tuberculosis Asthma. PneumoconiosisChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Emphysema, Chapter 3 M

13、usculoskeletal SystemPart I Roots for the musculoskeletal systemVertebral column 脊柱; calcaneus 跟骨; carpals 腕骨; metacarpals 掌骨; phalanges指骨,趾骨; tarsals: 踝眼骨跗骨；metatarsals: 跖骨zh g; tibia 胫骨; humerus 肱骨 coccyx 尾骨10Inotropic ,intrpik变力的;影响肌肉收缩的 ; fasciodesis:筋膜固定术; tenorrhaphy 腱缝术; cardiotonic 强心药; dysk

14、inesia ,diskaini:zi 运动障碍myeloblastmailubl:st 成髓细胞,原11始粒细胞; asynovia 滑液缺乏 ; bursa: 粘液囊 ,滑液囊; bursotomy 粘液囊切开术 acr(o)-: extremity, tip or endacrodynia,krdaini肢端痛acromegaly 肢端肥大症acrocyanosis【,krusinusis手足发绀arthr(o)-: joint or jointsarthrosclerosis,:rusklirusis关节硬化arthrodysplasia 关节发育不良arthrodesis :rdsi

15、s关节固定术arthralgia 关节痛12chondr(o)-: cartilagechondromalacia 软骨软化chondrocyte 软骨细胞chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤chondrodysplasia 软骨发育不全chondrofibroma 软骨纤维瘤cost(o)- : ribsrachi(o)-: spine costosternoplasty 肋骨胸骨成形术.rachiocentesis 椎管穿刺costalagia 肋骨痛rachitis 脊柱炎rachiography 脊柱造影my(o)-: muscle myoblastoma,maiblstum成肌细胞

16、瘤myosclerosis 肌硬化(症 )myodynia 肌痛myodysplasia 肌发育异常myoatrophy 肌萎缩oste(o)-: bone or bones osteoarthritis,stiu:raitis 骨关节炎osteoclaststiuklst破骨细胞osteoblaststiublst成骨细胞13osteonecrosis stiunekrusis骨坏死sarc(o)-: flesh or connective tissue 肌肉、结缔组织sarcolipoma 脂肉瘤sarcoblast 成肌细胞carcinosarcoma,k:sinus:kum 癌肉瘤sp

17、ondyl(o): vertebra or the spinal column 脊椎,脊柱spondylitis 脊椎炎spondylomalacia 脊椎软化spondylosis,spndilusis椎关节强直spondylopathy 脊椎病syndesm(o): ligaments 与结缔组织、特别是与韧带有关syndesmoplasty 韧带成形术syndesmopexysindezm,peksi韧带固定术ten(o)-, tend(o)-: tendons 腱tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tenotomy 腱切断术tenorrhaphy 腱缝合术tenectomy 腱鞘切除术P

18、art II Common Muscles Disorders and DiseasesMetabolic bone disease. Osteoporosis Arthritis.14Rheumatoid arthritis Gout Chapter 4 Integumentary System (Skin) TerminologyPart I Rootsderm(o)- or dermat(o)-: skin-derma: skin or skin disease dermatitis 皮炎15hypodermic 皮下的dermatosclerosis,d:mtsklrusis硬皮病de

19、rmatopathy,d:mtpi皮肤病epiderm(o)- the outer layer of skin 表皮epidermosis 表皮病epidermoma 表皮瘤epidermatoplasty,epid:mt,plsti表皮成形术hidr(o)- : sweat or sweat glands 汗,汗腺hyperhidrosis 多汗(症) ,haiphidrusis hidradenitis,haidrdinaitis汗腺炎hypohidrosis 少汗症anhidrosis,nhaidrusis无汗症hidradenoma 汗腺腺瘤hist(o)-: tissue 组织his

20、tiocytosis,histisitusis组织细胞增多病histogenesis,histudenisis组织发生histiocytoma 组织细胞瘤kerat(o)-: horn or horny tissue keratosis 角化病keratinocytekrtinsait角质化细胞keratogenesis,kertudenisis角质生成lip(o)-: fat, fatty, fatty tissue or lipid lipidosis 脂沉积( 症) 16hyperlipemia,haip(:)lipi:mi高脂血症lipoatrophy 皮下脂肪萎缩, 脂肪营养不良Pa

21、rt II Clinical and pathological conditions EczemaPsoriasisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Malignant melanoma PruritusChapter 5 Digestive System TerminologyPart I Roots171819antr(o)-: antrum of the stomachappendic(o)- vermiform appendix 阑尾appendicocele 阑尾疝appendicostomy 阑尾造口术antrectomyntrektmi窦切除术

22、antrostomy 窦造口术cholangi(o)- bile duct 胆管cholangitis ,klndaitis胆管炎cholangiectasis 胆管扩张cholangiographyk,lndirfi胆管造影(术)cholangioscopy 胆管窥镜检查cholangioenterostomy 胆管小肠吻合术choledoch(o)-: common bile ductcholedocholithasis 胆总管石病20choledocholithotripsy 胆总管碎石术choledochoscope 胆总管(窥)镜choledocholithotomy 胆总管石切除术

23、choledochectomy 胆总管部分切除术choledochotomy 胆总管切开术chol (o)-: bile sac 胆囊cholecystitis,klisistaitis胆囊炎cholepoiesis 胆汁生成cholecystolithiasis 胆囊结石病cholecystosonography 胆囊声像图检查cholestasis,klisteisis胆汁郁积cholecystoptosis 胆囊下垂colo-: colon colocentesis 结肠穿刺术colonoscopy 结肠镜检查 术 colorrhaphy 结肠缝合术colonalgia 结肠痛duode

24、n(o)-: duodenum 十二指肠duodenostomy 十二指肠造口术duodenorrhaphy 十二指肠缝术duodenectomy,dju:udinektmi十二指肠切除术enter(o)-: intestines enterolysis 肠粘连松解术21enteroclysis 灌肠( 法) enterorrhexis,entrreksis肠破裂enterospasm 肠痉挛esophag(o)-: the passage that carries food 食管esophagodyniai,sfudini食管痛esophagostenosis 食管狭窄esophagosco

25、pei:sfskup食管镜esophagoceleisfusi:l食管突出gastr(o)-: stomach gastroptosis 胃下垂gastritis 胃炎gastropathy 胃病gastrorrhagia ,gstrreidi胃出血gastroduodenitis,stru,dju:udinaitis胃十二指肠炎gloss(o)-: tongue macroglossia,mkruglsi巨舌(症)glossodynia 舌痛hepat(o)-a combining form denoting relationship to the liverhepatitis 肝炎hepa

26、tomegaly,heptumeli肝大hepatorrhexis 肝破裂hepatectomy,heptektmi肝切除laparo-: abdominal wall or abdomen 22laparocystotomy,lprusisttmi剖腹囊肿切除术laparorrhaphylprrfi腹壁缝术laparoenterostomy,lpru,entrstmi剖腹肠造口术laparoscopy lprskpi 腹腔镜检查peritone(o)- peritoneum 腹膜polypectomy,plipektmi 息肉切除peritonitis 腹膜炎peritoneocentesi

27、s,peri,tunjsenti:sis 腹膜穿刺peritonealgia 腹膜痛proct(o)- rectum or anus 肛门,直肠proctoptosis 直肠脱垂 proctocele 直肠突出proctoscopy,prktskpi直肠镜检查proctorrhagia 直肠出血-pepsia: digestion 消化-phagia: eating or swallowing 噬,食dyspepsia 消化不良dysphagia 吞咽困难polyphagia 多食hyperpepsia 胃酸过多性消化不良Part II Common Digestive System Diso

28、rdersDiarrhea23HeartburnPeptic ulcer Hepatitis Liver Cholelithiasis Pancreatitis AppendicitisPart III Video watching and comprehensionChapter 6 Urinary System TerminologyPart I Roots 24Nephr/o, ren/o Kidney Nephritis, renal arteryHydro/o Water Hydronephrosis (abnormal condition involving back up of

29、urine into the kidneyCyst/o Bladder Cystitis, cystectomy (inflammation of , removal of bladder)Pyel/o Renal collecting ducts Pyelogram (X-ray of the collecting ducts)Ur/o, -uria Urine Polyuria, anuria (frequent urination, no urine formation)25Olig/o Scanty, less than normalOliguria (reduced urine fo

30、rmation)-pexy To surgically reattach, fix in normal positionNephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)cyst(o)-: sac, cyst, especially the urinary bladdercystoptosis 膀胱下垂cystoscopysistskpi 膀胱镜检查cystolithectomy,sistliektmi膀胱切开取石术cystographysistrfi 膀胱造影(术)glomerulo (o)-: renal

31、glomeruli 小球,肾小球glomerulonephritislu,merjulunefraitis 肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosislu,merjulusklrusis肾小球硬化症nephr(o)-: kidney 肾nephritis 肾炎nephropyosisnefrupaiusis 肾化脓nephrectomynfrektmi 肾切除术nephrolihiasis 肾结石pyel(o)-: renal pelvis 肾盂pyelonephrosis 肾盂肾病pyeloplastypaiil,plsti 肾盂成形术pyelectasis,paiilekteisis

32、肾盂扩张pyelostomy ,pailstmi 肾盂造口术26ureter(o)-: ureter 尿管, 输尿管ureterostomy ju,ri:trstmi 输尿管造口术ureteralgiaju,ri:trldi 输尿管痛ureterocelejuri:tr,si:l输尿管疝ureterostenosisju,ri:trustinusis 输尿管狭窄urethr(o)-: urethra 尿道urethrotomy ,jurirtmi 尿道切开术urethratresia 尿道狭窄urethralgia,jurirldi 尿道痛urethrorhaphy 尿道缝合术ur(o)-:

33、urine, the urinary tract, or urinationurodynia 排尿痛uremiajuri:mi 尿毒症urolithjuruli尿结石uroscopyjurskpi 验尿-uria: a combining form denoting a characteristic or constituent of the urine 尿polyuria,plijuri多尿anurianjuri 无尿 nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿dysuria 尿痛glycosuria 糖尿hematuria ,hi:mtjuri 血尿27Part II Clinical

34、and pathological conditionsInfectionsCystitis Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra, generally associated with sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections.GlomerulonephritisRenal FailureUrinary lithiasis,Chapter 7 Nervous System TerminologyPart I Roots Cephal/o Head

35、头 Cephalgia (a headache)Encephal/o Inside the head (brain) Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) 脑炎Anencephalic (born without a brain)Mening/o Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord 髓膜Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes) 髓膜炎Myel/o Spinal cord 脊髓 Myelogram (X-ray of the spinal cord)

36、 脊髓 (X 线)造影照片Neur/o Nerve Neuroma (tumor) 神经瘤28Neuritis (inflammation) 神经炎Dys Difficult, painful, abnormalDyslexia (difficulty reading) 诵读困难-cele Hernia, abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical positionMeningomyelocele (protrusion of membranes and spinal cord) 脊髓脊膜膨出-pathy Disease,

37、 abnormality Encephalopathy (disease of the brain) Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)-plasia Development, formation, growthAplasia (no development)Hyperplasia (over development)-plegia Paralysis Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) 偏瘫 , 半身麻痹Quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs) 四肢瘫痪ce

38、phal(o)-: head 头cephalocele 脑膨出cephaledema 头水肿29cephalocentesis 头颅穿刺术Cerebell(o)-: cerebellum (little brain) 小脑cerebr(o)-: :cerebrum (brain) 大脑cerebrology 脑学. cerebromalacia 脑软化cerebrosclerosis 脑硬化cerebrotomy 脑切开术;Crani(o)-: cranium or skull 颅骨,颅cranioclast 碎颅钳.craniopathy 颅骨病craniostenosis 颅狭小crani

39、ectomy 颅骨切除术encephal(o)-: brain 脑encephalorrhagia 脑出血encephalography 大脑 X 射线法encephaloma 脑瘤encephalodysplasia 脑发育异常mening(o)-: meninges 脑膜meningitis 脑膜炎meningocerebritis 脑膜脑炎meningeorrhaphy )膜缝合术meningocele ,脑膜膨出30myelo-: marrow, the spinal cord or myelin 脊髓, 髓鞘myelodyspasia 脊髓发育不良myelocele 脊髓膨出poli

40、omyelitits 脊髓灰质炎myelocytoma 髓细胞瘤neur(o)-: nerves or the nervous system.neuropathy 神经病neuroblast 成神经细胞neurorrhaphy 神经缝术neurosis 神经( 官能)症ventricul(o)-: ventricle of the brain 室(心室,脑室)的 ventriculography 脑室造影 (术)ventriculoencephalitisven,trikjulu,enseflaitis 脑室脑炎ventriculomegaly 巨脑室,脑室扩大ventriculoscopy 脑室镜检查-paresis: slight or partial paralysis 轻瘫-plegia: paralysis or stroke 麻痹,瘫痪,中风paraplegia,prpli:di半身不遂quadriplegia 四肢瘫痪hemiparesis 轻偏瘫; 偏身轻瘫hemiplegia 半身麻痹, 半身不随Part II Clinical ConditonsAlzheimer disease