1、自动化专业英语,Specialized English for Automation,PART I ELECTRONICS,1 Electrical Measuring Instruments 2 Fundamentals of Solid-state Power Device 3 Analog Electronics 4 Digital Electronics,PART II ELECTRICAL MACHINE, CONTROL COMPONENT AND SENSOR,5 Introduction to Electrical Machines 6 DC Motor And Inducti
2、on Motor 7 Electrical Machine Control System 8 Control Sensors,1 Electrical Measuring Instruments 第1章 电子测量仪表,1.1 Safety Precaution(安全措施) 1.2 Basic Meter Construction and Operation(基本仪表构造和操作) 1.3 Use of Measuring Instrument(测量仪表的使用)1.3.1 Voltage Testers电压测量计1.3.2 Voltmeters伏特表1.3.3 Ammeters安培表1.3.4 O
3、hmmeter欧姆表,1 Electrical Measuring Instruments 第1章 电子测量仪表,1.1 Safety Precaution(安全措施) 1.2 Basic Meter Construction and Operation(基本仪表构造和操作) 1.3 Use of Measuring Instrument(测量仪表的使用)1.3.5 Coutinuity Tester导通测试仪1.3.6 Megohmmeter兆欧表1.3.7 Multimeters万用表1.3.8 Wattmeter瓦特计1.3.9 Watthour Meters瓦时表,Vocabulary
4、 1. personnel p:snel n. 人员，职员 2. voltmeter vultmi:t n. 电压表，伏特计(表) 3. ohmmeter ummi:t n. 欧姆计，电阻表 4. megohmmeter meumi:t n.兆欧表 5. wattmeter wtmi:t n.瓦特表(计),电表,功率(W) 6. watt-hour n. 瓦时，瓦特小时(能量单位) 7. ammeter mit n.安培计,电流表,Vocabulary 8. calibrate klbret v. 校正(准) 9. scale skeil n.刻度,量程 10. rated adj. 额定的
5、11. interfere with 有害于 12. indicating needle (仪表)指针 13. hazardous hzds adj. 危险的pivot pvt n.支点,Vocabulary 15. terminal t:minl n.接线端子 16. spiralspairl adj.螺旋形的 17. spring n.弹簧 18. shunt nt n.分流；分路(流)器；并联、旁路 19. rectifier n.整流器 20. electrodynamometer ilektrudainmmit n. 电测力计 21. strive for v.争取 22. vane
6、 ven n.(机器的)叶，叶片,Vocabulary 23. strip strp n.条,带,片 24. crude kru:d adj. 不精细的，粗略的 25. polarity plrti n.极性 26. fuse fju:z n.保险丝，熔丝 27. rugged rgd adj.坚固的 28. depict dipikt v.描绘，描写 29. cartridge fuse k:trid盒式保险丝,Vocabulary 30. blow blu v.(保险丝)烧断 31. plug fuse 插头式保险丝 32. malfunction mlfkn n.故障 33. deene
7、rgize v.不给.通电 34. insulation nslen n.绝缘 35. generator denreit n.发电机 36. magneto mni:tu n.磁发电机,Vocabulary 37. humidity hju:miditi n.湿度 38. moisturemist n.潮湿，湿气 39. abbreviatebri:vi:et v.缩写，缩写为abbr. 40. transformer n.变压器 41. thumb m v.检查，查阅,拇指 42. milliammeter milimi:t n.毫安表,Vocabulary 43. multimeter
8、n.万用表 44. dynamometer dainmmit n.测力计，功率计 45. aluminum lu:mnm n.铝 46. deteriorate ditirireit v.(使)恶化 47. eddy current 涡流 48. gear n.齿轮，传动装置 49. dial dal n.刻度盘,Electrical personnel use many different types of measuring instruments.,从事电子技术的专业人员要使用各种类型的测量仪表。,Test,Some jobs require very accurate measurem
9、ents while other jobs need only rough estimates, some instruments are used solely to determine whether or not a circuit is complete.,该句为复合句,some jobs.other jobs.some instruments引导并列主句,whether or not引导are used的状语从句。,Test,Some jobs require very accurate measurements while other jobs need only rough es
10、timates, some instruments are used solely to determine whether or not a circuit is complete.,一些工作需要非常精确的测量，而另一些工作仅需要粗略的估计，还有些仪表主要用来测量电路是否接通。,Test,The most common measuring and testing instruments are voltage testers, voltmeters, ammeters, ohmmeters, continuity testers, megohmmeters, wattmeters, and
11、watt-hour meters.,最常用的测量和检测仪表是：电位差计、伏特表、安培表、欧姆表、通路测量仪、兆欧表、瓦特表、瓦时计量器。,All meters used for measuring electrical values are basically current meters. They measure or compare the values of current flowing through them. The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired
12、unit.,划线一句为两个短句构成的并列句型,主语分别是meters和scale,to read是is designed的目的状语。注意被动语态的译法。,All meters used for measuring electrical values are basically current meters. They measure or compare the values of current flowing through them. The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the
13、desired unit.,所有用来测量电子值的仪表基本上是电流表。它们测量或比较流经仪表的电流。这些仪表可以被校准并设计好量程,以便读出期望的数值。,1.1 Safety Precaution,第一节 安全措施,Correct meter connections are very important for the safety precaution of the user and for proper maintenance of the meters.,仪表的正确连接对使用者的安全预防措施以及仪表的正确维护都十分重要。,1.1 Safety Precaution,第一节 安全措施,A b
14、asic knowledge of the construction and operation of meters will aid the user in making proper connections and maintaining them in safe working order.,该句是一个简单句,短语aid sb.in doing sth帮助某人做某事making.and maintaining是并列结构的介词宾语,1.1 Safety Precaution,第一节 安全措施,A basic knowledge of the construction and operati
15、on of meters will aid the user in making proper connections and maintaining them in safe working order.,(懂得)仪表构造与操作的基本知识会确保使用者正确使用以及安全工作。,Many instruments are designed to be used on DC or AC only, while others can be used interchangeably.,该句为两个并列的句子,while引导相反的句意,可译为“然而”、“而”。interchangeably可交换地;可替换地
16、inter-表示“在之间，相互” interaction 相互影响 international 国际的,许多仪表被设计为仅用于在交流或直流电路中,而其他的可以交换使用。,It is important that /to do.句型,which引导定语从句。 类似的句型还有： It is necessary/called/defined as/said to bee 有必要./.称作/.定义为./据说. It seems essential to give a detailed study. 似乎有必要进行细致的研究,Note: It is very important to use each
17、meter only with the type of current for which the meter is designed.,注意：每种仪表只能用来测量符合设计要求的电流类型，这一点十分重要。,Note: It is very important to use each meter only with the type of current for which the meter is designed.,名词化结构using a meter with an incorrect type of .做主语，可简化句子结构。 比较一下：If we use a meter with an
18、 incorrect type of current, it can result in . 名词化结构可减少if从句,避免人称代词。,Using a meter with an incorrect type of current can result in damage to the meter and may cause injury to the user.,用在不正确的电流类型下使用会导致仪表毁坏,乃至使使用者受到伤害。,Using a meter with an incorrect type of current can result in damage to the meter a
19、nd may cause injury to the user.,一类仪表仅用来测量很小的值，另一类能用来测量极大值。,Some meters are constructed to measure very low values. Other meters can measure extremely high values.,CAUTION: Never allow ammeter to exceed its rated maximum limit. The importance of never allowing the actual value to exceed the maximum
20、value indicated on the meter can not be overemphasized.,划线一句是名词性结构never allowing the value.为了简化句子结构,减少if从句；indicated on 过去分词短语做后置定语修饰先行词value。,CAUTION: Never allow ammeter to exceed its rated maximum limit. The importance of never allowing the actual value to exceed the maximum value indicated on th
21、e meter can not be overemphasized.,警告：不允许仪表超出它的额定最大量程。不允许被测的实际数值超过仪表最大允许值的要求再强调也不过分。,Exceeding maximum values can damage the indicating needle, interfere with proper calibration, and in some instances may cause the meter to explode, resulting in injury to the user.,名词性结构exceeding maximum values做主语,谓
22、语动词是can damage.interfere with.may cause. resulting in.分词短语做may cause的结果状语。,Exceeding maximum values can damage the indicating needle, interfere with proper calibration, and in some instances may cause the meter to explode, resulting in injury to the user.,超出最大值会导致仪表指针的损坏,妨碍正确的校准,在某些情况下还可能引起仪表的爆炸,伤害使
23、用者。,Some meters are equipped with over correct protection. However, a current many times greater than the instruments design limit may still be hazardous.,一些仪表备有过电流保护。 time的译法,比较下列两句： (1)但是,电流多次超出仪表的设计范围仍然是危险的。 (2)但是,电流超出仪表的设计限定值许多倍仍然是危险的。,electromagnetic interaction电磁感应 operate on基于.工作/运行,许多仪表都是基于电
24、磁感应原理工作的。,1.2 Basic Meter Construction and Operation,第二节 基本仪表构造和操作,Many meters operate on the principle of electromagnetic interaction.,This interaction is caused by an electric current flowing through a conductor which is placed between the poles of a permanent magnet.,1.2 Basic Meter Construction
25、and Operation,第二节 基本仪表构造和操作,复合句。主句interaction is caused by .current; flowing through.现在分词短语做后置定语,修饰current;which 引导a conductor的定语从句。,This interaction is caused by an electric current flowing through a conductor which is placed between the poles of a permanent magnet.,这种感应是由电流流经一个放置在永久磁铁两极间的导体时引起的。,1
26、.2 Basic Meter Construction and Operation,第二节 基本仪表构造和操作,This type of meter is especially suitable for direct current.,这种类型的仪表尤其适用于直流。,1.2 Basic Meter Construction and Operation,第二节 基本仪表构造和操作,whenever引导时间状语从句，主句为被动句，译成主动语态。,Whenever an electric current flows through a conductor a magnetic force is de
27、veloped around the conductor.,无论何时,只要一个电流流经一个导体,在这个导体周围就形成一个磁力。,The magnetic force caused by the electric current reacts with the force of the permanent magnet. This causes the indicating needle to move.,第一句主谓结构,caused by.过去分词短语做后置定语,修饰magnetic force(磁力)。 电流引起的磁力与永久磁铁相互作用,引起指针的移动。,The larger the amo
28、unt of current, the farther the needle will move.,句型the adj.比较级.the adj.比较级.表示“越.越.” 电流越大，指针移动的越远。,which引导非限定性定语从句,翻译时可作为两个分句。 将导线绕成线圈，放在永久磁铁的两极中间的一个轴上。,The conductor is formed into coil, which is placed on a pivot between the poles of the permanent magnet.,The coil is connected to the terminals of
29、the instrument through two spiral springs.,of the instrument做后置定语,through two spiral springs做方式状语。 通过两个螺旋型弹簧线圈线圈与仪表的接线端子相连。,These springs supply a reacting force proportional to the deflection. When no current is flowing, the springs cause the needle to return to zero.,第一句中proprotional to.形容词短语做后置定语
30、。reacting force反作用力 第二句cause.to return to zero注意翻译简洁明了。,These springs supply a reacting force proportional to the deflection. When no current is flowing, the springs cause the needle to return to zero.,这些弹簧提供了与偏移量成正比的反作用力。当没有电流流动时,弹簧使指针返回到零点。,being measured过去分词的现在时态表示“正在进行测量的”,这是中英文的区别。 scale词义有“刻度”
31、、“量程” 仪表刻度是设计用来指示被测电流量。,The meter scale is designed to indicate the amount of current being measured.,The movement of the coil (and thus the movement of the indicating needle) is proportional to the amount of current flowing in the coil.,该句是主系表结构,flowing in现在分词短语做后置定语。 线圈的移动(以及由此引起的指针的移动)和流经线圈的电流成比例
32、。,If it is necessary to measure larger currents than the coil can safety carry, a bypass circuit, or shunt, is included. The shunt many be contained within the meter housing or connected externally.,bypass旁路,pass by经过;shunt分路 如果要去测量一个大于线圈所能安全承载的电流时,有必要安装一个旁路,或者分路。 分路可以包含在仪表箱内,也可联接在外面。,Example 1 A me
33、ter is constructed to measure to 10A on a maximum scale. The coil can safely carry 0.001 A. the shunt must be designed to carry 9.999 A.,例一:一个仪表设计测量的最大量程为10A。线圈所能安全流过的电流为0.001A,则旁路必须设计来承担9.999A的电流。,The meter is designed to indicate 10 A when 0.001 A flows in the coil.,when引导时间状语,翻译时应作为前置状语,以符合中文的表达习
34、惯。 当有0.001A的电流流经线圈时仪表应指示10A。,Shunt“分路”、“并联”、“分流器”,此处是“分流器”更合理。 图1.1(a)是一个永磁仪表。图1.1(b)是通过仪表接线端子外接的分流器。,Fig.1.1 (a) illustrates a permanent-magnet. Fig.1.1 (b) show an external shunt connected across the meter terminal.,The permanent-magnet meter can be used as an ammeter or a voltmeter. When the scal
35、e is designed to indicate current and the internal resistance is kept to a minimum, the meter functions as an ammeter.,When引导时间状语,the scale is.and the internal resistance is.为并列两个分句 永磁式仪表可作安培表或伏特表。当刻度表示电流且内部电阻很小时,仪表做安培表使用。,When the scale is designed to indicate voltage, the internal resistance will
36、be relatively high, depending upon the value of voltage for which the meter is designed.,Depending upon现在分词短语做状语,进一步说明high的程度。 当刻度指示电压,内阻相对高一些,且内阻取决于仪表可测电压的设计值。,Note: Regardless of the design, the distance the needle moves is determined by the amount of current flowing in the coil.,Regardless of不管怎样
37、,主句为被动句,应译为主动语态。 注意:不管怎样设计,指针移动的距离由流经线圈的电流量决定。,第二句是“定义”句型,译为“.的装置” 为了在交流电中使用这种仪表,必须在设计上稍做改动。整流器是一个把交流转化为直流的装置。,A slight change must be made in the design in order to use this type of meter on AC. A rectifier is a device which changes AC to DC.,It must be incorporated into the meter and the scale mus
38、t be drawn to indicate the correct value of AC voltage. Rectifier-type AC meters cannot be used on DC and are generally designed as voltage meters.,两句均是被动句,译为主动式。be drawn to“被吸引到”,此处可“意译”,It must be incorporated into the meter and the scale must be drawn to indicate the correct value of AC voltage.
39、Rectifier-type AC meters cannot be used on DC and are generally designed as voltage meters.,它必须和仪表结合在一起,刻度必须指示正确的交流电压值。整流器类型的交流仪表不能用在直流中,而且一般被设计做电压表。,The electrodynamometer与Fig.1.2是同位语。That引导定语从句,先行词在从句中做主语 电测力计,如图1.2所示,是另一种用在交流电下工作的仪表,它既可用作安培表,又可用作伏特表。,The electrodynamometer, Fig.1.2 is another des
40、ign for both ammeters and voltmeters that can be used on alternating current.,This instrument consists of two stationary coils and one movable coil. The three coils are connected in series with each other through two spiral springs.,consist of (整体)由(部件)组成 stationary coil静止线圈;movable coil动线圈 in serie
41、s with串联;in parallel with并联 这种仪表由两个静止线圈和一个动线圈构成。三个线圈通过两个螺旋式弹簧串接在一起。,The spring also support the movable coil. When current flows through the coils the movable coil moves in a clockwise direction.,clockwise顺时针;counterclock逆时针 anticlockwise英/counterclockwise美逆时针 弹簧也支撑动线圈,当电流流经线圈时,动线圈向顺时针方向移动。,第一句is no
42、t.as it is.不像.一样. varies with随.变化;square平方 在电测力计内,刻度不像在永磁仪表那样均匀划分。作用在动线圈上的力随着线圈电流的平方而变化。,In the electrodynamometer, the scale is not divided uniformly, as it is in permanent magnet- type meters. The force on the movable coil varies with the square of the current flowing through the coils.,This requi
43、res that the divisions near the beginning of the scale be made closer together than those near end.,require that.(should)do sth. 这要求刻度在开始处时密一些,而在结束处要疏一些。,The greater the distance between the divisions, the more accurately one can read the meter. It is important to strive for an accurate reading.,The
44、 greater.the more.越.越. 第一句为了句子平衡将read的状语提前。 刻度间的间隔越大,从仪表上读出的数据就越精确。这对争取一个精确的读数很重要。,动叶片结构是仪表的另一种结构。在线圈内流动的电流使两个铁条磁化。一个叶片可动另一个固定。,The moving-vane meter is another type of construction for meters. Current flowing in the coil causes two iron strips (the vanes) to become magnetized. One vane is movable;
45、the other is stationary.,The magnetic reaction between the two vanes causes the movable one to turn. The amount of movement depends upon the value of current flowing in the coil.,两个叶片间磁的作用使动叶片转动。其移动位移取决于流经线圈的电流值。,警告:以上叙述的所有仪表都以磁学作为操作原理,所以不要把它们放置在靠近其它磁体附近,这一点很重要。,CAUTION: All of the instruments descr
46、ibed depend upon magnetism for their operation, so it is important that they not be placed near other magnets.,The magnetic force from another magnet may damage the meter and/ or cause incorrect measurements.,该句是主谓宾结构,谓语may damage.and/or cause 另一个磁体的磁场会对仪表造成损害和/或导致测量结果不正确。,1.3 Use of Measuring Instr
47、ument,第三节 测量仪表的使用,electrical pressure电压,component元件 applied与across a component介词短语做后置定语,先行词是voltage drop电压 伏特表是用来测量电路中的电压和/或一个元件的电压降。,A voltmeter is designed to measure the electrical pressure applied to a circuit and /or the voltage drop across a component.,Voltmeters must always be connected in pa
48、rallel with the circuit or the component being measured.,它(电压表)必须与被测电路或元件并联。,crude adv.相当地;approximate adj.近似的 对电工来说,交直流电位检测计是一个虽不太精确但十分有用的仪表。,1.3.1 Voltage Testers 电位差计,The AC-DC voltage tester is a rather crude but useful instrument for the electrician. This instrument is designed to indicate approximate values of voltage.,The more common types indicate the following values of voltage: AC, 110, 220, 440, and 550 V; DC,125,250,and 600 V.Many of these instruments will also indicate the “polarity” of DC; i.e., which conductor of the circuit is positively or negatively charged.,
