1、Lesson 90 Whats for supper? 晚餐吃什么？【Text】Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be
2、 repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but
3、 favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rig
4、s; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?【课文翻译】油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直 是英国人喜爱的一道菜，但是随着海洋里的滥捕滥捞，鱼已经变得越来越昂贵。因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。钻井平台需要经常修理，潜水员常常要在水面 100 英尺以下摸黑工作，他们曾在工作时被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊惶失措
5、。现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他 们免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并不是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸，而是深受人们喜爱的食用鱼品种，如鳕鱼和鳐鱼，只不过它们长得出奇地大，有时长达 12 英尺。这些鱼能长得这 么大是由 3 个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可 爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？New words and expressions 生词和短语chip n. 油煎土豆片 overfish v. 过度捕捞giant adj. 巨大的 terrify v. 吓，使恐怖diver n. 潜小员 oil
6、 rig 石油钻塔wit n. （复数）理智，头脑 cage n. 笼shark n. 鲨鱼 whale n. 鲸variety n. 品种 cod n. 鳕skate n. 鳐 factor n. 因素crew n. 全体工作人员【生词讲解】1. chip 1） n. 油煎土豆片（英： potato chip / crisp）（细长的）油炸马铃薯条 （美：French fry） 2） 碎片、木碎片have a chip on ones shoulder（口） 心情不好、性好争吵a chip off the old block （口）酷似父亲的儿子、 一个模子印出来的 , 酷似2. overf
7、ish v. 过度捕捞overcrop v. 因过度的耕种而使土地贫瘠overdo v. 做得过分 , 过度, 夸张overdraw vt. 透支, 拉过度, 夸大overdress v. （使）过度打扮, 穿着太考究overeat vi. 吃过量3. giant 1） adj. 巨大的a giant corporation 一个大公司giant panda n. 大猫熊, 大熊猫2) n. （故事或传说等）巨人、大汉（相反：dwarf 矮子 ）eg：Jack saw the giant climbing down the beanstalk .杰克看到巨人爬下豆茎。3） n. 伟人、大人物g
8、iants in the field of electronics 电子行业之牛耳.4. terrify v. 吓，使恐怖、使受惊吓be terrified of 害怕 ., 恐惧 .eg：The children were terrified of being scolded. 孩子们害怕被骂。terrify sb 惊吓某人、威胁(某人)eg：His sudden appearance terrified them. 他的突然出现，吓坏了他们。be terrified by / be terrified at 被 吓一跳eg：They were terrified by his sudden
9、 appearance. They were terrified at his sudden appearance.他的突然出现使他们都吓坏了。terrifying adj. 可怕的terrified terifaid adj. 恐惧的, 受惊吓的5. diver n. 潜小员、跳水选手dive daiv n. vi.跳水，潜水；俯冲，扑dive from the bridge into the river 从桥上跳入河中diver for （为寻找或取） 潜水eg：They dived down for oysters. 他们潜水去捞牡蛎dive into (突然)投入, 跳入、潜心研究eg
10、：He dived into the history of China. 他潜心研究中国的历史。6. oil rig 石油钻塔oil 1） n. 油 cooking oil 食用油hair oil 发油 ； heavy oil 重油 ； light oil 轻油2） n. 油画颜料paint in oils 油画油 ； burn the midnight oil 开夜车pour oil on the flame vi. 火上加油3） v. 在.注 （涂）油oil a clock 给钟加油oil ones hand oil ones palm 行贿oil the wheels （用会赂手段等）
11、使事情进展顺利rig 1） n.（船） 配备、设备,钻探设备2) v. 给（船）上配备、打扮、装束7. wit 1） n. （复数）理智，头脑（wits） eg：He has quick wits. 他反应敏锐eg：He lacked the wits to see what to do in the emergency.他当时缺少临机应变的能力。2） 机智、聪明（u）eg：His essays sparkled with wit. 他的散文才气洋溢。eg：His speech was full of wit and humor. 他的演讲充满了机智和幽默。at ones wits end 智
12、穷计尽have ones wits about keep ones wits about 头脑冷静；保持警觉；精明；足智多谋live by ones wits 靠小聪明过日子out of ones wits 失去理智8. shark 1）n. 鲨鱼2）n.（口语） 骗子、贪得无厌的人、放高利贷者9. whale n. 鲸eg：The whale is the largest of all animals.所有动物鲸是最大的。a whale of （口） 极好的、巨大的have a whale of a time 过美好的时光10. variety vraiti n. 多样化monotony m
13、ntni n. 单调a life full of variety 丰富多彩的生活for varietys sake 为不单调起见，为了有所变化a variety of 种种，多种多样的eg：There are a wide variety of people on the earth. 地球上有各种不同的人。variety show （英）综艺节目 variety store （美） 杂货店（以低价出售日常品及其他杂货的店铺） various adj.1） 形形色色的、种种的representatives from various countries 来自各国的代表various experi
14、ences 种种经验2） 许多的、好几个的（无比较级的变化） for various reasons 因种种理由variation veriein n.变化，变动；变体，变种；变奏(曲)variations of temperature 温度的变化11. cod n. 鳕鱼C.O.D. n. (= cash on delivery) 货到付款12. skate 1）n. 鳐鱼2）v. 溜冰、滑冰eg：I want to go skating tomorrow. 我想明天去溜冰3） n. 溜冰鞋 ice skate ； roller skate 旱冰鞋13. factor1）n.（造成某结果的）
15、 因素、要素the main factor that caused dispute 造成纠纷，的主要因素， eg：Honesty is one factor for his success. 诚信是他成功的因素之一。2） n. 因子、因子14. crew n.（船、飞机、火车等的） 全体工作人员（集体名词） eg：The crew is large. 工作人员很多。eg：The crew of the jet are 30 in all. 全体机组人员总共是个。eg：The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten.这架飞机有七十名乘客，名机
16、组人员。crew cut 小平头 ； crew neck 圆领毛衣【课文讲解】1.Fish and chips has always been a favorite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.fish and chips 油煎鱼加炸土豆片 ，英国的一种家常菜， 被看做是一盘菜，因此用单数动词；而 Jane and Keith have always been good friends of ours 谓语动词为 have bee
17、n. 用 and 相连的名词看成一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果把他们看成分开的部分，动词就用复数形式；如上句。 more and more 越来越eg：The spectators got more and more excited. 观众们越来越兴奋。eg：More and more doctors have begun to use the new medicine.越来越多的医生使用这种新药。 1）dish 在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、 “食品”：eg：I like French dishes.我喜欢（吃）法国菜。eg：Would you like a sweet dish?您要
18、一盘甜食吗？2）the dishes 餐具3）常用于口语，用做单数,帅气的意思eg：Marys new boy-friend is quite a dish, isnt he? Mary 新交的男朋友挺帅的，是不是？4）dish the dirt 揭短，揭疮疤eg： Journalists dished the dirt about this famous singer.记者们揭了这个著名歌星的疮疤。5）dish out 大量分发eg：There are many people dishing out leaflets to passers-by.有很多的人正在向路人分发传单。2. So it
19、 comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. it comes to learn that 听说North Sea 北海 terrify, frighten, fear 和 scare 的区别 frighten 最普通,没有特殊的意义, 仅表示“吓唬“或“ 使害怕“；scare 在口语中与 frighten 可以通用,但是在文学作品中,总是用它 表示“把某人吓跑“；scare 还表示恐吓，实际并没有发生的事情。terrify指“使( 某人 )感到恐怖
20、“,受到这种惊吓的人是不能自制的。语气最强烈 .Fear 当我们害怕某种东西而而产生的一种害怕感觉。1）terrify 使某人害怕，感到恐怖eg: He terrified the children with ghost stories.他用鬼故事来吓孩子们。2)You scared me! 吓我一跳 !3. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of t
21、heir wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. 1）be frightened out of their wits 被吓晕了、被吓得惊惶失措（be frightened/scared to death/out of ones wits 某人被吓得要死）eg：The children are frightened to death by the thunderstorm.孩子们让雷雨吓得要命。2）out of ones wits 表示“失去理智”、 “惊慌失措”：eg：She was frightened out of her wi
22、ts by the great fire.大火吓得她惊慌失措。eg: Are you out of your wits?（Are you out of your mind?)你疯了吗？3）bump into 的含义之一是“碰上”、 “撞上”：bump against/into sth 与某物相撞eg: I bumped into a chair in darkness.我在黑暗中碰到了椅子。eg: Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。eg：I saw the taxi bum
23、p into a parked car . 我看到出租车撞上一辆停着的汽车。bump into 也可以表示“偶然遇见”、 “碰见”（多用于口语）：eg: Guess who I bumped into today?你猜我今天碰到谁了？eg: I bumped into Jane at the conference.我开会时碰见了简。4. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. have sth done get sth done 让别人做某事=ask sb to do sthhave h
24、ad.made 是使役式的完成式。 （cf第 66 课语法）have 作为完全动词还可以构成使役式，其形式为： have+名词或宾格代词+ 动词的过去分词。由于have 是完全动词，所以其疑问句与否定句由 do/did 构成。与被动语态相似，使役式着重表示的是对某物（或某人）做了什么而不是某人做了什么。用被动语态或使役式时，我们可能不知道或认为不必指明为我们服务 的人是谁。然而，使役式比被动语态更加强调“使”别人为我们服务这一事实。我们要表示让别人为我们做某事时，通常不用主动语态。让别人给理发时，不可说 I want to cut my hair 而要说 I want to have my h
25、air cut。eg: I m having my car repaired.我正在让别人修理我的汽车。 （使役式的进行式）eg: Did she mend the type writer herself?No, she had it mended in town.是她自己修理打字机的吗？（主动语态）不，她让别人在城里修的。 （使役式）eg: How nice your car looks!Thank you. I ve just had it washed.你的车看上去真漂亮！谢谢。我刚让人洗过。 （使役式的完成式）eg: You ll need some warm clothes for
26、the journey.Ill have some new clothes made next week.这次出去旅行你需要带一些暖和的衣服。我下周就让人做几件。 （使役式的将来式） protect from protect against eg：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴着太阳镜保护眼睛免受强光伤害。eg: He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.试图使孩子不被雨淋/狗咬。eg: This coat will p
27、rotect you against the cold.这件大衣可以给你御寒。5. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favorite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. fish : squid 鱿鱼 goldfish 金鱼 carp 鲤鱼 crucian 鲫鱼 scales 鱼鳞 fins 鳍gill 鳃 frozen fish 冻鱼 smoked
28、fish 熏鱼 fresh fish 鲜鱼 boiled fish 煮鱼fried fish 煎鱼 grilled fish 烤鱼 favourite eating varieties, 深受人们喜爱的食用的品种。eating 在这里为形容词，表示“供食用的” ，它有时也表示“宜生食的”：eg: Eating corn is quite sweet.食用玉米很香甜。eg: These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹任用的苹果。eat up your dinner.吃完你的饭！ as much
29、as 像 一样（最大限度）数词 + 量词 + in + 名词as far as + 从句eg: This is as far as I can drink.我再也不能喝了。not . but . 不是而是 twelve feet long 这条鱼有 13 英尺长。thirteen feet highthirteen feet wideThe fish is two feet in length.The fish is one feet in widthThe fish is one feet in height6. Three factors have caused these fish to
30、 grow so large: cause for/to sth 理由，缘故（直接原因）eg: You have no cause for complaint/You have no cause to complaint.你没有理由抱怨eg: Driving too fast may cause an accident.开车太快会引起事故。eg: She is never absent from work without good cause.她决不无故缺勤。v.造成（某事物）eg: The cold weather caused the plants to die.天气寒冷冻死了植物。eg:
31、 Shes always causing trouble for people.她总是给人添麻烦。eg: This car caused me a lot of trouble.这辆车给我带来许多麻烦。cause sb to do sth：导致某人做某事eg: Illness caused him to lose his temper.疾病使他发脾气。eg: His illness caused him to miss the game.他因病不能参加比赛。cause sth. to sb. / for sb. 给某人带来eg: He often causes trouble to / for
32、 people.cause：强调事情发生的直接原因reason：其他各种的理由7. The warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; overboard adv.（自船上） 到水中fall overboard 从船上落水、 从火车上掉下来 plentiful adj. 丰富的、很多的（反义词 scarce） a plentiful supply of water 水供应充足a plentiful
33、 supply of food 食物供应充足plenty n.plenty of books 大量的书plenty of money 大量的钱 ； plenty of time 大量的时间; plenty of 通常用于肯定句中否定句、疑问句则用 enough , much , many 8. the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. absence 1）n. 缺乏、缺少eg：Absence of rain caused the plants to die. 缺乏雨水造成植物死亡。2）n. 不在、外出、缺席eg： Behav
34、e yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。after an absence of seven from school 缺课七天之后 total1）total 在这里表示 “完全的 ”、 “彻底的”（相当于 complete）：eg: His letter is a total surprise to her.他的来信完全出乎她的意料之外。eg: That girl is a total stranger to me.我根本不认识那姑娘。total absence of . 完全没有total absence of mind 心不在焉9. As a resul
35、t, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. as a result of 结果是（It turns out to be ）eg：He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞,他迟到了。as a resulteg: He didnt work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.他没有用功学数学。因此，他考试没及格。 eat and eat and g
36、row and grow 吃呀吃,长呀长。eg：We waited and waited . 我们等了又等。10. Who eats who? 究竟谁吃谁呢？【关键词组摘录】1. it comes to learn 2. frighten sb out of ones wits3. bump into4. protect sb from sth【Key structures】 have 的用法Exercise 改写以下句子，用适当的 have 结构来替代刮号中的部分：（1）Special cages（have been made） to protect the divers from thes
37、e monsters . They have had special cages made to protect the divers from these monsters . 特殊的笼子被制作出来保护潜水员免受这些怪物袭击。（2）The oil companies（make them repaired） frequently . The oil companies have had the rigs repaired frequently .石油公司要经常安排人去修理钻井平台。（3）The divers（must） often work in total darkness . The di
38、vers often have to work in total darkness . 潜水员必须要在完全一片漆黑中工作。（4） He（has published） a book. He has a book polished . 他有一本书被出版了。（5） We （need ） to protect fish stocks. We have to protect fish stocks . 我们需要保护鱼的总量。（6） We （have not sent） the letter to his new address . We have not had the letter sent to h
39、is new address .我们没有叫人把信寄了他的新地址。（7） ” I（will send ） the package to you , “ she promised 。承诺说他我会把包裹寄给你的。”I will have the package sent to you , “ she promised .他承诺说我会找人把包裹寄给你的。（8） （Must） you go so soon？你这么快就要走了吗？Do you have to go so soon ？（9） Are you going to（clean） this suit ？你打算洗这件西服吗？5. favourite e
40、ating varieties 6. unnatural sizes7. as much as8. cause sb to do sth 9. as a resultAre you going to have this suit cleaned？你打算找人洗这件西服吗？（10） When will you（fix） this loose handle ？你什么时候会修理这个把手呢？When will you have this loose handle fixed.你什么时候会找人修理这个把手呢？（11） I（must） take this car in for new brakes to b
41、e fitted .我必须把新的新剎车调整一下I have to take car in to have new brakes fitted .我必须让新的新剎车被调整一下（12） How long is it since you（needed） to see a doctor？从你上次（需要） 看病到现在有多久了。how long is it since you had to see a doctor？（13） The doctor told me I（must） get more exercise .医生告诉我必须多锻炼。The doctor told me I had to get mo
42、re exercise .【Special Difficulties】被看作整体的、用 and 连接的两个名词当主语是 and 连接的两个名词时，谓语通常用复数形式：An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.有些名词由于经常在一起连用，就把它们看成一个整体（或一个单位） ，因而成了一种复合名词。它们不仅有固定的词序，且后面的谓语动词通常要用单数形式。这类复合名词有：bacon and eggs（咸肉和鸡蛋） ，bread and butter（面包和黄油） ，cheese and wine（奶酷和葡萄酒） ，fish and chips（鱼和油炸土
43、豆片） ，a knife and fork（一副刀叉） ，sausage(s) and mash（香肠和土豆泥） 。通常被作为单数看待的有一道菜和一套东西。eg: Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.如果把两个名词看成是分开的东西，动词就要用复数：eg: Fish and chips make a good meal.Exercises 选择正确的词：（1） Bread and butter（is） （are） fattening .（2） There （is） （are）a knife and fork missing .（3） There
44、 （is ） （are ）a light bulb and a screwdriver in the drawer.（4） （Is） （Are）there bacon and eggs for breakfast ？（5） A chequebook and a purse （has） （have） been taken . chequebook tekbuk n. 支票簿 =checkbook（美）Exercise：1. There is a total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. There are C fishing boat
45、s .a. few b. a few c. no d. not 2. The report comes as a surprise . It is a .a. surprising 惊人的 b. surprised 感到吃惊的c. delightful 令人高兴的 d. shocked 使震惊 、振动的3. Those fish grow to unnatural sixes . they are d .a. expensive 昂贵的b. overfished 对鱼类过量捕捞的c. lovely 可爱的d. huge 巨大的4. They used the wood d they had found in the workshop to start a fire .a. cubes kju:b n.立方形，立方体；立方，三次幂b. crusts krst n.(一片)面包皮，硬外皮；外壳，地壳c. chops tp v.砍，劈，斩 n.排骨d. chips tip n.碎片； pl.炸土豆条；集成块 vt.削(片)谚语. You cant make an omelette without breaking eggs.做电卷煎蛋就要打碎鸡蛋、有失才有得 omelette mlit n. 煎蛋
