1、总结文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者、专家的观点以及语篇及段落发展模式。对考试类文章而言，还要总结文章的考点、题目的定位、答案的替换、正确和干扰项的规律、特征。 例1：请大家参考我对2005年1月六级阅读第三篇的解析： Passage Three (31) Throughout the nations more than 15,000 school districts, widely differingapproaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a
2、 new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.（注意本段的differing / diversity / variability几个同义替换，表明本段强调了美国各个地区的科学和数学教育差异很大多样性，多元化的事实。文章第二句，作者话锋一转，尽管多 元化有好处，但
3、有分析表明这导致了美国的 发 国家的同 ，学 平淡。这一句 了美国教育 的 题，文 作 解 题的 ，注意这 的考点。平 一定要currency1“、 文的 fi 31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _. 定 位 替换 本题 美国的科学和数学教学的fl 。关键词teaching of science and math定位文第一段。B) characterized by its diversity以多样性 特点。解题的点 确第一段”强调的。 干扰项分析 A) focused on
4、tapping students potential 发学 的，文 C) losing its vitality gradually ，D) going downhill in recent years几年 ，文章 了美国的教育 有 ，但 ， C、D。 Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, “no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in
5、 math or science. The reason, he said, “is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.“ （Indeed, 这 强语， 确实的意， 文章 作者 者专家的要观点。专家Schmidt的结论：美国数学和科学的教育实 一致的 观 ， 这个 有 和本的 。 这 专家 作了象的，文 。注意coherent和第一段 diversity义词。fi The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arli
6、ngton, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.（本段 很要，主要 这个分析 50个国家的数。fi Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds (= the new analysis), but there appears
7、 to be little strategic focus within a school districts curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers activities.（Not only , but 装强调句，语意心 but 面的：美国的各个学区 课程等方面 战略点。the report finds插入语fi (32) This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most othercountries.（这 大部分 国家的协调的国家计划形 鲜明对 ，作者的结论
8、句。This 代上面一句的意 ，也即美国 的做 。这 也一个 要的对 考点。fi 32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that _. 定 位 替换本题 美国学校教育的本 。关键词fundamental flaw 定位文第二段，但答案 （而 第四段fi。对文章的分析， 该A) it lacks a coordinated national program美国学校教育 一个协调一致的全国性计划。答案从第四段This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national progr
9、ams of most other countries. 推得的。本题解题的关键跨段整合。 干扰项分析 B) it sets a very low academic standard for students 对学 设定了非 低的学术标，文 （ 美国学 学的多而 精fiC) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers 非 依赖各个教师的主动性，文 D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects 太视学校课程的 入学 ， 文章
10、 ，如果项attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive, study of school subjects 才符合文。 (33) On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that “is a mile wide and an inch deep,“ Schmidt n
11、otes. （ 现 级 高度关注。第二句This 代第一句陈 的事实：平均 来， 国际同 ，美国学 科学 数学方面要学 更多的科目。A mile wide and an inch deep属 形象用 、 喻考点。fi For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider.（作者接着举例 明美国的教育环境a mile wide
12、 and an inch deep。fiU.S. curriculafor this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems “share our pattern of splintered (离破碎的) vis
13、ions“ but which are not economic leaders. 33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is “a mile wide and an inch deep“ (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice _. 定位 替换 本题 作者对美国教育实的看 。上面两段This 代的事实以及For instance 对a mile wide and an inch deep的进一 解释 以看 ，美国教育注”科目的广度而 视 度，”
14、以D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics 触及了许多科目的表面。另外，education environment = educational practice。解题的关键要跨段整合， 确地 别 代和例证的含义。 干扰项分析 A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity牺牲数量来强调质量，和文 B) offers an environment for comprehensive education 全面综合教育 供了环境，文 科学和数学教育， 现全面综合教育的 C) enco
15、urages learning both in depth and in scope鼓励既 入又广泛地学 ，这 美国教育改革的方向， 文 一致。 The new report “couldnt come at a better time,“ says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.（本句某个专家对the new report”作的评价。文章 现性评价之 一般 作进一 的解释 明、 分析等，这命题者 喜欢的考点。fi（34fi“The new
16、 National Science Education Standards providethat focused vision,“ including the call “to do less, but in greater depth.“ （The new National Education Standards和The new report属 同义 。fi 34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will_. 定 位 替换本题 新的全国科学教育标个好消的 。关键词The new
17、 National Education Standards和good news, 定位第七段，本题” 的 第二句，注意but 起的强调，A) provide depth to school science education使学校的科学教育具有 度。解题的关键 别句 之间的关 。 干扰项分析 B) solve most of the problems in school teaching解 学校教学的大部分 题，歪曲 夸张了文章意C) be able to meet the demands of the community 够满足社区需求，文 及， 新的全国科学标 了弥补教育 制的 而制定的D
18、) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice迅速 美国的教育实 处 配地位，文 也 及，而 了实现这个新标将面临挑战。 (35) Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms
19、 be tailored and instituted one community at a time.（ 美国的教育 分 的， 要求 一项改革 一 一个社区地量 定制。he and Schmidt agree插入语，而 专家观点标 词， 接着 了Implementing the new standards will be the challenge的 ，考点设 和34题如 一 ，但 对 ， because明 的 果关 考点标 词。fi In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards “fac
20、ean almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent,each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( ).“ 35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because _. 定 位 替换 本题 实 新的科学和数学标将 的 。put sth. into practice = implement, will prove d
21、ifficult = will be the challenge, ”以本题 确定位 数第二段， C) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions学区对currency1的 定 。该项表 了文 分 的意 。 干扰项分析 A) there is always controversy in educational circles 教育 一 论，B) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so 有足够的教育者意 这样做的要性，D) man
22、y schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards许多学校 师质 这 标的 接 性，这三个项文 均。 例2、2000年1月四级阅读第二篇 Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as dr
23、ivers become used to seeing the paintedbars. 30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads? A) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles. B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. C) They are falling out of use in the United Sta
24、tes. D) They are applicable only on broad roads 请用心 initially 这个词的 ， 实， 一看这个词， 该确predict 面 有考点，而 定 现but, however, ultimately 一类的转、对 词。答案B)。 例3、六级2001年6月阅读第二篇 For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalisti
25、c. Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by goingwhere no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms as humanitys next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-ter
26、m financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. Could
27、it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration,is at least destined to take a leading role? With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. 36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknownplaces in the past was_ . A) to
28、display their countrys military might B) to accomplish some significant science C) to find new areas for colonization D) to pursue commercial and state interests 37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _ . A) international cooperation B) national
29、istic reasons C) scientific research D) long-term profits 注 意：economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific 义词 同一的词，也阅读文章 现的同义换词现象。如果一个词的同义词、 关词 一篇文章 多 现，定这篇文章的强调的地方， 定和考题 关。另外，请注意这两题的考 ，currency1考，“考现，一个wa
30、s, 一个is。答案D,C。 例4、考2004年 Text 1 Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria
31、 such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when amatching position is posted in the database. . Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSitesagent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potenti
32、al jobs those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do. 44. Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only three job options? A) To focus on better job matches. B) To attract more returning
33、visits. C) To reserve space for more messages. D) To increase the rate of success. 请 注意面句 them 代 ：then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 有的导上这 fifl的： 上 的对 位发个 / ， EMAIL这 关的”。 实，这 them visitors。 如 某个求 ， 了的要求， 该 的要求 发email ，这”的interactive feature.44题答案B, 实际上考的一个例证题，但表面上 很
34、看 来，这考 的地方。如果 平注意分析第一句话和 面句 的关 ， ， 例证题的答案 向段落第一句话。答案 attract替换文tempt。如果 解题的 注意 面几句话， 做答案 者速度了。 例、考2002年 Text 4 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there
35、is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”,a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen is permissible ifthe actor intends
36、 only the good effect. 56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_ . A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide 答 案B, 这几段 有 和 律 关 词 以学 ， 如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule 这个词 这 的意 ，很多词 的同学考试 一定 够 这个意 。这题目的干扰项之一C很有意 ，大家有 有注意strongly 这个词，这个项 这 。请看一第二段Although这句话， 一这句话的 （尽管，但fi，这句话的 高 尽管 协 的，对度的，但 强 对 ”以大家 做题的一定要注意项 的形词和 词等定词，这 地方 ，同样文章 现这类词 也需要高度 。
