1、核 心 单 词 offer v(主动 )提出(愿意做某事)；提议；给予；提供 n.出价；建议经典例句Our government offered to help the Philippines people when Philippines was hit by Typhoon Haiyan.当菲律宾受到台风海燕袭击时我国政府主动提出帮助菲律宾人民。(1)offer sb sth offer sth to sb主动把某物给某人offer to do sth 主动提出做某事offer sb money for sth 出价买某物offer sb sth for money 索价卖某物(2)mak
2、e an offer to do sth 主动要做某事A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class.毕业一年后我得到了一个教写作班的工作岗位。When he graduated from college, he _ a remote village school.他毕业后主动要求分配到一个偏远村庄学校去工作。We offered him the house for 35,000.对于这所房子我们向他索价 35 000 英镑。答案 made an offer to be sent to app
3、ly v申请；适用；应用于( 与 to 连用)经典例句He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.(2013山东阅读理解 A) 他心地善良，但是他总是害怕找一份新工作。apply for sth 申请某事apply.to. 把应用于 apply oneself to sth 致力于某事be applied to sth 应用于某事The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发
4、方面。One must apply himself to his work or else he will not enjoy it.一个人必须专心于自己的工作否则他无法喜爱它。We should not only know the theory but also how to _.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。答案 apply it to practice require v需要，要求；命令经典例句Pilots and their aircraft must meet strict safety requirements.飞行员和飞机必须符合严格的安全要求。(1)requ
5、ire sb to do sth 要求某人做某事require doing 需要做(其后跟 v.ing)主动形式表示被动的含义require sth of sb 向某人要求某物require that.(should) do sth 要求(2)requirement n. 要求；必要条件；需要meet/satisfy ones requirement满足/达到某人的要求The situation required that we (should) make an immediate decision.当时的情况需要我们立刻作出决定。These young trees will require
6、_ carefully.这些小树需要悉心照料。Not all goods can satisfy the customers requirements.并非所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求。答案 looking after/to be looked after名师点睛 (1)require 后接 that 从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形 ”构成，should 可以省略。即： require that sb(should)do sth命令某人做某事；要求某人做某事The situation requires that I (should) be present.这种情况
7、需要我在场。(2)require 后跟动词时用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或者用不定式的被动形式，表示“需要做某事” 。即：require doing require to be done。类似用法的动词有 want, need, require 等。【知识链接】像 require 一样后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的常用动词有：一坚持： insist二命令： order, command三建议： advise, suggest, propose四要求： request, require, demand, desire demand n要求；需求 v.要求；请求；需求；查问经典例句Germany a
8、nd France demanded on Thursday that the Americans agree to new transatlantic rules on intelligence and security service behaviour by the end of the year.德国和法国政府于周四对美国政府提出要求，要求其最迟于年底必须同意就国家情报和秘密监控方面的新跨大西洋协议。(1)Error!(2)Error!My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什
9、么事情。The manager demanded that the workers (should) work extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to _.从最早的文明以来，人们就已经控制河流来满足社会的需求。答案 meet /satisfy societys demands suffer vt.遭受痛苦，忍受，允许 vi.忍受，经历经典例句Not only the envi
10、ronment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects.(2013江西阅读理解 D)不但一个国家的环境会遭受旅游业突然增长带来的后果，而且人民也会迅速感觉到它的影响。(1)suffer 表示“遭受，蒙受”时，常跟pain，loss ，defeat ，grief ，hardship，disappointment，damage，poverty，hunger等作宾语(2)suffer from 患病，受 之苦，受损失，常跟 the wa
11、r，the flood， a headache 等作宾语(3)suffering nU痛苦；苦难pl.痛苦；苦恼The Philippine people suffered great losses when Typhoon Haiyan hit it.当台风海燕袭击菲律宾时菲律宾人民遭受了巨大损失。Many companies are _ a shortage of skilled staff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练工人。The old man went through all kinds of sufferings during the war.这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。答案 suf
12、fering from集 训 中 心.单词拼写1Many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting and s_.2Strictly speaking, hes not q_ for the job.3During the weekend we got together and had a s_ meal in that restaurant.4. We are doing our best with the limited resources a_.5A year after graduation, I was _(提供)a posi
13、tion teaching a writing class.6The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers _(要求 )7The new technology was _(应用)to farming.8Having _(遭受 )defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.答案 1.stressful 2.qualified 3.satisfying 4.available 5.offered 6.demands 7.applied 8.suffe
14、red.单项填空1(2012 江苏卷)Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _， but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion C offer Didea答案 C 考查名词辨析。句意： 需要我帮忙吗？ 谢谢你帮忙的提议，但我自己能行。A 项表示“建议” ；B 项表示“问题” ；C 项表示“提议” ；D项表示“主意” 。2(2012 全国卷)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.Aquantity
15、BprogressC production Ddemand答案 D 考查名词辨析。句意：哈利 波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。be in demand“广受欢迎，需求大” ，符合句意。3(2014 广元一诊)The matter _ peoples health surely requires _ carefully.Arelated to; dealing with Brelating to; dealt withC related to; being dealt with Drelating to; having dealt with答案 A 句意：与人们健康有关的问题确实需
16、要认真处理。第一空表示“与相关的” ，应该用 related to 作 matter 的后置定语，表示被动；第二空，require 后面需要跟动名词或不定式的被动式作宾语。故根据句意和结构可知答案为 A。4(2014 潍坊模拟)A new study shows older men _ a lack of deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.Asuffering Bsuffered fromC who suffer from Dwho suffer答案 C 句意：一项新的研究表明缺少深度睡眠的
17、老人有近两倍的几率会患高血压。suffer from“遭受之苦” ，C 项为定语从句，符合句子结构及句意。5(2014 泉州质检)He decided to _ for a position in the publishing house after he graduated from the university.Afind B afford C offer Dapply答案 D 考查动词短语。apply for“申请” ，为固定搭配。apply for a position“申请一个职位” 。核 心 短 语 take.for granted 以为理所当然经典例句I take it for
18、granted that he will succeed. 我认为他会成功是理所当然的。take sb/sth for granted(因习以为常)不把当回事take it for grantedthatclause认为理所当然take sth seriously 严肃对待某事， 认真地对待某事Mr Jones took it for granted that the invitation included his wife.琼斯先生理所当然地认为他妻子也在被邀请之列。We _ air expands when heated.空气受热时膨胀；我们认为这是理所当然的。答案 take it for
19、 granted that in response to 作为的回应；回答经典例句The iPhone 5 was developed in response to customers demands.为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果手机第五代。(1)respond v 反应；回答respond to 对回答；对有反应；对负责任(2)make no/little/some response to.对没有/很少/ 有些反应make a (quick)response to.对作出(迅速)回应Dont respond to any emails asking personal information
20、, no matter how official they look.不要回复向你索要个人信息的任何邮件，不管它们看起来多么正式。The film star _ the question asked by that reporter.这位电影明星对那个记者的问题作出了迅速回答。答案 made a quick response to集 训 中 心.选词填空in particular；in response to；have an effect on；take it for granted；take up； in theory1He never praises his wife for her ex
21、cellent cooking；he just _.2_ their hospitality, we wrote a thankyou note.3The surroundings which a child grows up in may _ his development.4The whole meal was good but the wine _ was excellent.5The journey should only take about 30 minutes，but _ it usually takes more like an hour.6When did you _ Jap
22、anese as a second foreign language?答案 1.takes her for granted 2.In response to 3.have an effect on 4.in particular 5.in theory 6.take up.单项填空1(2014 攀枝花二诊)Many of us take _ for granted that all foreigners celebrate Thanksgiving. But this is simply not true.Athem Bit Cthis Dthat答案 B 句意：我们许多人认为所有外国人庆祝感
23、恩节是理所当然的事。但这根本就不是事实。take. for granted “认为想当然” ，it 作形式宾语，指代后边的宾语从句。2(2014 临川一中联考)Nowadays, many people walk to work _ Copenhagen Conference calling for living a lowcarbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.Ain relation to Bin response toC in addition to Din opposition to答案 B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在，许多人步行去上
24、班，以响应哥本哈根气候大会提出的用低碳生活方式应对全球气候变暖的号召。in response to意为“回应，响应” ，符合语境。.单句改错1Dont take for granted that everyone should help you._.2Look at your room.What a mess！It requires cleaned._.答案 1.take 后加 it 2.cleaned cleaning核 心 句 型 Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.每
25、天早晨， 他手里都拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道. 句中 with a large circular board in his hand 是 with 复合结构，作伴随状语。The young woman, with a baby sleeping in her arms, was wandering in the street.那位年轻妇女，抱着一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。 (伴随状语)“with宾语宾补”构成 with 复合结构在句中通常表示伴随情况，作状语，有时也可以作定语，说明所修饰名词的特征。其构成通常为：with宾语Error!With so many essays to write,
26、he wont have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写，今天早上没有时间去买东西。The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具坏了，那男孩在哭。_， we have made great progress in English.由陈老师教我们， 我们的英语取得了很大的进步. 答案 With Miss Chen teaching us名师点睛 在“with宾语宾补”这一复合结构中作宾补的有动词的现在分词、不定式、过去分词， 这三种形式已成为考查的热点. (1)若该结构中宾语补足语表示的动作为宾语发出，
27、应用 v.ing 形式； (2)结合句意， 若宾语补足语表示的动作已完成， 应用 v.ed 形式； (3)若还未发生， 就用不定式的主动形式； He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.他正开着装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道， 突然他连人带车翻到了 300 米深的山崖下。句中 He was driving a lorry load of bananas when.表示“正在做这时突然” 。whe
28、n 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然 ”，相当于 and at this/that time。We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。be about to do.when.正要做这时(突然)be (just) going to do.when.正要做这时(突然)be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时(突然)had just done.when.刚做了这时(突然)I _ the telephone rang.我刚想上床睡觉， 电话铃响了。My lit
29、tle daughter had just put away all her things when the lights went out.我的小女儿刚把她的东西收拾好， 突然灯灭了。答案 was about to go to bed when集 训 中 心.翻译句子1他离开了办公室， 计算机还开着。 (with 复合结构)_2老师们解决了许多问题后回家。 (with 复合结构)_3我刚想穿上衣服出门， 突然一位老友来访。(be doing.when.)_答案 1.He left the office with the computer working. 2.The teachers wen
30、t home with a lot of problems settled.3I was putting on my coat and going to go out when an old friend dropped in.单项填空1(2012 辽宁卷)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.Ato follow BfollowingC followed Dfollows答案 B 考查 with 复合结构。在 with 复合结构中，宾补可以是形容词、副词、分词、不
31、定式等，此处 pet dog 与 follow 之间构成主动关系，所以用following。不定式表示动作尚未发生，故排除 A。 2She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out _ she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.Awhile Bwhen Cbefore Dafter答案 B 句意：她猛地睁开眼睛，刚要哭，这时她听到父亲急忙告诉她要保持安静。be about to do sth when.为固定句型，其中的 when 为并列连词，相当于 and
32、at that time。3_ little such material left, they decided to hold a meeting to discuss what _.AThere was; was done BBeing; to be doneC Having; to do DWith; was done答案 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：那种材料所剩不多，他们决定开会讨论该做什么。分析句意和句子结构可知，第一空用现在分词 having 作原因状语或用with 复合结构，但第二空处暗含将来意味，表示“该采取什么对策” ，故用“疑问词to do”作宾语，故选 C。单 元 语 法复习
33、动词的形式(2)1(2014 乌鲁木齐一诊)How _ you like the dishes, sir?Delicious. They _ excellent here. Thank you. Well, can I have some tea now, please?Ado; are Bdid; areC do; were Ddid; were答案 D 考查时态。句意：你认为刚才那些菜怎样？很好，这里的菜品很不错。谢谢，现在给我来点茶好吗？通过 have some tea now，可知菜已经吃完，故用一般过去时。2(2014 泸洲二诊)I _ a lesson in the classro
34、om when you called me, so I didnt answer it.Agave Bwas givingC would give Dhave been giving答案 B 考查时态。句意：当你打电话给我的时候我正在上课，因此我没有接电话。根据句意可知，此处表示过去正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。3(2014 合肥高三检测)We _ to finish the project before dark, but the heavy traffic held us up.Aplan Bwere planningC had planned Dare planning答案 C 考查时
35、态。句意：我们原计划在天黑前完成这个项目，但拥挤的交通耽搁了我们。后一分句用了一般过去时态，结合句意可知，前一分句所述情况发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。4(2014 日照一中高三质量检测)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas done Cdo Ddid答案 D 考查虚拟语气。句意：杰克非常健谈。是到了他干事而不只要空谈的时候了。It is (high)time that 从句，从句使用一般过去时或 shouldv. 结构。5(2014 保定高三联考)If only I _ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week.A. would have Bhave hadC. had had D. Have答案 C 考查虚拟语气。句意：在上周举行的英语演讲比赛，我要是有更多的信心就好了！if only 但愿，要是就好了，这表示对过去的推测和假设，用过去完成时态。
